一種智能型全自動快速充電機的設計
2019/4/3 9:10:35??????點擊：
1 充(chong)電(dian)機的現狀
目前，礦用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，無論是(shi)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或是(shi)先恒流(liu)再(zai)恒壓的分段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都有(you)一個共(gong)同(tong)的問題，就是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)方式，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)初充(chong)(chong)(chong)需(xu)70小時以(yi)上，進(jin)行普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)需(xu)10小時以(yi)上，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的初期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)遠小于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因而拉長了(le)(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的浪(lang)費。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的后(hou)期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又大于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)溫度(du)升高(gao)，產(chan)生大量析氣，并形成內部(bu)硫化結晶，大大縮短了(le)(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的循環使用壽命，甚至有(you)可(ke)能永(yong)久性(xing)地損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這(zhe)(zhe)不僅(jin)造成了(le)(le)浪(lang)費，也(ye)增加了(le)(le)對環境的污(wu)染。同(tong)時，這(zhe)(zhe)種傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)采用變(bian)壓器變(bian)壓整流(liu)，可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅控(kong)(kong)制的途徑(jing)，技術落后(hou)，設備(bei)笨重(zhong)，可(ke)靠性(xing)也(ye)差。
美國科學家馬斯通過(guo)對鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)試驗(yan)研究，提(ti)出了一條(tiao)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)初期(qi)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大(da)。隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)延續(xu)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸按指數規律減(jian)小。讓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)按這樣一條(tiao)理想電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線變化(hua)(hua)，就可(ke)(ke)(ke)以最大(da)限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)。同時，試驗(yan)表明，采用脈沖(chong)(chong)式的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是消(xiao)除各(ge)種(zhong)極化(hua)(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)，提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)，延長(chang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)循環使(shi)用壽(shou)命的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)途徑。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是在對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中適時暫停(ting)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并適當加入放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停(ting)止時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)歐姆極化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)失(shi)，濃差極化(hua)(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學極化(hua)(hua)減(jian)弱(ruo)。若(ruo)能在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中讓其反向(xiang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則極化(hua)(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)迅速消(xiao)失(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)溫度(du)也會因放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)得到(dao)有效(xiao)控(kong)制。脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板有加強其韌性的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以大(da)大(da)提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循環使(shi)用壽(shou)命。同時，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極化(hua)(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)失(shi)，脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又可(ke)(ke)(ke)以深層次地激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性物質(zhi)，從(cong)而(er)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有效(xiao)容量(liang)。
當(dang)前，帶有自適應控制(zhi)技術的(de)脈(mo)沖式充電機(ji)(ji)已(yi)成(cheng)為礦用電機(ji)(ji)車充電機(ji)(ji)的(de)主要發展方(fang)向。因此，開發新(xin)一代的(de)智能(neng)快速(su)充電機(ji)(ji)不(bu)僅可以(yi)提高充電效率，降低(di)使用單位的(de)運營成(cheng)本，同時也具有節能(neng)、環保等諸方(fang)面的(de)社會意義。
2 一(yi)種智能型全自動(dong)快速(su)充電機(ji)
2．1 電氣原理
充電機電氣(qi)原(yuan)理框圖見圖1。電氣(qi)原(yuan)理分為(wei)三大部(bu)分，即(ji)逆(ni)變主通道、檢測(ce)控制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和對話單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(顯(xian)示(shi)操作單(dan)(dan)元(yuan))。
逆(ni)變(bian)主通(tong)道將380 V交(jiao)流電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)換為可對電(dian)池進行充電(dian)的可控直流電(dian)源(yuan)，由輸入回路(lu)、工(gong)頻整流濾波電(dian)路(lu)、移相(xiang)全橋(qiao)(ZVT-PWM)變(bian)換電(dian)路(lu)、高頻整流電(dian)路(lu)濾波電(dian)路(lu)、輸出回路(lu)及放(fang)電(dian)回路(lu)組成。
輸入回(hui)路(lu)即供(gong)電(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)，在非運(yun)行狀態時，可切斷主通道電(dian)(dian)源。輸入回(hui)路(lu)設計有軟(ruan)啟動功能，避免啟動沖擊對回(hui)路(lu)元件造(zao)成的損傷。
工(gong)頻整流(liu)(liu)濾波電(dian)路(lu)將380 V交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)整流(liu)(liu)為約550 V的直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)，如(ru)圖(tu)2所示。
移相全橋(qiao)功(gong)率變換電(dian)路是(shi)主通道的(de)核心，完成從(cong)直(zhi)流到(dao)交流再到(dao)直(zhi)流的(de)變換。如(ru)圖3所示。通過改變橋(qiao)臂IGBT控制信(xin)號的(de)相位，來(lai)改變耦合到(dao)高(gao)頻變壓器的(de)波(bo)形寬度，從(cong)而改變輸出給(gei)被充電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)流、電(dian)壓值。
高(gao)頻(pin)整流(liu)濾波電(dian)路將高(gao)頻(pin)變壓(ya)器副邊的(de)高(gao)頻(pin)交流(liu)電(dian)，整流(liu)為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)要求的(de)平(ping)滑直流(liu)電(dian)。
輸出開關電路(lu)在非充(chong)(chong)電狀態下保證主通道與被充(chong)(chong)電池的隔離，防止發生反接造(zao)成的危險(xian)。
放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路實(shi)現"充(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)"的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式，從而改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果和恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的性能(neng)。此外，還可以對電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)未消耗完的待充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)處理(li)。
控制(zhi)單(dan)元接收來(lai)自對話單(dan)元給(gei)定的(de)參數和命(ming)令(ling)，并通過對主(zhu)通道各相關(guan)參數的(de)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)檢測，動態控制(zhi)主(zhu)通道的(de)工作，實(shi)現要求的(de)充(chong)電功能和充(chong)電進程。同時(shi)(shi)為設(she)備提供(gong)多種(zhong)保護。
控制(zhi)單元采(cai)用最新(xin)嵌入式內核芯片(pian)ARM設計。采(cai)集模擬量為(wei)(wei)：4路溫(wen)度、輸出電(dian)流、放電(dian)電(dian)流、輸出電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)池電(dian)壓。控制(zhi)量為(wei)(wei)：輸入開關(guan)、軟啟動、輸出開關(guan)、輸出電(dian)容放電(dian)和(he)ZVT-PWM變換控制(zhi)等
控制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)對話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)之間為RS232全(quan)雙工通信。控制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)接收來自對話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)的各種控制(zhi)命令，并向對話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)實時發送數據。
對(dui)(dui)話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)是整(zheng)機操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)平臺，接收并實現操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者的(de)各(ge)種工(gong)作(zuo)指令，完成各(ge)種工(gong)作(zuo)方式的(de)參數設定、記憶及各(ge)種動靜態參數顯示。對(dui)(dui)話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)由控制芯片、LCM、參數存儲器和(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)按(an)鍵組成。
當充電(dian)機進入工作狀態(tai)時，設備首(shou)先進行自檢。自檢項目包(bao)括充電(dian)電(dian)池是(shi)否反接、主通道各(ge)部(bu)分是(shi)否正常。
自檢結果將發送給(gei)對話單(dan)元。
自檢正常(chang)時，設備(bei)處于待命狀態，準備(bei)接收由對話(hua)單(dan)元發來的各種命令(ling)及參數，并(bing)按(an)要求開始相(xiang)應的工作(zuo)進程。
自檢故障時，對話(hua)單元顯示故障編號，等待檢修。
2．2 工(gong)作方式
智(zhi)能型全自動快速充電機設(she)計了三種工作方式：便捷方式、智(zhi)能方式和放(fang)電方式。
便(bian)捷方式(shi)(shi)。一種常規的恒(heng)流限壓(ya)(ya)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)電工作方式(shi)(shi)，此方式(shi)(shi)工作時(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電機以(yi)設定(ding)電流向負載電瓶恒(heng)流充(chong)電，當充(chong)電電壓(ya)(ya)達(da)到限制(zhi)電壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)再上升，而充(chong)電電流逐(zhu)漸減小(xiao)。當充(chong)電時(shi)(shi)(shi)間達(da)到設定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電機自動結束充(chong)電過程。此種模式(shi)(shi)充(chong)電，電流不(bu)宜(yi)超過100 A，否則電瓶不(bu)易充(chong)滿，且析氣(qi)量大。
智(zhi)能方式(shi)。一種針對(dui)不同規格型號的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池采(cai)取(qu)不同整定參數(shu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)工作方式(shi)。而對(dui)每一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)池又有三種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)，即初充(chong)(chong)模(mo)式(shi)、恒流模(mo)式(shi)和快速(su)模(mo)式(shi)。
a．初充(chong)模(mo)式。為兩階段的(de)定電(dian)流(liu)、定時(shi)間的(de)自動充(chong)電(dian)方式。主要為新電(dian)池初充(chong)設計(ji)。此(ci)模(mo)式充(chong)電(dian)，兩階段電(dian)流(liu)均(jun)不宜過(guo)大，
b．恒流模式。開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)恒流工作，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓升高到設定值時(shi)轉入穩壓工作，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達到設定時(shi)間或充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)容量滿時(shi)自動停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這是基(ji)本進程。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間足夠長時(shi)，基(ji)本進程會疊(die)(die)加(jia)(jia)周期性的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)脈沖，疊(die)(die)加(jia)(jia)后的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程為(wei)(wei)"充(chong)(chong)-停-放(fang)-停-充(chong)(chong)"。
c． 快(kuai)速模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。快(kuai)速模(mo)式(shi)(shi)包含三個順序階段：恒流(liu)、恒壓和(he)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)維持。恒流(liu)段以大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為特征，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量達(da)到設(she)(she)定容量或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)達(da)到設(she)(she)定值(zhi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升至限定值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)，轉入(ru)恒壓段。恒流(liu)段可(ke)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)恢復(fu)80％左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)容量。恒壓段則(ze)維持恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸減小，當(dang)恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)達(da)到設(she)(she)定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)，自(zi)動轉入(ru)維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。快(kuai)速模(mo)式(shi)(shi)和(he)恒流(liu)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)一樣，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)足夠長時(shi)(shi)，基本進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)疊(die)(die)加(jia)周(zhou)期性的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，疊(die)(die)加(jia)后的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)為"充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)-停(ting)(ting)-放-停(ting)(ting)-充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)"。恒壓過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)容量可(ke)恢復(fu)95％以上(shang)。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)轉入(ru)維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi)，脈沖疊(die)(die)加(jia)停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)是為人工對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功能。進(jin)(jin)入(ru)該方式(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)按照設(she)(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降到設(she)(she)定值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
2．3 技術(shu)性能和參數
1)額定輸入電(dian)壓：380 VAC±10％50 Hz；
2)額定輸出功率：30 kW；
3)直流輸出電流：5-200 A；
4)直流輸出電壓：30～300 V；
5)工作模式(shi)：三種(zhong)，便捷充電、智能(neng)充電和自動放電。智能(neng)充電模式(shi)分(fen)為三種(zhong)充電方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，即初充方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、恒流方(fang)(fang)式(shi)和快速方(fang)(fang)式(shi)；
6)具有自檢功能(neng)；
7)具有電池反接保(bao)護(hu)功能；
8)具有過(guo)流、過(guo)載、短(duan)路(lu)和超溫等保護功能；
3 結語
本設計以大功率IGBT為核心，嵌入先進的智能控制系統，在充電過程中實時檢測電池的充電情況，自動調整充電參數，實現最佳的模式控制。通過"充-停-放-停-充"的脈沖充電方式，實現了可控的去極化功能和最佳的充電工藝要求，提高了充電效率和電池的充電容量，延長了電池的使用壽命，同時設備還具有自檢及多種保護功能，有著廣闊的應用前景。上海(hai)施(shi)能電器(qi)設備有限公(gong)司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
目前，礦用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，無論是(shi)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或是(shi)先恒流(liu)再(zai)恒壓的分段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都有(you)一個共(gong)同(tong)的問題，就是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)方式，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)初充(chong)(chong)(chong)需(xu)70小時以(yi)上，進(jin)行普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)需(xu)10小時以(yi)上，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的初期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)遠小于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因而拉長了(le)(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的浪(lang)費。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的后(hou)期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又大于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)溫度(du)升高(gao)，產(chan)生大量析氣，并形成內部(bu)硫化結晶，大大縮短了(le)(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的循環使用壽命，甚至有(you)可(ke)能永(yong)久性(xing)地損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這(zhe)(zhe)不僅(jin)造成了(le)(le)浪(lang)費，也(ye)增加了(le)(le)對環境的污(wu)染。同(tong)時，這(zhe)(zhe)種傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)采用變(bian)壓器變(bian)壓整流(liu)，可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅控(kong)(kong)制的途徑(jing)，技術落后(hou)，設備(bei)笨重(zhong)，可(ke)靠性(xing)也(ye)差。
美國科學家馬斯通過(guo)對鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)試驗(yan)研究，提(ti)出了一條(tiao)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)初期(qi)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大(da)。隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)延續(xu)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸按指數規律減(jian)小。讓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)按這樣一條(tiao)理想電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線變化(hua)(hua)，就可(ke)(ke)(ke)以最大(da)限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)。同時，試驗(yan)表明，采用脈沖(chong)(chong)式的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是消(xiao)除各(ge)種(zhong)極化(hua)(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)，提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)，延長(chang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)循環使(shi)用壽(shou)命的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)途徑。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是在對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中適時暫停(ting)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并適當加入放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停(ting)止時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)歐姆極化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)失(shi)，濃差極化(hua)(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學極化(hua)(hua)減(jian)弱(ruo)。若(ruo)能在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中讓其反向(xiang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則極化(hua)(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)迅速消(xiao)失(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)溫度(du)也會因放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)得到(dao)有效(xiao)控(kong)制。脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板有加強其韌性的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以大(da)大(da)提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循環使(shi)用壽(shou)命。同時，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極化(hua)(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)失(shi)，脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又可(ke)(ke)(ke)以深層次地激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性物質(zhi)，從(cong)而(er)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有效(xiao)容量(liang)。
當(dang)前，帶有自適應控制(zhi)技術的(de)脈(mo)沖式充電機(ji)(ji)已(yi)成(cheng)為礦用電機(ji)(ji)車充電機(ji)(ji)的(de)主要發展方(fang)向。因此，開發新(xin)一代的(de)智能(neng)快速(su)充電機(ji)(ji)不(bu)僅可以(yi)提高充電效率，降低(di)使用單位的(de)運營成(cheng)本，同時也具有節能(neng)、環保等諸方(fang)面的(de)社會意義。
2 一(yi)種智能型全自動(dong)快速(su)充電機(ji)
2．1 電氣原理
充電機電氣(qi)原(yuan)理框圖見圖1。電氣(qi)原(yuan)理分為(wei)三大部(bu)分，即(ji)逆(ni)變主通道、檢測(ce)控制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和對話單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(顯(xian)示(shi)操作單(dan)(dan)元(yuan))。
逆(ni)變(bian)主通(tong)道將380 V交(jiao)流電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)換為可對電(dian)池進行充電(dian)的可控直流電(dian)源(yuan)，由輸入回路(lu)、工(gong)頻整流濾波電(dian)路(lu)、移相(xiang)全橋(qiao)(ZVT-PWM)變(bian)換電(dian)路(lu)、高頻整流電(dian)路(lu)濾波電(dian)路(lu)、輸出回路(lu)及放(fang)電(dian)回路(lu)組成。
輸入回(hui)路(lu)即供(gong)電(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)，在非運(yun)行狀態時，可切斷主通道電(dian)(dian)源。輸入回(hui)路(lu)設計有軟(ruan)啟動功能，避免啟動沖擊對回(hui)路(lu)元件造(zao)成的損傷。
工(gong)頻整流(liu)(liu)濾波電(dian)路(lu)將380 V交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)整流(liu)(liu)為約550 V的直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)，如(ru)圖(tu)2所示。
移相全橋(qiao)功(gong)率變換電(dian)路是(shi)主通道的(de)核心，完成從(cong)直(zhi)流到(dao)交流再到(dao)直(zhi)流的(de)變換。如(ru)圖3所示。通過改變橋(qiao)臂IGBT控制信(xin)號的(de)相位，來(lai)改變耦合到(dao)高(gao)頻變壓器的(de)波(bo)形寬度，從(cong)而改變輸出給(gei)被充電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)流、電(dian)壓值。
高(gao)頻(pin)整流(liu)濾波電(dian)路將高(gao)頻(pin)變壓(ya)器副邊的(de)高(gao)頻(pin)交流(liu)電(dian)，整流(liu)為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)要求的(de)平(ping)滑直流(liu)電(dian)。
輸出開關電路(lu)在非充(chong)(chong)電狀態下保證主通道與被充(chong)(chong)電池的隔離，防止發生反接造(zao)成的危險(xian)。
放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路實(shi)現"充(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)"的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式，從而改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果和恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的性能(neng)。此外，還可以對電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)未消耗完的待充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)處理(li)。
控制(zhi)單(dan)元接收來(lai)自對話單(dan)元給(gei)定的(de)參數和命(ming)令(ling)，并通過對主(zhu)通道各相關(guan)參數的(de)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)檢測，動態控制(zhi)主(zhu)通道的(de)工作，實(shi)現要求的(de)充(chong)電功能和充(chong)電進程。同時(shi)(shi)為設(she)備提供(gong)多種(zhong)保護。
控制(zhi)單元采(cai)用最新(xin)嵌入式內核芯片(pian)ARM設計。采(cai)集模擬量為(wei)(wei)：4路溫(wen)度、輸出電(dian)流、放電(dian)電(dian)流、輸出電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)池電(dian)壓。控制(zhi)量為(wei)(wei)：輸入開關(guan)、軟啟動、輸出開關(guan)、輸出電(dian)容放電(dian)和(he)ZVT-PWM變換控制(zhi)等
控制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)對話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)之間為RS232全(quan)雙工通信。控制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)接收來自對話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)的各種控制(zhi)命令，并向對話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)實時發送數據。
對(dui)(dui)話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)是整(zheng)機操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)平臺，接收并實現操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者的(de)各(ge)種工(gong)作(zuo)指令，完成各(ge)種工(gong)作(zuo)方式的(de)參數設定、記憶及各(ge)種動靜態參數顯示。對(dui)(dui)話(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)由控制芯片、LCM、參數存儲器和(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)按(an)鍵組成。
當充電(dian)機進入工作狀態(tai)時，設備首(shou)先進行自檢。自檢項目包(bao)括充電(dian)電(dian)池是(shi)否反接、主通道各(ge)部(bu)分是(shi)否正常。
自檢結果將發送給(gei)對話單(dan)元。
自檢正常(chang)時，設備(bei)處于待命狀態，準備(bei)接收由對話(hua)單(dan)元發來的各種命令(ling)及參數，并(bing)按(an)要求開始相(xiang)應的工作(zuo)進程。
自檢故障時，對話(hua)單元顯示故障編號，等待檢修。
2．2 工(gong)作方式
智(zhi)能型全自動快速充電機設(she)計了三種工作方式：便捷方式、智(zhi)能方式和放(fang)電方式。
便(bian)捷方式(shi)(shi)。一種常規的恒(heng)流限壓(ya)(ya)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)電工作方式(shi)(shi)，此方式(shi)(shi)工作時(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電機以(yi)設定(ding)電流向負載電瓶恒(heng)流充(chong)電，當充(chong)電電壓(ya)(ya)達(da)到限制(zhi)電壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)再上升，而充(chong)電電流逐(zhu)漸減小(xiao)。當充(chong)電時(shi)(shi)(shi)間達(da)到設定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電機自動結束充(chong)電過程。此種模式(shi)(shi)充(chong)電，電流不(bu)宜(yi)超過100 A，否則電瓶不(bu)易充(chong)滿，且析氣(qi)量大。
智(zhi)能方式(shi)。一種針對(dui)不同規格型號的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池采(cai)取(qu)不同整定參數(shu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)工作方式(shi)。而對(dui)每一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)池又有三種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)，即初充(chong)(chong)模(mo)式(shi)、恒流模(mo)式(shi)和快速(su)模(mo)式(shi)。
a．初充(chong)模(mo)式。為兩階段的(de)定電(dian)流(liu)、定時(shi)間的(de)自動充(chong)電(dian)方式。主要為新電(dian)池初充(chong)設計(ji)。此(ci)模(mo)式充(chong)電(dian)，兩階段電(dian)流(liu)均(jun)不宜過(guo)大，
b．恒流模式。開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)恒流工作，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓升高到設定值時(shi)轉入穩壓工作，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達到設定時(shi)間或充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)容量滿時(shi)自動停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這是基(ji)本進程。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間足夠長時(shi)，基(ji)本進程會疊(die)(die)加(jia)(jia)周期性的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)脈沖，疊(die)(die)加(jia)(jia)后的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程為(wei)(wei)"充(chong)(chong)-停-放(fang)-停-充(chong)(chong)"。
c． 快(kuai)速模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。快(kuai)速模(mo)式(shi)(shi)包含三個順序階段：恒流(liu)、恒壓和(he)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)維持。恒流(liu)段以大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為特征，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量達(da)到設(she)(she)定容量或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)達(da)到設(she)(she)定值(zhi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升至限定值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)，轉入(ru)恒壓段。恒流(liu)段可(ke)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)恢復(fu)80％左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)容量。恒壓段則(ze)維持恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸減小，當(dang)恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)達(da)到設(she)(she)定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)，自(zi)動轉入(ru)維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。快(kuai)速模(mo)式(shi)(shi)和(he)恒流(liu)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)一樣，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)足夠長時(shi)(shi)，基本進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)疊(die)(die)加(jia)周(zhou)期性的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，疊(die)(die)加(jia)后的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)為"充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)-停(ting)(ting)-放-停(ting)(ting)-充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)"。恒壓過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)容量可(ke)恢復(fu)95％以上(shang)。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)轉入(ru)維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi)，脈沖疊(die)(die)加(jia)停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)是為人工對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功能。進(jin)(jin)入(ru)該方式(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)按照設(she)(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降到設(she)(she)定值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
2．3 技術(shu)性能和參數
1)額定輸入電(dian)壓：380 VAC±10％50 Hz；
2)額定輸出功率：30 kW；
3)直流輸出電流：5-200 A；
4)直流輸出電壓：30～300 V；
5)工作模式(shi)：三種(zhong)，便捷充電、智能(neng)充電和自動放電。智能(neng)充電模式(shi)分(fen)為三種(zhong)充電方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，即初充方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、恒流方(fang)(fang)式(shi)和快速方(fang)(fang)式(shi)；
6)具有自檢功能(neng)；
7)具有電池反接保(bao)護(hu)功能；
8)具有過(guo)流、過(guo)載、短(duan)路(lu)和超溫等保護功能；
3 結語
本設計以大功率IGBT為核心，嵌入先進的智能控制系統，在充電過程中實時檢測電池的充電情況，自動調整充電參數，實現最佳的模式控制。通過"充-停-放-停-充"的脈沖充電方式，實現了可控的去極化功能和最佳的充電工藝要求，提高了充電效率和電池的充電容量，延長了電池的使用壽命，同時設備還具有自檢及多種保護功能，有著廣闊的應用前景。上海(hai)施(shi)能電器(qi)設備有限公(gong)司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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