一種智能型全自動快速充電機的設計
2019/4/3 9:10:35??????點擊：
1 充(chong)電機的現狀
目前，礦(kuang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，無(wu)論(lun)是恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或是先恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)再(zai)恒壓的(de)(de)分段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都(dou)有一個共(gong)同的(de)(de)問題，就是這(zhe)(zhe)種小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)方(fang)式(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)初充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)需70小時以(yi)(yi)上，進(jin)行普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也需10小時以(yi)(yi)上，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)初期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)遠小于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，因而拉長了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)浪費(fei)。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)后期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又(you)大(da)于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)溫度升高，產生大(da)量(liang)析氣，并形(xing)成內(nei)部(bu)硫化結晶，大(da)大(da)縮短了蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)循環(huan)(huan)使用(yong)壽(shou)命，甚(shen)至有可(ke)(ke)(ke)能永久性地損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。這(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)僅造(zao)成了浪費(fei)，也增加了對環(huan)(huan)境的(de)(de)污染。同時，這(zhe)(zhe)種傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機采用(yong)變壓器變壓整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)控硅(gui)控制的(de)(de)途徑，技術落后，設(she)備笨重，可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性也差(cha)。
美國科學家馬斯通過對(dui)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量試(shi)驗研究，提(ti)出了一條鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大(da)(da)。隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)延續(xu)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸按(an)指數規律減小。讓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)按(an)這樣一條理想(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線變化(hua)，就可(ke)以(yi)最大(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)率。同時(shi)(shi)，試(shi)驗表明，采用(yong)脈沖(chong)式的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)除各種(zhong)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)，提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)，延長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)循環(huan)使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)途徑。這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)在(zai)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中適時(shi)(shi)暫停(ting)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并適當加(jia)(jia)入(ru)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停(ting)止(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)歐姆(mu)極(ji)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)失(shi)，濃差極(ji)化(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學極(ji)化(hua)減弱。若能在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中讓其反向放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)迅速消(xiao)(xiao)失(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部溫(wen)度(du)也會因放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而得到有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)控制。脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板有(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)強其韌(ren)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)。同時(shi)(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)失(shi)，脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又可(ke)以(yi)深層次地(di)激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物質，從而大(da)(da)幅度(du)提(ti)高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)容(rong)量。
當前(qian)，帶有(you)自適應(ying)控制技術的脈沖式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)已成(cheng)為礦(kuang)用(yong)電(dian)機(ji)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)的主要發(fa)展方(fang)向。因(yin)此，開發(fa)新一代的智能快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)不僅可以提高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)效率，降低使用(yong)單位(wei)的運營成(cheng)本，同時也具(ju)有(you)節能、環保等(deng)諸方(fang)面的社會(hui)意義。
2 一(yi)種(zhong)智能型全自動快速(su)充電機
2．1 電氣原(yuan)理(li)
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)氣原(yuan)理(li)框圖見(jian)圖1。電(dian)(dian)氣原(yuan)理(li)分為三大(da)部分，即(ji)逆變主通道、檢測控制(zhi)單(dan)元和對話(hua)單(dan)元(顯示操(cao)作單(dan)元)。
逆(ni)變主通道將380 V交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源變換為可(ke)對電(dian)池進行充(chong)電(dian)的(de)可(ke)控(kong)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源，由輸(shu)入回路(lu)、工(gong)頻整流(liu)(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波電(dian)路(lu)、移相(xiang)全(quan)橋(ZVT-PWM)變換電(dian)路(lu)、高(gao)頻整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)濾(lv)波電(dian)路(lu)、輸(shu)出回路(lu)及放電(dian)回路(lu)組成。
輸入(ru)回(hui)路(lu)即供電回(hui)路(lu)，在(zai)非運(yun)行狀態時，可切斷主通道電源。輸入(ru)回(hui)路(lu)設計(ji)有軟啟動功能(neng)，避免啟動沖(chong)擊對回(hui)路(lu)元件造成的損傷。
工頻(pin)整流濾波電路將380 V交流電整流為約550 V的(de)直流電，如圖2所示。
移相(xiang)全橋功率變(bian)(bian)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路是主(zhu)通(tong)道的核心，完成從直流到交流再到直流的變(bian)(bian)換(huan)。如圖3所示。通(tong)過改(gai)變(bian)(bian)橋臂IGBT控制信(xin)號的相(xiang)位，來改(gai)變(bian)(bian)耦合到高頻變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的波(bo)形寬度，從而改(gai)變(bian)(bian)輸出給被充電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)。
高(gao)頻整流濾波(bo)電(dian)路將高(gao)頻變(bian)壓器副邊的(de)(de)高(gao)頻交流電(dian)，整流為(wei)電(dian)池充電(dian)要求的(de)(de)平滑直流電(dian)。
輸出開關(guan)電路在非充(chong)電狀態下保證主通道與被(bei)充(chong)電池的隔離，防止發生反(fan)接造成的危險。
放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)路實現(xian)"充(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)"的充(chong)電(dian)方式(shi)，從而改善電(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)效果和恢復電(dian)池(chi)的性能。此外，還可(ke)以對電(dian)能未消耗完(wan)的待充(chong)電(dian)池(chi)進行放(fang)電(dian)處理。
控(kong)(kong)制單元(yuan)接收來自對(dui)話單元(yuan)給定的參數和(he)(he)命令，并通(tong)過對(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)通(tong)道各(ge)相關參數的實時(shi)(shi)檢測(ce)，動(dong)態控(kong)(kong)制主(zhu)(zhu)通(tong)道的工作，實現(xian)要求的充電(dian)功能和(he)(he)充電(dian)進(jin)程(cheng)。同時(shi)(shi)為設備提(ti)供多種保護(hu)。
控制單(dan)元采(cai)用最新嵌入式內(nei)核芯(xin)片(pian)ARM設(she)計。采(cai)集模擬(ni)量(liang)為(wei)：4路(lu)溫(wen)度、輸(shu)出(chu)電流、放(fang)電電流、輸(shu)出(chu)電壓(ya)和電池電壓(ya)。控制量(liang)為(wei)：輸(shu)入開關(guan)、軟(ruan)啟(qi)動、輸(shu)出(chu)開關(guan)、輸(shu)出(chu)電容放(fang)電和ZVT-PWM變換(huan)控制等
控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)與對話單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)之(zhi)間(jian)為RS232全雙工(gong)通信。控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)接(jie)收來自對話單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)的各種控(kong)制(zhi)命令，并向(xiang)對話單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)實時發送數(shu)據(ju)。
對話單元(yuan)是整機操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)平臺，接收并實現操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者的各(ge)種工作(zuo)(zuo)指令(ling)，完成各(ge)種工作(zuo)(zuo)方式的參數設定、記憶(yi)及(ji)各(ge)種動(dong)靜態(tai)參數顯(xian)示。對話單元(yuan)由(you)控制(zhi)芯片(pian)、LCM、參數存(cun)儲器和操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)按鍵組成。
當充(chong)電機進入工作狀態(tai)時，設備首先進行自(zi)檢。自(zi)檢項目包括充(chong)電電池是(shi)否反接、主(zhu)通道各部分是(shi)否正常(chang)。
自檢結果將發送給對話單元。
自檢(jian)正常時，設備處于待命(ming)狀態，準備接收(shou)由(you)對(dui)話單元發來的各種命(ming)令及參數，并按要(yao)求開始相應的工作進程。
自檢(jian)故(gu)障時(shi)，對話單元顯示故(gu)障編(bian)號，等待檢(jian)修。
2．2 工(gong)作方(fang)式
智能(neng)型全自動快速充(chong)電機設計了三種工(gong)作方(fang)(fang)式：便捷方(fang)(fang)式、智能(neng)方(fang)(fang)式和放電方(fang)(fang)式。
便捷方(fang)式。一(yi)種(zhong)常(chang)規(gui)的恒流(liu)限壓(ya)定(ding)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)式，此方(fang)式工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機以(yi)設定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)向負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到限制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)再上升，而充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸減(jian)小(xiao)。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間達到設定(ding)時間時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機自動結(jie)束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)。此種(zhong)模式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)宜(yi)超過(guo)100 A，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)不(bu)易充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)，且(qie)析氣量大。
智能方式(shi)。一(yi)種針對不同規格(ge)型號的(de)電池(chi)(chi)采取(qu)不同整定參數充電的(de)工作(zuo)方式(shi)。而對每一(yi)種電池(chi)(chi)又有(you)三種充電模式(shi)，即初充模式(shi)、恒流模式(shi)和快速模式(shi)。
a．初(chu)充(chong)(chong)模式。為兩階段(duan)的定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)流、定(ding)(ding)時(shi)間(jian)的自動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式。主要為新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)初(chu)充(chong)(chong)設計。此(ci)模式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，兩階段(duan)電(dian)(dian)流均不宜過(guo)大，
b．恒流模式。開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時為(wei)恒流工(gong)作，當電(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高到設(she)定值時轉入(ru)穩壓工(gong)作，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間達到設(she)定時間或充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)容量滿時自動停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)是基(ji)(ji)本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間足夠(gou)長時，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)會疊加周期性的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)脈沖，疊加后(hou)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)為(wei)"充(chong)(chong)(chong)-停(ting)(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)(ting)-充(chong)(chong)(chong)"。
c． 快速模式。快速模式包含三個順序階段：恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)、恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)和小電(dian)流(liu)(liu)維持(chi)。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)段以大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)為特(te)征，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)量達到設定(ding)容(rong)量或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間達到設定(ding)值或電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)至限定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)束(shu)，轉入(ru)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)段。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)段可(ke)使電(dian)瓶恢復(fu)80％左右的(de)容(rong)量。恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)段則維持(chi)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而(er)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸減小，當(dang)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)達到設定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，自動(dong)轉入(ru)維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。快速模式和恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)模式一樣，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間足夠長時(shi)(shi)(shi)，基本進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)疊(die)加(jia)周期性的(de)放電(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)，疊(die)加(jia)后的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為"充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)-停(ting)-放-停(ting)-充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)"。恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)瓶容(rong)量可(ke)恢復(fu)95％以上。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)轉入(ru)維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，脈(mo)沖(chong)疊(die)加(jia)停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)。放電(dian)方式是(shi)為人工對電(dian)瓶放電(dian)而(er)設計的(de)功能。進入(ru)該方式時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)瓶按照設定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放電(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)瓶電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)到設定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)自動(dong)停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)放電(dian)。
2．3 技術性(xing)能和參數
1)額定(ding)輸(shu)入電(dian)壓：380 VAC±10％50 Hz；
2)額定輸出功率(lv)：30 kW；
3)直(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)出電流(liu)：5-200 A；
4)直流輸(shu)出電壓：30～300 V；
5)工作模式(shi)：三(san)種(zhong)，便捷充(chong)(chong)電、智能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電和自動放電。智能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電模式(shi)分(fen)為三(san)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電方(fang)式(shi)，即初充(chong)(chong)方(fang)式(shi)、恒流方(fang)式(shi)和快(kuai)速方(fang)式(shi)；
6)具有(you)自檢功能；
7)具有電池反接保護功(gong)能；
8)具有過流、過載、短(duan)路和超溫(wen)等保護功能；
3 結語
本設計以大功率IGBT為核心，嵌入先進的智能控制系統，在充電過程中實時檢測電池的充電情況，自動調整充電參數，實現最佳的模式控制。通過"充-停-放-停-充"的脈沖充電方式，實現了可控的去極化功能和最佳的充電工藝要求，提高了充電效率和電池的充電容量，延長了電池的使用壽命，同時設備還具有自檢及多種保護功能，有著廣闊的應用前景。上(shang)海施能(neng)電器(qi)設備有限公(gong)司始建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
目前，礦(kuang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，無(wu)論(lun)是恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或是先恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)再(zai)恒壓的(de)(de)分段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都(dou)有一個共(gong)同的(de)(de)問題，就是這(zhe)(zhe)種小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)方(fang)式(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)初充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)需70小時以(yi)(yi)上，進(jin)行普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也需10小時以(yi)(yi)上，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)初期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)遠小于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，因而拉長了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)浪費(fei)。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)后期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又(you)大(da)于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)溫度升高，產生大(da)量(liang)析氣，并形(xing)成內(nei)部(bu)硫化結晶，大(da)大(da)縮短了蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)循環(huan)(huan)使用(yong)壽(shou)命，甚(shen)至有可(ke)(ke)(ke)能永久性地損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。這(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)僅造(zao)成了浪費(fei)，也增加了對環(huan)(huan)境的(de)(de)污染。同時，這(zhe)(zhe)種傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機采用(yong)變壓器變壓整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)控硅(gui)控制的(de)(de)途徑，技術落后，設(she)備笨重，可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性也差(cha)。
美國科學家馬斯通過對(dui)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量試(shi)驗研究，提(ti)出了一條鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大(da)(da)。隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)延續(xu)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸按(an)指數規律減小。讓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)按(an)這樣一條理想(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線變化(hua)，就可(ke)以(yi)最大(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)率。同時(shi)(shi)，試(shi)驗表明，采用(yong)脈沖(chong)式的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)除各種(zhong)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)，提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)，延長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)循環(huan)使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)途徑。這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)在(zai)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中適時(shi)(shi)暫停(ting)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并適當加(jia)(jia)入(ru)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停(ting)止(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)歐姆(mu)極(ji)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)失(shi)，濃差極(ji)化(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學極(ji)化(hua)減弱。若能在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中讓其反向放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)迅速消(xiao)(xiao)失(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部溫(wen)度(du)也會因放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而得到有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)控制。脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板有(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)強其韌(ren)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)。同時(shi)(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)失(shi)，脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又可(ke)以(yi)深層次地(di)激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物質，從而大(da)(da)幅度(du)提(ti)高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)容(rong)量。
當前(qian)，帶有(you)自適應(ying)控制技術的脈沖式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)已成(cheng)為礦(kuang)用(yong)電(dian)機(ji)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)的主要發(fa)展方(fang)向。因(yin)此，開發(fa)新一代的智能快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)不僅可以提高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)效率，降低使用(yong)單位(wei)的運營成(cheng)本，同時也具(ju)有(you)節能、環保等(deng)諸方(fang)面的社會(hui)意義。
2 一(yi)種(zhong)智能型全自動快速(su)充電機
2．1 電氣原(yuan)理(li)
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)氣原(yuan)理(li)框圖見(jian)圖1。電(dian)(dian)氣原(yuan)理(li)分為三大(da)部分，即(ji)逆變主通道、檢測控制(zhi)單(dan)元和對話(hua)單(dan)元(顯示操(cao)作單(dan)元)。
逆(ni)變主通道將380 V交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源變換為可(ke)對電(dian)池進行充(chong)電(dian)的(de)可(ke)控(kong)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源，由輸(shu)入回路(lu)、工(gong)頻整流(liu)(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波電(dian)路(lu)、移相(xiang)全(quan)橋(ZVT-PWM)變換電(dian)路(lu)、高(gao)頻整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)濾(lv)波電(dian)路(lu)、輸(shu)出回路(lu)及放電(dian)回路(lu)組成。
輸入(ru)回(hui)路(lu)即供電回(hui)路(lu)，在(zai)非運(yun)行狀態時，可切斷主通道電源。輸入(ru)回(hui)路(lu)設計(ji)有軟啟動功能(neng)，避免啟動沖(chong)擊對回(hui)路(lu)元件造成的損傷。
工頻(pin)整流濾波電路將380 V交流電整流為約550 V的(de)直流電，如圖2所示。
移相(xiang)全橋功率變(bian)(bian)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路是主(zhu)通(tong)道的核心，完成從直流到交流再到直流的變(bian)(bian)換(huan)。如圖3所示。通(tong)過改(gai)變(bian)(bian)橋臂IGBT控制信(xin)號的相(xiang)位，來改(gai)變(bian)(bian)耦合到高頻變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的波(bo)形寬度，從而改(gai)變(bian)(bian)輸出給被充電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)。
高(gao)頻整流濾波(bo)電(dian)路將高(gao)頻變(bian)壓器副邊的(de)(de)高(gao)頻交流電(dian)，整流為(wei)電(dian)池充電(dian)要求的(de)(de)平滑直流電(dian)。
輸出開關(guan)電路在非充(chong)電狀態下保證主通道與被(bei)充(chong)電池的隔離，防止發生反(fan)接造成的危險。
放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)路實現(xian)"充(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)"的充(chong)電(dian)方式(shi)，從而改善電(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)效果和恢復電(dian)池(chi)的性能。此外，還可(ke)以對電(dian)能未消耗完(wan)的待充(chong)電(dian)池(chi)進行放(fang)電(dian)處理。
控(kong)(kong)制單元(yuan)接收來自對(dui)話單元(yuan)給定的參數和(he)(he)命令，并通(tong)過對(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)通(tong)道各(ge)相關參數的實時(shi)(shi)檢測(ce)，動(dong)態控(kong)(kong)制主(zhu)(zhu)通(tong)道的工作，實現(xian)要求的充電(dian)功能和(he)(he)充電(dian)進(jin)程(cheng)。同時(shi)(shi)為設備提(ti)供多種保護(hu)。
控制單(dan)元采(cai)用最新嵌入式內(nei)核芯(xin)片(pian)ARM設(she)計。采(cai)集模擬(ni)量(liang)為(wei)：4路(lu)溫(wen)度、輸(shu)出(chu)電流、放(fang)電電流、輸(shu)出(chu)電壓(ya)和電池電壓(ya)。控制量(liang)為(wei)：輸(shu)入開關(guan)、軟(ruan)啟(qi)動、輸(shu)出(chu)開關(guan)、輸(shu)出(chu)電容放(fang)電和ZVT-PWM變換(huan)控制等
控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)與對話單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)之(zhi)間(jian)為RS232全雙工(gong)通信。控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)接(jie)收來自對話單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)的各種控(kong)制(zhi)命令，并向(xiang)對話單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)實時發送數(shu)據(ju)。
對話單元(yuan)是整機操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)平臺，接收并實現操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者的各(ge)種工作(zuo)(zuo)指令(ling)，完成各(ge)種工作(zuo)(zuo)方式的參數設定、記憶(yi)及(ji)各(ge)種動(dong)靜態(tai)參數顯(xian)示。對話單元(yuan)由(you)控制(zhi)芯片(pian)、LCM、參數存(cun)儲器和操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)按鍵組成。
當充(chong)電機進入工作狀態(tai)時，設備首先進行自(zi)檢。自(zi)檢項目包括充(chong)電電池是(shi)否反接、主(zhu)通道各部分是(shi)否正常(chang)。
自檢結果將發送給對話單元。
自檢(jian)正常時，設備處于待命(ming)狀態，準備接收(shou)由(you)對(dui)話單元發來的各種命(ming)令及參數，并按要(yao)求開始相應的工作進程。
自檢(jian)故(gu)障時(shi)，對話單元顯示故(gu)障編(bian)號，等待檢(jian)修。
2．2 工(gong)作方(fang)式
智能(neng)型全自動快速充(chong)電機設計了三種工(gong)作方(fang)(fang)式：便捷方(fang)(fang)式、智能(neng)方(fang)(fang)式和放電方(fang)(fang)式。
便捷方(fang)式。一(yi)種(zhong)常(chang)規(gui)的恒流(liu)限壓(ya)定(ding)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)式，此方(fang)式工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機以(yi)設定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)向負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到限制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)再上升，而充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸減(jian)小(xiao)。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間達到設定(ding)時間時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機自動結(jie)束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)。此種(zhong)模式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)宜(yi)超過(guo)100 A，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)不(bu)易充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)，且(qie)析氣量大。
智能方式(shi)。一(yi)種針對不同規格(ge)型號的(de)電池(chi)(chi)采取(qu)不同整定參數充電的(de)工作(zuo)方式(shi)。而對每一(yi)種電池(chi)(chi)又有(you)三種充電模式(shi)，即初充模式(shi)、恒流模式(shi)和快速模式(shi)。
a．初(chu)充(chong)(chong)模式。為兩階段(duan)的定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)流、定(ding)(ding)時(shi)間(jian)的自動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式。主要為新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)初(chu)充(chong)(chong)設計。此(ci)模式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，兩階段(duan)電(dian)(dian)流均不宜過(guo)大，
b．恒流模式。開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時為(wei)恒流工(gong)作，當電(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高到設(she)定值時轉入(ru)穩壓工(gong)作，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間達到設(she)定時間或充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)容量滿時自動停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)是基(ji)(ji)本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間足夠(gou)長時，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)會疊加周期性的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)脈沖，疊加后(hou)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)為(wei)"充(chong)(chong)(chong)-停(ting)(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)(ting)-充(chong)(chong)(chong)"。
c． 快速模式。快速模式包含三個順序階段：恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)、恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)和小電(dian)流(liu)(liu)維持(chi)。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)段以大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)為特(te)征，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)量達到設定(ding)容(rong)量或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間達到設定(ding)值或電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)至限定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)束(shu)，轉入(ru)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)段。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)段可(ke)使電(dian)瓶恢復(fu)80％左右的(de)容(rong)量。恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)段則維持(chi)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而(er)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸減小，當(dang)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)達到設定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，自動(dong)轉入(ru)維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。快速模式和恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)模式一樣，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間足夠長時(shi)(shi)(shi)，基本進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)疊(die)加(jia)周期性的(de)放電(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)，疊(die)加(jia)后的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為"充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)-停(ting)-放-停(ting)-充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)"。恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)瓶容(rong)量可(ke)恢復(fu)95％以上。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)轉入(ru)維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，脈(mo)沖(chong)疊(die)加(jia)停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)。放電(dian)方式是(shi)為人工對電(dian)瓶放電(dian)而(er)設計的(de)功能。進入(ru)該方式時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)瓶按照設定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放電(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)瓶電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)到設定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)自動(dong)停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)放電(dian)。
2．3 技術性(xing)能和參數
1)額定(ding)輸(shu)入電(dian)壓：380 VAC±10％50 Hz；
2)額定輸出功率(lv)：30 kW；
3)直(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)出電流(liu)：5-200 A；
4)直流輸(shu)出電壓：30～300 V；
5)工作模式(shi)：三(san)種(zhong)，便捷充(chong)(chong)電、智能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電和自動放電。智能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電模式(shi)分(fen)為三(san)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電方(fang)式(shi)，即初充(chong)(chong)方(fang)式(shi)、恒流方(fang)式(shi)和快(kuai)速方(fang)式(shi)；
6)具有(you)自檢功能；
7)具有電池反接保護功(gong)能；
8)具有過流、過載、短(duan)路和超溫(wen)等保護功能；
3 結語
本設計以大功率IGBT為核心，嵌入先進的智能控制系統，在充電過程中實時檢測電池的充電情況，自動調整充電參數，實現最佳的模式控制。通過"充-停-放-停-充"的脈沖充電方式，實現了可控的去極化功能和最佳的充電工藝要求，提高了充電效率和電池的充電容量，延長了電池的使用壽命，同時設備還具有自檢及多種保護功能，有著廣闊的應用前景。上(shang)海施能(neng)電器(qi)設備有限公(gong)司始建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
- 上一篇：一種智能型全自動快速充電機的現狀 2019/4/4
- 下一篇：恒流限壓大功率蓄電池充電機方案 2019/4/3