一種智能型全自動快速充電機的設計
2019/4/3 9:10:35??????點擊：
1 充(chong)電(dian)機的現狀(zhuang)
目前(qian)，礦用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，無論是恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)是先恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)再恒壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)分段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都(dou)有(you)(you)一個共同的(de)(de)(de)問題，就是這種(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)方(fang)式，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)需70小(xiao)(xiao)時以上(shang)，進行普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也需10小(xiao)(xiao)時以上(shang)，這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)遠小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，因而(er)拉長了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)費(fei)。而(er)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)(de)后期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又大于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)溫度升高，產生大量析(xi)氣，并形成(cheng)內部(bu)硫(liu)化結晶，大大縮短了(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環使用壽命(ming)，甚(shen)至有(you)(you)可(ke)能永久(jiu)性地損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這不僅造成(cheng)了(le)浪(lang)費(fei)，也增(zeng)加了(le)對(dui)環境的(de)(de)(de)污染。同時，這種(zhong)傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機采用變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，可(ke)控硅控制的(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑，技術落后，設備笨(ben)重(zhong)，可(ke)靠(kao)性也差。
美國科學家馬斯通過(guo)對(dui)鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量試驗研究，提出了一條(tiao)鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲線。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)。隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延續，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸(jian)按指數規(gui)律減小。讓(rang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流按這樣一條(tiao)理想電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲線變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)最大(da)(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率。同時，試驗表明，采(cai)用脈(mo)沖(chong)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)消除各種極化(hua)(hua)現象，提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)，延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)循(xun)環使用壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效途徑。這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)在(zai)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中適時暫(zan)停(ting)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并適當加入放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停(ting)止時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歐姆極化(hua)(hua)消失(shi)，濃差極化(hua)(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學極化(hua)(hua)減弱。若能在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中讓(rang)其(qi)反向放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則極化(hua)(hua)現象迅速消失(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部溫度(du)也會因放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而得到有(you)效控(kong)制。脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極板有(you)加強其(qi)韌性的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環使用壽(shou)命(ming)。同時，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極化(hua)(hua)現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)消失(shi)，脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又可(ke)以(yi)深層次地激活電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)活性物質，從而大(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)度(du)提高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)效容量。
當前，帶有(you)自(zi)適應控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)的脈沖式充電(dian)機(ji)(ji)已成為礦用電(dian)機(ji)(ji)車(che)充電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的主(zhu)要發展方向。因此，開(kai)發新一(yi)代的智(zhi)能快速充電(dian)機(ji)(ji)不(bu)僅可以提高(gao)充電(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)，降低(di)使用單位的運營(ying)成本，同(tong)時也具有(you)節能、環保等諸方面的社會(hui)意義。
2 一種(zhong)智(zhi)能(neng)型全(quan)自動快速充電(dian)機
2．1 電氣(qi)原(yuan)理(li)
充電(dian)機(ji)電(dian)氣(qi)原(yuan)理框圖見圖1。電(dian)氣(qi)原(yuan)理分(fen)(fen)為(wei)三大部分(fen)(fen)，即逆(ni)變主通道、檢測控制單元(yuan)和對話單元(yuan)(顯示(shi)操作單元(yuan))。
逆(ni)變主通道(dao)將(jiang)380 V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源變換(huan)為可對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)的可控(kong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源，由輸入回路(lu)、工頻(pin)整流(liu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、移相全橋(ZVT-PWM)變換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、高頻(pin)整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、輸出回路(lu)及放電(dian)(dian)回路(lu)組成。
輸入回(hui)路(lu)即供電回(hui)路(lu)，在(zai)非運行狀態(tai)時(shi)，可切斷主通道電源。輸入回(hui)路(lu)設計有(you)軟啟動功(gong)能，避(bi)免啟動沖(chong)擊(ji)對回(hui)路(lu)元件造成(cheng)的損(sun)傷。
工(gong)頻(pin)整(zheng)流(liu)濾(lv)波電路將(jiang)380 V交(jiao)流(liu)電整(zheng)流(liu)為約550 V的直(zhi)流(liu)電，如圖2所示。
移相全(quan)橋(qiao)功率變換(huan)(huan)電路是主(zhu)通道(dao)的核心，完成從(cong)直(zhi)流到(dao)交流再到(dao)直(zhi)流的變換(huan)(huan)。如圖3所示。通過改(gai)變橋(qiao)臂IGBT控制(zhi)信號的相位(wei)，來改(gai)變耦合到(dao)高頻變壓器(qi)的波形寬(kuan)度，從(cong)而改(gai)變輸出(chu)給被(bei)充電池的電流、電壓值。
高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)整流(liu)濾波電路(lu)將高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變壓器副(fu)邊的高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交流(liu)電，整流(liu)為電池充電要求的平滑直流(liu)電。
輸出開關電路在非(fei)充電狀態下(xia)保證主通道與被充電池的隔離，防止發生反接造成(cheng)的危險。
放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路實(shi)現"充(chong)(chong)-停-放-停-充(chong)(chong)"的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式，從而改善電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果和恢(hui)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的性能。此外，還可以對電(dian)(dian)能未消耗完的待充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行放電(dian)(dian)處理。
控制單元(yuan)接收來自(zi)對(dui)話單元(yuan)給定的參數和(he)命令，并通(tong)過對(dui)主(zhu)通(tong)道(dao)各相關參數的實時檢(jian)測，動態控制主(zhu)通(tong)道(dao)的工作，實現要求的充電功(gong)能和(he)充電進(jin)程。同(tong)時為(wei)設備提供多種保(bao)護。
控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元采(cai)用最新嵌入(ru)式(shi)內(nei)核芯片(pian)ARM設計。采(cai)集(ji)模擬量(liang)為(wei)：4路(lu)溫(wen)度、輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)量(liang)為(wei)：輸(shu)入(ru)開關(guan)、軟啟動、輸(shu)出開關(guan)、輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)和ZVT-PWM變換控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)等
控制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元與對(dui)話單(dan)元之間為RS232全雙工通(tong)信。控制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元接(jie)收來自對(dui)話單(dan)元的各種控制(zhi)(zhi)命令，并(bing)向對(dui)話單(dan)元實(shi)時發(fa)送數(shu)據。
對話單元(yuan)是(shi)整(zheng)機操(cao)作平臺，接收并實現(xian)操(cao)作者的各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作指令，完成各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作方式的參數設定、記(ji)憶及各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)動靜態參數顯示。對話單元(yuan)由控制芯片、LCM、參數存儲器和操(cao)作按鍵組成。
當(dang)充電機進(jin)入工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)時，設備首先進(jin)行自檢(jian)。自檢(jian)項目包括充電電池是否反接(jie)、主(zhu)通道各部分是否正常(chang)。
自(zi)檢結果將發(fa)送給(gei)對(dui)話(hua)單(dan)元。
自檢正常時，設備(bei)處于待命狀態，準備(bei)接收由對話單元(yuan)發來(lai)的各(ge)種命令及(ji)參(can)數，并(bing)按要求開始相應的工作進(jin)程(cheng)。
自檢(jian)(jian)故障時(shi)，對話單元(yuan)顯示故障編(bian)號，等待檢(jian)(jian)修。
2．2 工作方式
智能型(xing)全自動快(kuai)速充電機設(she)計(ji)了三(san)種工作方(fang)式：便(bian)捷方(fang)式、智能方(fang)式和放電方(fang)式。
便(bian)捷(jie)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。一種常規(gui)的恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)限壓(ya)定時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，此方(fang)(fang)式(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機以(yi)設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)向負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不再(zai)上升，而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸減小。當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達到設定時(shi)間時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機自動結束充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。此種模式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不宜超過100 A，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶不易充(chong)滿，且析(xi)氣量大。
智(zhi)能方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。一(yi)種針對不同規格型號的電池采取不同整定參數充電的工作方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。而對每一(yi)種電池又有三種充電模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，即初充模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)、恒流模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)和快(kuai)速模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)。
a．初(chu)充(chong)(chong)模式。為兩階段的定(ding)電(dian)流、定(ding)時間的自動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式。主(zhu)要(yao)為新電(dian)池初(chu)充(chong)(chong)設計。此(ci)模式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，兩階段電(dian)流均不(bu)宜過大，
b．恒流模式(shi)。開始充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)為(wei)恒流工作，當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)升高到設定值時(shi)轉入穩(wen)壓(ya)工作，當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)達(da)到設定時(shi)間(jian)或充(chong)電(dian)容(rong)量滿(man)時(shi)自動停止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)，這是基(ji)(ji)本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)。當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)足(zu)夠長時(shi)，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)會疊加周期性的放電(dian)脈沖，疊加后的充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)為(wei)"充(chong)-停-放-停-充(chong)"。
c． 快(kuai)速(su)模式(shi)。快(kuai)速(su)模式(shi)包含三(san)個順序階段(duan)：恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)、恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)和(he)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)維(wei)持。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)段(duan)以(yi)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)為特征，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)量達(da)到設(she)定(ding)容(rong)量或充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間達(da)到設(she)定(ding)值或電(dian)壓(ya)升至限定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結束(shu)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)段(duan)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)段(duan)可(ke)使(shi)電(dian)瓶恢復(fu)80％左右的(de)容(rong)量。恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)段(duan)則維(wei)持恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)結束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，而電(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸減小(xiao)，當(dang)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)達(da)到設(she)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，自動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入維(wei)持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程。快(kuai)速(su)模式(shi)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)模式(shi)一(yi)樣，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間足(zu)夠長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基本進程會(hui)疊(die)加周期性的(de)放(fang)電(dian)脈沖，疊(die)加后的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程為"充(chong)(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)(chong)"。恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)過程結束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)瓶容(rong)量可(ke)恢復(fu)95％以(yi)上。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)進程轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入維(wei)持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，脈沖疊(die)加停(ting)止。放(fang)電(dian)方式(shi)是(shi)為人工對電(dian)瓶放(fang)電(dian)而設(she)計(ji)的(de)功能。進入該方式(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)瓶按照設(she)定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)電(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)瓶電(dian)壓(ya)降到設(she)定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自動停(ting)止放(fang)電(dian)。
2．3 技術性能和參數(shu)
1)額定(ding)輸入電壓：380 VAC±10％50 Hz；
2)額(e)定輸出(chu)功率：30 kW；
3)直流(liu)輸(shu)出電流(liu)：5-200 A；
4)直流輸(shu)出電壓：30～300 V；
5)工作模式(shi)：三種，便捷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和自動放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)分為三種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，即初充(chong)方式(shi)、恒流(liu)方式(shi)和快速方式(shi)；
6)具有自(zi)檢功能；
7)具(ju)有電池反接保護功能；
8)具(ju)有過(guo)流(liu)、過(guo)載、短路和超(chao)溫(wen)等(deng)保護功能；
3 結語
本設計以大功率IGBT為核心，嵌入先進的智能控制系統，在充電過程中實時檢測電池的充電情況，自動調整充電參數，實現最佳的模式控制。通過"充-停-放-停-充"的脈沖充電方式，實現了可控的去極化功能和最佳的充電工藝要求，提高了充電效率和電池的充電容量，延長了電池的使用壽命，同時設備還具有自檢及多種保護功能，有著廣闊的應用前景。上海施能電器設(she)備(bei)有限公(gong)司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
目前(qian)，礦用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，無論是恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)是先恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)再恒壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)分段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都(dou)有(you)(you)一個共同的(de)(de)(de)問題，就是這種(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)方(fang)式，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)需70小(xiao)(xiao)時以上(shang)，進行普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也需10小(xiao)(xiao)時以上(shang)，這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)遠小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，因而(er)拉長了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)費(fei)。而(er)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)(de)后期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又大于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)溫度升高，產生大量析(xi)氣，并形成(cheng)內部(bu)硫(liu)化結晶，大大縮短了(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環使用壽命(ming)，甚(shen)至有(you)(you)可(ke)能永久(jiu)性地損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這不僅造成(cheng)了(le)浪(lang)費(fei)，也增(zeng)加了(le)對(dui)環境的(de)(de)(de)污染。同時，這種(zhong)傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機采用變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，可(ke)控硅控制的(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑，技術落后，設備笨(ben)重(zhong)，可(ke)靠(kao)性也差。
美國科學家馬斯通過(guo)對(dui)鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量試驗研究，提出了一條(tiao)鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲線。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)。隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延續，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸(jian)按指數規(gui)律減小。讓(rang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流按這樣一條(tiao)理想電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲線變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)最大(da)(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率。同時，試驗表明，采(cai)用脈(mo)沖(chong)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)消除各種極化(hua)(hua)現象，提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)，延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)循(xun)環使用壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效途徑。這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)在(zai)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中適時暫(zan)停(ting)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并適當加入放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停(ting)止時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歐姆極化(hua)(hua)消失(shi)，濃差極化(hua)(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學極化(hua)(hua)減弱。若能在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中讓(rang)其(qi)反向放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則極化(hua)(hua)現象迅速消失(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部溫度(du)也會因放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而得到有(you)效控(kong)制。脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極板有(you)加強其(qi)韌性的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環使用壽(shou)命(ming)。同時，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極化(hua)(hua)現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)消失(shi)，脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又可(ke)以(yi)深層次地激活電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)活性物質，從而大(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)度(du)提高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)效容量。
當前，帶有(you)自(zi)適應控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)的脈沖式充電(dian)機(ji)(ji)已成為礦用電(dian)機(ji)(ji)車(che)充電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的主(zhu)要發展方向。因此，開(kai)發新一(yi)代的智(zhi)能快速充電(dian)機(ji)(ji)不(bu)僅可以提高(gao)充電(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)，降低(di)使用單位的運營(ying)成本，同(tong)時也具有(you)節能、環保等諸方面的社會(hui)意義。
2 一種(zhong)智(zhi)能(neng)型全(quan)自動快速充電(dian)機
2．1 電氣(qi)原(yuan)理(li)
充電(dian)機(ji)電(dian)氣(qi)原(yuan)理框圖見圖1。電(dian)氣(qi)原(yuan)理分(fen)(fen)為(wei)三大部分(fen)(fen)，即逆(ni)變主通道、檢測控制單元(yuan)和對話單元(yuan)(顯示(shi)操作單元(yuan))。
逆(ni)變主通道(dao)將(jiang)380 V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源變換(huan)為可對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)的可控(kong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源，由輸入回路(lu)、工頻(pin)整流(liu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、移相全橋(ZVT-PWM)變換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、高頻(pin)整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、輸出回路(lu)及放電(dian)(dian)回路(lu)組成。
輸入回(hui)路(lu)即供電回(hui)路(lu)，在(zai)非運行狀態(tai)時(shi)，可切斷主通道電源。輸入回(hui)路(lu)設計有(you)軟啟動功(gong)能，避(bi)免啟動沖(chong)擊(ji)對回(hui)路(lu)元件造成(cheng)的損(sun)傷。
工(gong)頻(pin)整(zheng)流(liu)濾(lv)波電路將(jiang)380 V交(jiao)流(liu)電整(zheng)流(liu)為約550 V的直(zhi)流(liu)電，如圖2所示。
移相全(quan)橋(qiao)功率變換(huan)(huan)電路是主(zhu)通道(dao)的核心，完成從(cong)直(zhi)流到(dao)交流再到(dao)直(zhi)流的變換(huan)(huan)。如圖3所示。通過改(gai)變橋(qiao)臂IGBT控制(zhi)信號的相位(wei)，來改(gai)變耦合到(dao)高頻變壓器(qi)的波形寬(kuan)度，從(cong)而改(gai)變輸出(chu)給被(bei)充電池的電流、電壓值。
高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)整流(liu)濾波電路(lu)將高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變壓器副(fu)邊的高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交流(liu)電，整流(liu)為電池充電要求的平滑直流(liu)電。
輸出開關電路在非(fei)充電狀態下(xia)保證主通道與被充電池的隔離，防止發生反接造成(cheng)的危險。
放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路實(shi)現"充(chong)(chong)-停-放-停-充(chong)(chong)"的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式，從而改善電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果和恢(hui)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的性能。此外，還可以對電(dian)(dian)能未消耗完的待充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行放電(dian)(dian)處理。
控制單元(yuan)接收來自(zi)對(dui)話單元(yuan)給定的參數和(he)命令，并通(tong)過對(dui)主(zhu)通(tong)道(dao)各相關參數的實時檢(jian)測，動態控制主(zhu)通(tong)道(dao)的工作，實現要求的充電功(gong)能和(he)充電進(jin)程。同(tong)時為(wei)設備提供多種保(bao)護。
控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元采(cai)用最新嵌入(ru)式(shi)內(nei)核芯片(pian)ARM設計。采(cai)集(ji)模擬量(liang)為(wei)：4路(lu)溫(wen)度、輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)量(liang)為(wei)：輸(shu)入(ru)開關(guan)、軟啟動、輸(shu)出開關(guan)、輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)和ZVT-PWM變換控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)等
控制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元與對(dui)話單(dan)元之間為RS232全雙工通(tong)信。控制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元接(jie)收來自對(dui)話單(dan)元的各種控制(zhi)(zhi)命令，并(bing)向對(dui)話單(dan)元實(shi)時發(fa)送數(shu)據。
對話單元(yuan)是(shi)整(zheng)機操(cao)作平臺，接收并實現(xian)操(cao)作者的各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作指令，完成各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作方式的參數設定、記(ji)憶及各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)動靜態參數顯示。對話單元(yuan)由控制芯片、LCM、參數存儲器和操(cao)作按鍵組成。
當(dang)充電機進(jin)入工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)時，設備首先進(jin)行自檢(jian)。自檢(jian)項目包括充電電池是否反接(jie)、主(zhu)通道各部分是否正常(chang)。
自(zi)檢結果將發(fa)送給(gei)對(dui)話(hua)單(dan)元。
自檢正常時，設備(bei)處于待命狀態，準備(bei)接收由對話單元(yuan)發來(lai)的各(ge)種命令及(ji)參(can)數，并(bing)按要求開始相應的工作進(jin)程(cheng)。
自檢(jian)(jian)故障時(shi)，對話單元(yuan)顯示故障編(bian)號，等待檢(jian)(jian)修。
2．2 工作方式
智能型(xing)全自動快(kuai)速充電機設(she)計(ji)了三(san)種工作方(fang)式：便(bian)捷方(fang)式、智能方(fang)式和放電方(fang)式。
便(bian)捷(jie)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。一種常規(gui)的恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)限壓(ya)定時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，此方(fang)(fang)式(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機以(yi)設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)向負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不再(zai)上升，而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸減小。當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達到設定時(shi)間時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機自動結束充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。此種模式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不宜超過100 A，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶不易充(chong)滿，且析(xi)氣量大。
智(zhi)能方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。一(yi)種針對不同規格型號的電池采取不同整定參數充電的工作方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。而對每一(yi)種電池又有三種充電模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，即初充模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)、恒流模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)和快(kuai)速模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)。
a．初(chu)充(chong)(chong)模式。為兩階段的定(ding)電(dian)流、定(ding)時間的自動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式。主(zhu)要(yao)為新電(dian)池初(chu)充(chong)(chong)設計。此(ci)模式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，兩階段電(dian)流均不(bu)宜過大，
b．恒流模式(shi)。開始充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)為(wei)恒流工作，當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)升高到設定值時(shi)轉入穩(wen)壓(ya)工作，當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)達(da)到設定時(shi)間(jian)或充(chong)電(dian)容(rong)量滿(man)時(shi)自動停止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)，這是基(ji)(ji)本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)。當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)足(zu)夠長時(shi)，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)會疊加周期性的放電(dian)脈沖，疊加后的充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)為(wei)"充(chong)-停-放-停-充(chong)"。
c． 快(kuai)速(su)模式(shi)。快(kuai)速(su)模式(shi)包含三(san)個順序階段(duan)：恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)、恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)和(he)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)維(wei)持。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)段(duan)以(yi)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)為特征，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)量達(da)到設(she)定(ding)容(rong)量或充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間達(da)到設(she)定(ding)值或電(dian)壓(ya)升至限定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結束(shu)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)段(duan)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)段(duan)可(ke)使(shi)電(dian)瓶恢復(fu)80％左右的(de)容(rong)量。恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)段(duan)則維(wei)持恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)結束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，而電(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸減小(xiao)，當(dang)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)達(da)到設(she)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，自動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入維(wei)持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程。快(kuai)速(su)模式(shi)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)模式(shi)一(yi)樣，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間足(zu)夠長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基本進程會(hui)疊(die)加周期性的(de)放(fang)電(dian)脈沖，疊(die)加后的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程為"充(chong)(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)(chong)"。恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)過程結束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)瓶容(rong)量可(ke)恢復(fu)95％以(yi)上。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)進程轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入維(wei)持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，脈沖疊(die)加停(ting)止。放(fang)電(dian)方式(shi)是(shi)為人工對電(dian)瓶放(fang)電(dian)而設(she)計(ji)的(de)功能。進入該方式(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)瓶按照設(she)定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)電(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)瓶電(dian)壓(ya)降到設(she)定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自動停(ting)止放(fang)電(dian)。
2．3 技術性能和參數(shu)
1)額定(ding)輸入電壓：380 VAC±10％50 Hz；
2)額(e)定輸出(chu)功率：30 kW；
3)直流(liu)輸(shu)出電流(liu)：5-200 A；
4)直流輸(shu)出電壓：30～300 V；
5)工作模式(shi)：三種，便捷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和自動放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)分為三種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，即初充(chong)方式(shi)、恒流(liu)方式(shi)和快速方式(shi)；
6)具有自(zi)檢功能；
7)具(ju)有電池反接保護功能；
8)具(ju)有過(guo)流(liu)、過(guo)載、短路和超(chao)溫(wen)等(deng)保護功能；
3 結語
本設計以大功率IGBT為核心，嵌入先進的智能控制系統，在充電過程中實時檢測電池的充電情況，自動調整充電參數，實現最佳的模式控制。通過"充-停-放-停-充"的脈沖充電方式，實現了可控的去極化功能和最佳的充電工藝要求，提高了充電效率和電池的充電容量，延長了電池的使用壽命，同時設備還具有自檢及多種保護功能，有著廣闊的應用前景。上海施能電器設(she)備(bei)有限公(gong)司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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