一種智能型全自動快速充電機的設計
2019/4/3 9:10:35??????點擊：
1 充電機的現狀
目(mu)前，礦用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)機車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)、恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)或(huo)是(shi)先恒(heng)流再(zai)恒(heng)壓(ya)的(de)(de)分段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，都有(you)一個共同的(de)(de)問題，就是(shi)這(zhe)種小電(dian)(dian)流慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)方式，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)初充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)需70小時(shi)以(yi)上，進行普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)也(ye)需10小時(shi)以(yi)上，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)初期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流遠小于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，因而拉長了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)浪(lang)費。而在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)后(hou)期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流又大(da)于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部溫度升高，產生大(da)量析氣(qi)，并形(xing)成(cheng)內部硫化(hua)結晶，大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短了(le)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，甚至(zhi)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)永久性(xing)地(di)損壞電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這(zhe)不僅造成(cheng)了(le)浪(lang)費，也(ye)增加了(le)對(dui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)污染。同時(shi)，這(zhe)種傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機采用(yong)(yong)變(bian)壓(ya)器變(bian)壓(ya)整流，可(ke)控硅(gui)控制的(de)(de)途徑，技(ji)術落后(hou)，設備笨重，可(ke)靠性(xing)也(ye)差。
美國科學家馬斯通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量試驗研究，提(ti)出(chu)了一條鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)曲線(xian)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期(qi)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很大(da)(da)(da)。隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)延續，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸按(an)指數規律減小。讓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)按(an)這樣(yang)一條理(li)想電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)曲線(xian)變(bian)化(hua)，就可以最大(da)(da)(da)限度(du)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)。同時(shi)，試驗表(biao)明，采用脈(mo)沖(chong)式的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是消(xiao)除各種(zhong)極化(hua)現象，提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)，延長(chang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)循(xun)環使(shi)用壽命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)有效途徑。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是在對(dui)(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中適(shi)時(shi)暫停充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并適(shi)當加(jia)入放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停止時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)歐姆極化(hua)消(xiao)失，濃差極化(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學極化(hua)減弱。若能在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中讓其(qi)反向放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則極化(hua)現象迅速消(xiao)失，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)溫度(du)也會因放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而得到有效控制。脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板有加(jia)強其(qi)韌性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)效果，可以大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環使(shi)用壽命(ming)。同時(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極化(hua)現象的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)失，脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又可以深層次(ci)地(di)激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質，從而大(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有效容量。
當前(qian)，帶有(you)自適應控制技術的(de)脈沖式充電(dian)機已成為礦用(yong)電(dian)機車充電(dian)機的(de)主要發展方向。因此，開(kai)發新一代的(de)智(zhi)能快速充電(dian)機不僅(jin)可以提高充電(dian)效率，降低(di)使用(yong)單位的(de)運(yun)營(ying)成本，同時也具有(you)節(jie)能、環保等諸(zhu)方面的(de)社會意(yi)義。
2 一種智能型全自動快速充電(dian)機
2．1 電氣(qi)原理
充電機電氣原(yuan)理框圖見圖1。電氣原(yuan)理分為三大部分，即逆變主通道、檢測控制單(dan)元(yuan)和對話單(dan)元(yuan)(顯示操作單(dan)元(yuan))。
逆變主通道(dao)將380 V交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變換(huan)為可對電(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)的可控直流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，由輸(shu)入(ru)回路(lu)(lu)、工(gong)頻整(zheng)流濾波電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、移(yi)相全橋(ZVT-PWM)變換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、高頻整(zheng)流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)濾波電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、輸(shu)出(chu)回路(lu)(lu)及放電(dian)(dian)回路(lu)(lu)組(zu)成。
輸(shu)入(ru)回(hui)路即供電回(hui)路，在非運(yun)行狀態時，可(ke)切斷主通道電源。輸(shu)入(ru)回(hui)路設計有(you)軟啟(qi)動功能，避免啟(qi)動沖擊對回(hui)路元件(jian)造成的損(sun)傷。
工頻整流濾波電(dian)路(lu)將380 V交流電(dian)整流為約550 V的(de)直流電(dian)，如圖(tu)2所(suo)示。
移相(xiang)(xiang)全橋功率變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)電路(lu)是主通道的核心，完成從直流(liu)(liu)到交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)再到直流(liu)(liu)的變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)。如圖3所(suo)示。通過(guo)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)橋臂IGBT控制信號(hao)的相(xiang)(xiang)位，來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)耦合(he)到高頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的波形寬度，從而(er)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)輸出給被(bei)充電池的電流(liu)(liu)、電壓(ya)值。
高頻(pin)(pin)整流濾波電(dian)(dian)路將(jiang)高頻(pin)(pin)變壓器(qi)副邊(bian)的高頻(pin)(pin)交流電(dian)(dian)，整流為電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)要求的平滑直流電(dian)(dian)。
輸出(chu)開關(guan)電(dian)路(lu)在非充(chong)電(dian)狀態下(xia)保證主通道與被充(chong)電(dian)池的(de)隔離，防止(zhi)發生反接造成(cheng)的(de)危險。
放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路實現"充-停(ting)(ting)-放-停(ting)(ting)-充"的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)，從而改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果(guo)和(he)恢復電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)性能。此外，還可以對電(dian)(dian)能未消(xiao)耗完的(de)(de)待充電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)處(chu)理。
控制(zhi)單元接收來(lai)自(zi)對(dui)話單元給定的(de)參數和命(ming)令，并通(tong)過對(dui)主通(tong)道各相關參數的(de)實時(shi)檢測，動態控制(zhi)主通(tong)道的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，實現要求的(de)充電功能和充電進程。同(tong)時(shi)為設備提供多種保護(hu)。
控制單元采(cai)用最(zui)新(xin)嵌入式內核芯片ARM設計。采(cai)集模(mo)擬(ni)量為：4路(lu)溫度(du)、輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流、放電(dian)電(dian)流、輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)池電(dian)壓。控制量為：輸(shu)入開(kai)關(guan)、軟啟動(dong)、輸(shu)出(chu)開(kai)關(guan)、輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)容放電(dian)和(he)ZVT-PWM變換(huan)控制等(deng)
控制(zhi)單元(yuan)與對話(hua)單元(yuan)之間為RS232全雙工通信。控制(zhi)單元(yuan)接收來自對話(hua)單元(yuan)的各種控制(zhi)命令(ling)，并向(xiang)對話(hua)單元(yuan)實時發(fa)送數據(ju)。
對話單(dan)元是(shi)整機操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)平臺(tai)，接收并實現操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者的各種(zhong)工作(zuo)指令，完成各種(zhong)工作(zuo)方式的參數設定、記憶(yi)及各種(zhong)動靜態參數顯(xian)示。對話單(dan)元由控制芯片、LCM、參數存(cun)儲器和(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)按(an)鍵(jian)組成。
當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)機進入(ru)工作狀態時，設備首(shou)先進行(xing)自(zi)檢(jian)(jian)。自(zi)檢(jian)(jian)項目包括充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池是(shi)否反接、主(zhu)通道各部(bu)分是(shi)否正常。
自(zi)檢結果將發送給對話(hua)單元(yuan)。
自檢正常(chang)時，設備(bei)處于(yu)待命狀態，準備(bei)接收由對話單元(yuan)發來的各種命令及參數，并按要(yao)求(qiu)開始(shi)相應的工作進程。
自檢故障時，對話(hua)單(dan)元顯(xian)示故障編號，等(deng)待檢修。
2．2 工作方式(shi)
智能(neng)型全自動(dong)快速充電機設計了三種工作方(fang)(fang)式：便捷方(fang)(fang)式、智能(neng)方(fang)(fang)式和放(fang)電方(fang)(fang)式。
便捷(jie)方式。一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)規(gui)的恒流(liu)限壓(ya)定時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工作方式，此方式工作時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機以設(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)向負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不再上升，而充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸(jian)減小(xiao)。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)達到設(she)定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機自動結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。此種(zhong)(zhong)模式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不宜超過100 A，否(fou)則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶不易充(chong)(chong)滿，且析氣量大(da)。
智能方(fang)式(shi)。一(yi)種(zhong)針(zhen)對不(bu)同規格型號的(de)電池采取(qu)不(bu)同整定參數充(chong)電的(de)工作方(fang)式(shi)。而對每一(yi)種(zhong)電池又有三種(zhong)充(chong)電模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，即初(chu)充(chong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)、恒流模(mo)(mo)式(shi)和(he)快速模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。
a．初充模式(shi)。為兩階(jie)段的(de)定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、定時間的(de)自動(dong)充電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)。主要為新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)初充設(she)計。此模式(shi)充電(dian)(dian)，兩階(jie)段電(dian)(dian)流(liu)均不宜過大，
b．恒(heng)流模(mo)式。開始充(chong)(chong)電時為恒(heng)流工作(zuo)，當(dang)電壓升高到設定值時轉入穩(wen)壓工作(zuo)，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電時間達到設定時間或(huo)充(chong)(chong)電容(rong)量滿(man)時自動停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)電，這(zhe)是基本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電時間足夠長時，基本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)會疊加周期性的(de)放(fang)電脈沖，疊加后的(de)充(chong)(chong)電過程(cheng)為"充(chong)(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)(chong)"。
c． 快速(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)式。快速(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)式包含三個順(shun)序階(jie)段：恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)、恒壓(ya)(ya)和小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)維持(chi)(chi)。恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)段以(yi)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)特征，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到設(she)定(ding)容量(liang)或(huo)(huo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間達到設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升至限定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)束(shu)，轉(zhuan)入恒壓(ya)(ya)段。恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)段可使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)恢復(fu)(fu)80％左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)。恒壓(ya)(ya)段則維持(chi)(chi)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)減小，當(dang)恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)達到設(she)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，自動轉(zhuan)入維持(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程。快速(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)式和恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)(mo)式一(yi)樣，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間足夠長時(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)本進(jin)程會(hui)疊加周期(qi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，疊加后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程為(wei)"充(chong)(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)(chong)"。恒壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)容量(liang)可恢復(fu)(fu)95％以(yi)上。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)程轉(zhuan)入維持(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程時(shi)(shi)(shi)，脈沖疊加停(ting)止(zhi)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是為(wei)人(ren)工(gong)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能。進(jin)入該方式時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)按照設(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)到設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)自動停(ting)止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
2．3 技術(shu)性能和參數
1)額(e)定輸(shu)入電(dian)壓：380 VAC±10％50 Hz；
2)額定輸出功率：30 kW；
3)直(zhi)流輸出電流：5-200 A；
4)直流輸出電(dian)壓(ya)：30～300 V；
5)工作模(mo)式：三種(zhong)，便捷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、智(zhi)能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和(he)自動放電(dian)(dian)。智(zhi)能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)式分為三種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式，即(ji)初充(chong)方式、恒流方式和(he)快速方式；
6)具有自檢(jian)功能；
7)具有電池反(fan)接保護功能；
8)具有(you)過流、過載、短路和超溫等保護(hu)功能；
3 結語
本設計以大功率IGBT為核心，嵌入先進的智能控制系統，在充電過程中實時檢測電池的充電情況，自動調整充電參數，實現最佳的模式控制。通過"充-停-放-停-充"的脈沖充電方式，實現了可控的去極化功能和最佳的充電工藝要求，提高了充電效率和電池的充電容量，延長了電池的使用壽命，同時設備還具有自檢及多種保護功能，有著廣闊的應用前景。上海施能電器設備有(you)限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
目(mu)前，礦用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)機車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)、恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)或(huo)是(shi)先恒(heng)流再(zai)恒(heng)壓(ya)的(de)(de)分段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，都有(you)一個共同的(de)(de)問題，就是(shi)這(zhe)種小電(dian)(dian)流慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)方式，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)初充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)需70小時(shi)以(yi)上，進行普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)也(ye)需10小時(shi)以(yi)上，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)初期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流遠小于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，因而拉長了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)浪(lang)費。而在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)后(hou)期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流又大(da)于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部溫度升高，產生大(da)量析氣(qi)，并形(xing)成(cheng)內部硫化(hua)結晶，大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短了(le)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，甚至(zhi)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)永久性(xing)地(di)損壞電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這(zhe)不僅造成(cheng)了(le)浪(lang)費，也(ye)增加了(le)對(dui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)污染。同時(shi)，這(zhe)種傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機采用(yong)(yong)變(bian)壓(ya)器變(bian)壓(ya)整流，可(ke)控硅(gui)控制的(de)(de)途徑，技(ji)術落后(hou)，設備笨重，可(ke)靠性(xing)也(ye)差。
美國科學家馬斯通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量試驗研究，提(ti)出(chu)了一條鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)曲線(xian)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期(qi)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很大(da)(da)(da)。隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)延續，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸按(an)指數規律減小。讓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)按(an)這樣(yang)一條理(li)想電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)曲線(xian)變(bian)化(hua)，就可以最大(da)(da)(da)限度(du)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)。同時(shi)，試驗表(biao)明，采用脈(mo)沖(chong)式的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是消(xiao)除各種(zhong)極化(hua)現象，提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)，延長(chang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)循(xun)環使(shi)用壽命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)有效途徑。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是在對(dui)(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中適(shi)時(shi)暫停充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并適(shi)當加(jia)入放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停止時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)歐姆極化(hua)消(xiao)失，濃差極化(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學極化(hua)減弱。若能在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中讓其(qi)反向放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則極化(hua)現象迅速消(xiao)失，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)溫度(du)也會因放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而得到有效控制。脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板有加(jia)強其(qi)韌性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)效果，可以大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環使(shi)用壽命(ming)。同時(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極化(hua)現象的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)失，脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又可以深層次(ci)地(di)激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質，從而大(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有效容量。
當前(qian)，帶有(you)自適應控制技術的(de)脈沖式充電(dian)機已成為礦用(yong)電(dian)機車充電(dian)機的(de)主要發展方向。因此，開(kai)發新一代的(de)智(zhi)能快速充電(dian)機不僅(jin)可以提高充電(dian)效率，降低(di)使用(yong)單位的(de)運(yun)營(ying)成本，同時也具有(you)節(jie)能、環保等諸(zhu)方面的(de)社會意(yi)義。
2 一種智能型全自動快速充電(dian)機
2．1 電氣(qi)原理
充電機電氣原(yuan)理框圖見圖1。電氣原(yuan)理分為三大部分，即逆變主通道、檢測控制單(dan)元(yuan)和對話單(dan)元(yuan)(顯示操作單(dan)元(yuan))。
逆變主通道(dao)將380 V交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變換(huan)為可對電(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)的可控直流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，由輸(shu)入(ru)回路(lu)(lu)、工(gong)頻整(zheng)流濾波電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、移(yi)相全橋(ZVT-PWM)變換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、高頻整(zheng)流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)濾波電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、輸(shu)出(chu)回路(lu)(lu)及放電(dian)(dian)回路(lu)(lu)組(zu)成。
輸(shu)入(ru)回(hui)路即供電回(hui)路，在非運(yun)行狀態時，可(ke)切斷主通道電源。輸(shu)入(ru)回(hui)路設計有(you)軟啟(qi)動功能，避免啟(qi)動沖擊對回(hui)路元件(jian)造成的損(sun)傷。
工頻整流濾波電(dian)路(lu)將380 V交流電(dian)整流為約550 V的(de)直流電(dian)，如圖(tu)2所(suo)示。
移相(xiang)(xiang)全橋功率變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)電路(lu)是主通道的核心，完成從直流(liu)(liu)到交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)再到直流(liu)(liu)的變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)。如圖3所(suo)示。通過(guo)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)橋臂IGBT控制信號(hao)的相(xiang)(xiang)位，來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)耦合(he)到高頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的波形寬度，從而(er)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)輸出給被(bei)充電池的電流(liu)(liu)、電壓(ya)值。
高頻(pin)(pin)整流濾波電(dian)(dian)路將(jiang)高頻(pin)(pin)變壓器(qi)副邊(bian)的高頻(pin)(pin)交流電(dian)(dian)，整流為電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)要求的平滑直流電(dian)(dian)。
輸出(chu)開關(guan)電(dian)路(lu)在非充(chong)電(dian)狀態下(xia)保證主通道與被充(chong)電(dian)池的(de)隔離，防止(zhi)發生反接造成(cheng)的(de)危險。
放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路實現"充-停(ting)(ting)-放-停(ting)(ting)-充"的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)，從而改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果(guo)和(he)恢復電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)性能。此外，還可以對電(dian)(dian)能未消(xiao)耗完的(de)(de)待充電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)處(chu)理。
控制(zhi)單元接收來(lai)自(zi)對(dui)話單元給定的(de)參數和命(ming)令，并通(tong)過對(dui)主通(tong)道各相關參數的(de)實時(shi)檢測，動態控制(zhi)主通(tong)道的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，實現要求的(de)充電功能和充電進程。同(tong)時(shi)為設備提供多種保護(hu)。
控制單元采(cai)用最(zui)新(xin)嵌入式內核芯片ARM設計。采(cai)集模(mo)擬(ni)量為：4路(lu)溫度(du)、輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流、放電(dian)電(dian)流、輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)池電(dian)壓。控制量為：輸(shu)入開(kai)關(guan)、軟啟動(dong)、輸(shu)出(chu)開(kai)關(guan)、輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)容放電(dian)和(he)ZVT-PWM變換(huan)控制等(deng)
控制(zhi)單元(yuan)與對話(hua)單元(yuan)之間為RS232全雙工通信。控制(zhi)單元(yuan)接收來自對話(hua)單元(yuan)的各種控制(zhi)命令(ling)，并向(xiang)對話(hua)單元(yuan)實時發(fa)送數據(ju)。
對話單(dan)元是(shi)整機操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)平臺(tai)，接收并實現操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者的各種(zhong)工作(zuo)指令，完成各種(zhong)工作(zuo)方式的參數設定、記憶(yi)及各種(zhong)動靜態參數顯(xian)示。對話單(dan)元由控制芯片、LCM、參數存(cun)儲器和(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)按(an)鍵(jian)組成。
當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)機進入(ru)工作狀態時，設備首(shou)先進行(xing)自(zi)檢(jian)(jian)。自(zi)檢(jian)(jian)項目包括充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池是(shi)否反接、主(zhu)通道各部(bu)分是(shi)否正常。
自(zi)檢結果將發送給對話(hua)單元(yuan)。
自檢正常(chang)時，設備(bei)處于(yu)待命狀態，準備(bei)接收由對話單元(yuan)發來的各種命令及參數，并按要(yao)求(qiu)開始(shi)相應的工作進程。
自檢故障時，對話(hua)單(dan)元顯(xian)示故障編號，等(deng)待檢修。
2．2 工作方式(shi)
智能(neng)型全自動(dong)快速充電機設計了三種工作方(fang)(fang)式：便捷方(fang)(fang)式、智能(neng)方(fang)(fang)式和放(fang)電方(fang)(fang)式。
便捷(jie)方式。一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)規(gui)的恒流(liu)限壓(ya)定時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工作方式，此方式工作時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機以設(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)向負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不再上升，而充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸(jian)減小(xiao)。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)達到設(she)定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機自動結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。此種(zhong)(zhong)模式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不宜超過100 A，否(fou)則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶不易充(chong)(chong)滿，且析氣量大(da)。
智能方(fang)式(shi)。一(yi)種(zhong)針(zhen)對不(bu)同規格型號的(de)電池采取(qu)不(bu)同整定參數充(chong)電的(de)工作方(fang)式(shi)。而對每一(yi)種(zhong)電池又有三種(zhong)充(chong)電模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，即初(chu)充(chong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)、恒流模(mo)(mo)式(shi)和(he)快速模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。
a．初充模式(shi)。為兩階(jie)段的(de)定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、定時間的(de)自動(dong)充電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)。主要為新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)初充設(she)計。此模式(shi)充電(dian)(dian)，兩階(jie)段電(dian)(dian)流(liu)均不宜過大，
b．恒(heng)流模(mo)式。開始充(chong)(chong)電時為恒(heng)流工作(zuo)，當(dang)電壓升高到設定值時轉入穩(wen)壓工作(zuo)，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電時間達到設定時間或(huo)充(chong)(chong)電容(rong)量滿(man)時自動停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)電，這(zhe)是基本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電時間足夠長時，基本(ben)進(jin)程(cheng)會疊加周期性的(de)放(fang)電脈沖，疊加后的(de)充(chong)(chong)電過程(cheng)為"充(chong)(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)(chong)"。
c． 快速(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)式。快速(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)式包含三個順(shun)序階(jie)段：恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)、恒壓(ya)(ya)和小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)維持(chi)(chi)。恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)段以(yi)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)特征，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到設(she)定(ding)容量(liang)或(huo)(huo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間達到設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升至限定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)束(shu)，轉(zhuan)入恒壓(ya)(ya)段。恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)段可使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)恢復(fu)(fu)80％左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)。恒壓(ya)(ya)段則維持(chi)(chi)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)減小，當(dang)恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)達到設(she)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，自動轉(zhuan)入維持(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程。快速(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)式和恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)(mo)式一(yi)樣，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間足夠長時(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)本進(jin)程會(hui)疊加周期(qi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，疊加后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程為(wei)"充(chong)(chong)-停(ting)-放(fang)-停(ting)-充(chong)(chong)"。恒壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)容量(liang)可恢復(fu)(fu)95％以(yi)上。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)程轉(zhuan)入維持(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程時(shi)(shi)(shi)，脈沖疊加停(ting)止(zhi)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是為(wei)人(ren)工(gong)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能。進(jin)入該方式時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)按照設(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)到設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)自動停(ting)止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
2．3 技術(shu)性能和參數
1)額(e)定輸(shu)入電(dian)壓：380 VAC±10％50 Hz；
2)額定輸出功率：30 kW；
3)直(zhi)流輸出電流：5-200 A；
4)直流輸出電(dian)壓(ya)：30～300 V；
5)工作模(mo)式：三種(zhong)，便捷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、智(zhi)能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和(he)自動放電(dian)(dian)。智(zhi)能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)式分為三種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式，即(ji)初充(chong)方式、恒流方式和(he)快速方式；
6)具有自檢(jian)功能；
7)具有電池反(fan)接保護功能；
8)具有(you)過流、過載、短路和超溫等保護(hu)功能；
3 結語
本設計以大功率IGBT為核心，嵌入先進的智能控制系統，在充電過程中實時檢測電池的充電情況，自動調整充電參數，實現最佳的模式控制。通過"充-停-放-停-充"的脈沖充電方式，實現了可控的去極化功能和最佳的充電工藝要求，提高了充電效率和電池的充電容量，延長了電池的使用壽命，同時設備還具有自檢及多種保護功能，有著廣闊的應用前景。上海施能電器設備有(you)限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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