幾種不同充電狀態的性能描述
2019/4/12 17:04:05??????點擊：
1、待機狀態：
在如下(xia)幾種情況(kuang)下(xia)會(hui)處理待機狀態：
a. 輸入電壓(ya)低于電路最低工作電壓(ya)。
b. 電(dian)池電(dian)壓充飽(bao)后。
c. 利用外置開(kai)關強行關斷IC，停止(zhi)IC充電。
待機狀態的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)流特性：充電(dian)(dian)IC無充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸出，IC輸入電(dian)(dian)流在uA級，可以(yi)減小電(dian)(dian)路(lu)損耗。
2、預充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)：如上圖所示。預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)的(de)最佳(jia)電(dian)流(liu)：即當(dang)鋰電(dian)池的(de)初始/空載(zai)電(dian)壓低于預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)閾值時(shi)，首先要經過一個預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)階段(duan)，就單個鋰離(li)子電(dian)池而(er)言，這(zhe)個閾值一般(ban)為3.0V，在此階段(duan)，預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大約為下一個階段(duan)——恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)階段(duan)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)10%左右。
3、恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態：如上圖所示最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)部分，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)已經(jing)大(da)于(yu)預(yu)設電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)閥值而小于(yu)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)4.2V時，此(ci)時IC將以(yi)外掛電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻設定的最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)到等于(yu)最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（4.2V附近）時為止。
。恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)最佳(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：所謂恒流(liu)就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)恒定，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高，此時進入快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段。大(da)多數的(de)恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)設定為0.5~0.8C之間(jian)，可以(yi)理解為0.7C，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)在不(bu)考慮其他因素的(de)情況(kuang)下，大(da)約兩個小時可以(yi)充(chong)滿(man)。之所以(yi)選擇0.7C，是(shi)(shi)因為這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)好地做(zuo)到了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全性的(de)平(ping)衡。
恒流充(chong)電(dian)狀態(tai)時需(xu)要注意的幾個問(wen)題：
1. 在此狀態(tai)下(xia)，IC處于最大充電電流狀態(tai)，此時(shi)(shi)的(de)損耗也(ye)是(shi)也(ye)是(shi)最大的(de)。線性(xing)降壓的(de)損耗計算＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此時(shi)(shi)需要注意IC的(de)最高工作溫度(du)。
2. 因為最高充電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)造成溫升(sheng)的(de)提(ti)高，IC會自動降低最大(da)充電(dian)流。這就是在過熱時(shi)充電(dian)電(dian)流下降的(de)原因。
4、恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)：如上圖所示最大充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)部分，當檢測(ce)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)于或者接近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時。此(ci)時將會以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)4.2V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，而逐步(bu)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。當檢測(ce)到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于最大設定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)1/10時，將會停止(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：就單(dan)節鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)達到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值時，即進入(ru)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)4.2V，在(zai)此(ci)階(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不變(bian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小(xiao)；這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小(xiao)是個依次(ci)遞減過(guo)(guo)程，大多數的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護選擇(ze)0.1C為(wei)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這也(ye)就意(yi)味著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程進入(ru)結束(shu)狀態(tai)。一(yi)(yi)旦充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為(wei)零。在(zai)此(ci)狀態(tai)下(xia)需要注意(yi)的(de)(de)問題就是：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)大最高設定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時可以(yi)(yi)自動關斷，同時，當IC的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保護點在(zai)非正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀態(tai)下(xia)，可以(yi)(yi)自動鎖定(ding)(ding)。
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最(zui)佳充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)核心(xin)是恒流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流設計(ji)，這里要強調的(de)(de)是，大(da)多數便捷式(shi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)較宜設計(ji)為0.5C~0.8C充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如：iPhone的(de)(de)1400mAh容量（容量mAh＝電(dian)(dian)(dian)流mA×時間h）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為例(li)，蘋(pin)果選擇(ze)了(le)0.7C，即蘋(pin)果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流多為1A左右，大(da)部分的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在0.5C--0.8C之間你們可以(yi)選擇(ze)了(le)！
鋰(li)電池最大(da)充電電流嚴格說(shuo)是(shi)由(you)電池結構(gou)決定(ding)的，因(yin)而，各個鋰(li)電池生產(chan)廠家對(dui)此規定(ding)并不一致，有的設(she)定(ding)為(wei)0.6C，便(bian)攜式鋰(li)電池最高的規定(ding)為(wei)1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上海施能(neng)電器設(she)備有(you)限(xian)公司(si)始建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
在如下(xia)幾種情況(kuang)下(xia)會(hui)處理待機狀態：
a. 輸入電壓(ya)低于電路最低工作電壓(ya)。
b. 電(dian)池電(dian)壓充飽(bao)后。
c. 利用外置開(kai)關強行關斷IC，停止(zhi)IC充電。
待機狀態的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)流特性：充電(dian)(dian)IC無充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸出，IC輸入電(dian)(dian)流在uA級，可以(yi)減小電(dian)(dian)路(lu)損耗。
2、預充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)：如上圖所示。預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)的(de)最佳(jia)電(dian)流(liu)：即當(dang)鋰電(dian)池的(de)初始/空載(zai)電(dian)壓低于預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)閾值時(shi)，首先要經過一個預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)階段(duan)，就單個鋰離(li)子電(dian)池而(er)言，這(zhe)個閾值一般(ban)為3.0V，在此階段(duan)，預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大約為下一個階段(duan)——恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)階段(duan)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)10%左右。
3、恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態：如上圖所示最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)部分，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)已經(jing)大(da)于(yu)預(yu)設電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)閥值而小于(yu)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)4.2V時，此(ci)時IC將以(yi)外掛電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻設定的最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)到等于(yu)最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（4.2V附近）時為止。
。恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)最佳(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：所謂恒流(liu)就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)恒定，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高，此時進入快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段。大(da)多數的(de)恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)設定為0.5~0.8C之間(jian)，可以(yi)理解為0.7C，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)在不(bu)考慮其他因素的(de)情況(kuang)下，大(da)約兩個小時可以(yi)充(chong)滿(man)。之所以(yi)選擇0.7C，是(shi)(shi)因為這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)好地做(zuo)到了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全性的(de)平(ping)衡。
恒流充(chong)電(dian)狀態(tai)時需(xu)要注意的幾個問(wen)題：
1. 在此狀態(tai)下(xia)，IC處于最大充電電流狀態(tai)，此時(shi)(shi)的(de)損耗也(ye)是(shi)也(ye)是(shi)最大的(de)。線性(xing)降壓的(de)損耗計算＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此時(shi)(shi)需要注意IC的(de)最高工作溫度(du)。
2. 因為最高充電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)造成溫升(sheng)的(de)提(ti)高，IC會自動降低最大(da)充電(dian)流。這就是在過熱時(shi)充電(dian)電(dian)流下降的(de)原因。
4、恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)：如上圖所示最大充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)部分，當檢測(ce)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)于或者接近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時。此(ci)時將會以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)4.2V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，而逐步(bu)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。當檢測(ce)到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于最大設定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)1/10時，將會停止(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：就單(dan)節鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)達到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值時，即進入(ru)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)4.2V，在(zai)此(ci)階(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不變(bian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小(xiao)；這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小(xiao)是個依次(ci)遞減過(guo)(guo)程，大多數的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護選擇(ze)0.1C為(wei)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這也(ye)就意(yi)味著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程進入(ru)結束(shu)狀態(tai)。一(yi)(yi)旦充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為(wei)零。在(zai)此(ci)狀態(tai)下(xia)需要注意(yi)的(de)(de)問題就是：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)大最高設定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時可以(yi)(yi)自動關斷，同時，當IC的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保護點在(zai)非正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀態(tai)下(xia)，可以(yi)(yi)自動鎖定(ding)(ding)。
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最(zui)佳充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)核心(xin)是恒流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流設計(ji)，這里要強調的(de)(de)是，大(da)多數便捷式(shi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)較宜設計(ji)為0.5C~0.8C充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如：iPhone的(de)(de)1400mAh容量（容量mAh＝電(dian)(dian)(dian)流mA×時間h）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為例(li)，蘋(pin)果選擇(ze)了(le)0.7C，即蘋(pin)果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流多為1A左右，大(da)部分的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在0.5C--0.8C之間你們可以(yi)選擇(ze)了(le)！
鋰(li)電池最大(da)充電電流嚴格說(shuo)是(shi)由(you)電池結構(gou)決定(ding)的，因(yin)而，各個鋰(li)電池生產(chan)廠家對(dui)此規定(ding)并不一致，有的設(she)定(ding)為(wei)0.6C，便(bian)攜式鋰(li)電池最高的規定(ding)為(wei)1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上海施能(neng)電器設(she)備有(you)限(xian)公司(si)始建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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