幾種不同充電狀態的性能描述
2019/4/12 17:04:05??????點擊：
1、待機狀(zhuang)態：
在如下幾種情況下會處(chu)理(li)待機(ji)狀態：
a. 輸(shu)入電壓(ya)低于電路最低工作(zuo)電壓(ya)。
b. 電池電壓(ya)充飽后(hou)。
c. 利用外置開關強(qiang)行關斷IC，停止IC充電。
待(dai)機狀(zhuang)態的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)流特性：充電(dian)(dian)IC無充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)(shu)出，IC輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)流在uA級，可以減小電(dian)(dian)路損耗。
2、預(yu)充(chong)狀態：如上(shang)圖所示。預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的最佳(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：即當鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的初始/空載電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值時(shi)，首先要經過一個預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，就(jiu)單個鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言，這個閾值一般為3.0V，在此階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)約(yue)為下一個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)——恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的10%左右。
3、恒(heng)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態：如上圖所(suo)示最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流部分(fen)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已(yi)經大(da)于(yu)預設電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)閥值而(er)小(xiao)于(yu)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)4.2V時，此時IC將(jiang)以(yi)外(wai)掛電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻設定的最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流來給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充到等于(yu)最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（4.2V附近）時為止。
。恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流充(chong)電時的(de)最佳(jia)電流：所謂恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流就是電流恒(heng)(heng)(heng)定，電壓逐漸(jian)升高(gao)，此時進入快速充(chong)電階段。大多數(shu)的(de)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流充(chong)電電流設定為0.5~0.8C之間，可(ke)以理解為0.7C，也就是在不考慮其他(ta)因(yin)素的(de)情況下，大約兩個小(xiao)時可(ke)以充(chong)滿。之所以選擇0.7C，是因(yin)為這個電流很好地做到(dao)了充(chong)電時間與充(chong)電安全性的(de)平衡。
恒流充(chong)電狀態時(shi)需要注意的幾個(ge)問題：
1. 在此(ci)狀態(tai)下(xia)，IC處(chu)于最大充電電流(liu)狀態(tai)，此(ci)時的(de)損耗也是也是最大的(de)。線(xian)性(xing)降壓的(de)損耗計算＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此(ci)時需要注意(yi)IC的(de)最高工作(zuo)溫度。
2. 因為最(zui)高充電電流(liu)的造成(cheng)溫(wen)升的提高，IC會自動降低最(zui)大(da)充電流(liu)。這就是(shi)在過(guo)熱時充電電流(liu)下降的原因。
4、恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態：如上圖所示最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓部分，當(dang)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等于或者接(jie)近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)會以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)4.2V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而(er)(er)逐步(bu)降壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。當(dang)檢測到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小于最大設定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)1/10時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)會停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：就(jiu)單節鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而(er)(er)言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)達到一定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，即(ji)進入恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)一般為(wei)(wei)4.2V，在此階(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不變(bian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小；這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小是個依次遞(di)減過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，大多數(shu)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護(hu)選擇0.1C為(wei)(wei)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這(zhe)也就(jiu)意(yi)味著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)進入結束狀(zhuang)態。一旦充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束，則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為(wei)(wei)零。在此狀(zhuang)態下(xia)需要注意(yi)的(de)問題就(jiu)是：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)大最高(gao)設定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)自動(dong)關斷(duan)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，當(dang)IC的(de)過(guo)(guo)壓保(bao)護(hu)點在非正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，可以(yi)(yi)自動(dong)鎖定(ding)(ding)(ding)。
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最佳充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)核(he)心是恒流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流設計(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)里要強調的(de)是，大多(duo)數便捷式鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)較宜設計(ji)(ji)為(wei)0.5C~0.8C充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如：iPhone的(de)1400mAh容量(liang)（容量(liang)mAh＝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流mA×時間h）的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)例，蘋(pin)果選(xuan)擇了(le)0.7C，即蘋(pin)果充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流多(duo)為(wei)1A左右，大部分的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在0.5C--0.8C之間你們可以選(xuan)擇了(le)！
鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)最大(da)充電(dian)電(dian)流嚴格說是由電(dian)池(chi)結構決定的(de)，因而(er)，各個(ge)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)生產廠家對此規(gui)定并(bing)不(bu)一致，有(you)的(de)設定為0.6C，便(bian)攜式(shi)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)最高的(de)規(gui)定為1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上(shang)海施(shi)能電器設備(bei)有限公(gong)司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
在如下幾種情況下會處(chu)理(li)待機(ji)狀態：
a. 輸(shu)入電壓(ya)低于電路最低工作(zuo)電壓(ya)。
b. 電池電壓(ya)充飽后(hou)。
c. 利用外置開關強(qiang)行關斷IC，停止IC充電。
待(dai)機狀(zhuang)態的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)流特性：充電(dian)(dian)IC無充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)(shu)出，IC輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)流在uA級，可以減小電(dian)(dian)路損耗。
2、預(yu)充(chong)狀態：如上(shang)圖所示。預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的最佳(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：即當鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的初始/空載電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值時(shi)，首先要經過一個預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，就(jiu)單個鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言，這個閾值一般為3.0V，在此階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)約(yue)為下一個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)——恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的10%左右。
3、恒(heng)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態：如上圖所(suo)示最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流部分(fen)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已(yi)經大(da)于(yu)預設電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)閥值而(er)小(xiao)于(yu)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)4.2V時，此時IC將(jiang)以(yi)外(wai)掛電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻設定的最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流來給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充到等于(yu)最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（4.2V附近）時為止。
。恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流充(chong)電時的(de)最佳(jia)電流：所謂恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流就是電流恒(heng)(heng)(heng)定，電壓逐漸(jian)升高(gao)，此時進入快速充(chong)電階段。大多數(shu)的(de)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流充(chong)電電流設定為0.5~0.8C之間，可(ke)以理解為0.7C，也就是在不考慮其他(ta)因(yin)素的(de)情況下，大約兩個小(xiao)時可(ke)以充(chong)滿。之所以選擇0.7C，是因(yin)為這個電流很好地做到(dao)了充(chong)電時間與充(chong)電安全性的(de)平衡。
恒流充(chong)電狀態時(shi)需要注意的幾個(ge)問題：
1. 在此(ci)狀態(tai)下(xia)，IC處(chu)于最大充電電流(liu)狀態(tai)，此(ci)時的(de)損耗也是也是最大的(de)。線(xian)性(xing)降壓的(de)損耗計算＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此(ci)時需要注意(yi)IC的(de)最高工作(zuo)溫度。
2. 因為最(zui)高充電電流(liu)的造成(cheng)溫(wen)升的提高，IC會自動降低最(zui)大(da)充電流(liu)。這就是(shi)在過(guo)熱時充電電流(liu)下降的原因。
4、恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態：如上圖所示最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓部分，當(dang)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等于或者接(jie)近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)會以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)4.2V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而(er)(er)逐步(bu)降壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。當(dang)檢測到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小于最大設定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)1/10時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)會停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：就(jiu)單節鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而(er)(er)言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)達到一定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，即(ji)進入恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)一般為(wei)(wei)4.2V，在此階(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不變(bian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小；這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小是個依次遞(di)減過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，大多數(shu)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護(hu)選擇0.1C為(wei)(wei)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這(zhe)也就(jiu)意(yi)味著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)進入結束狀(zhuang)態。一旦充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束，則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為(wei)(wei)零。在此狀(zhuang)態下(xia)需要注意(yi)的(de)問題就(jiu)是：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)大最高(gao)設定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)自動(dong)關斷(duan)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，當(dang)IC的(de)過(guo)(guo)壓保(bao)護(hu)點在非正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，可以(yi)(yi)自動(dong)鎖定(ding)(ding)(ding)。
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最佳充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)核(he)心是恒流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流設計(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)里要強調的(de)是，大多(duo)數便捷式鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)較宜設計(ji)(ji)為(wei)0.5C~0.8C充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如：iPhone的(de)1400mAh容量(liang)（容量(liang)mAh＝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流mA×時間h）的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)例，蘋(pin)果選(xuan)擇了(le)0.7C，即蘋(pin)果充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流多(duo)為(wei)1A左右，大部分的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在0.5C--0.8C之間你們可以選(xuan)擇了(le)！
鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)最大(da)充電(dian)電(dian)流嚴格說是由電(dian)池(chi)結構決定的(de)，因而(er)，各個(ge)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)生產廠家對此規(gui)定并(bing)不(bu)一致，有(you)的(de)設定為0.6C，便(bian)攜式(shi)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)最高的(de)規(gui)定為1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上(shang)海施(shi)能電器設備(bei)有限公(gong)司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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