幾種不同充電狀態的性能描述
2019/4/12 17:04:05??????點擊：
1、待機狀(zhuang)態：
在如下幾種情況下會處(chu)理(li)待機狀(zhuang)態：
a. 輸入電壓(ya)低(di)于電路最低(di)工作電壓(ya)。
b. 電(dian)池電(dian)壓充(chong)飽后。
c. 利(li)用外置開關(guan)強(qiang)行關(guan)斷IC，停止IC充電。
待機狀態(tai)的電(dian)(dian)壓電(dian)(dian)流特(te)性：充電(dian)(dian)IC無(wu)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓輸(shu)出，IC輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)uA級，可以減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)路損耗。
2、預(yu)充(chong)狀態：如上(shang)圖所示。預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時的(de)最佳電(dian)(dian)流(liu)：即當鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)初(chu)始/空(kong)載電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)閾值時，首先要經(jing)過一(yi)個預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，就單個鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言(yan)，這(zhe)個閾值一(yi)般為(wei)3.0V，在此階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)約(yue)為(wei)下(xia)一(yi)個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)——恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)10%左右。
3、恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態：如上圖所示最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)部分，在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)已經大(da)于預設(she)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閥值(zhi)而小于最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)4.2V時，此時IC將以外掛電(dian)(dian)阻設(she)定的最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)來給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)到等于最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（4.2V附近）時為止(zhi)。
。恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時的(de)最(zui)佳(jia)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：所謂恒流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)恒定，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升高，此時進入快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段。大多(duo)數(shu)的(de)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)設定為(wei)0.5~0.8C之(zhi)間(jian)，可以(yi)理(li)解為(wei)0.7C，也就(jiu)是(shi)在不考慮其他(ta)因(yin)素的(de)情況下，大約兩個(ge)小時可以(yi)充(chong)滿。之(zhi)所以(yi)選擇0.7C，是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很好(hao)地做到了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)安全性的(de)平衡。
恒流充電狀態時需要注意的幾個問題：
1. 在此(ci)(ci)狀態下，IC處于最(zui)大充(chong)電電流狀態，此(ci)(ci)時的(de)損耗也是也是最(zui)大的(de)。線性(xing)降(jiang)壓(ya)的(de)損耗計算(suan)＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此(ci)(ci)時需要(yao)注意IC的(de)最(zui)高工作溫(wen)度(du)。
2. 因為最高(gao)(gao)充(chong)電電流的造成溫升的提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，IC會自動降(jiang)低(di)最大充(chong)電流。這就是在過熱時充(chong)電電流下降(jiang)的原因。
4、恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)：如上圖所示最(zui)大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓部分，當(dang)檢(jian)測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等于或者(zhe)接近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)。此時(shi)將(jiang)會(hui)以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)4.2V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而逐(zhu)步降壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。當(dang)檢(jian)測(ce)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小(xiao)于最(zui)大(da)(da)設定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)1/10時(shi)，將(jiang)會(hui)停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：就單(dan)節(jie)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)達(da)到一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值時(shi)，即進入(ru)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值一般為4.2V，在(zai)此階段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不變，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減(jian)小(xiao)；這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減(jian)小(xiao)是個(ge)依次遞減(jian)過(guo)程，大(da)(da)多數的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保護選擇0.1C為終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，這也就意(yi)味著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程進入(ru)結束狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。一旦(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)降為零。在(zai)此狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)問題就是：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)大(da)(da)最(zui)高設定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自動關斷(duan)，同時(shi)，當(dang)IC的(de)過(guo)壓保護點在(zai)非(fei)正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自動鎖定(ding)。
鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最佳充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)核心是恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)設計(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)里要強(qiang)調的(de)(de)(de)是，大(da)多(duo)數便捷(jie)式鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)較(jiao)宜設計(ji)(ji)為0.5C~0.8C充電(dian)(dian)，如：iPhone的(de)(de)(de)1400mAh容量（容量mAh＝電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)mA×時(shi)間(jian)(jian)h）的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)為例，蘋果選(xuan)(xuan)擇了0.7C，即蘋果充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)多(duo)為1A左(zuo)右，大(da)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在0.5C--0.8C之間(jian)(jian)你們(men)可以選(xuan)(xuan)擇了！
鋰電池(chi)最大充(chong)電電流(liu)嚴格說(shuo)是由電池(chi)結構決(jue)定的，因(yin)而，各個(ge)鋰電池(chi)生產廠家對此規定并不(bu)一致(zhi)，有(you)的設定為0.6C，便攜(xie)式鋰電池(chi)最高(gao)的規定為1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上海施(shi)能電器設備有限公司始建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
在如下幾種情況下會處(chu)理(li)待機狀(zhuang)態：
a. 輸入電壓(ya)低(di)于電路最低(di)工作電壓(ya)。
b. 電(dian)池電(dian)壓充(chong)飽后。
c. 利(li)用外置開關(guan)強(qiang)行關(guan)斷IC，停止IC充電。
待機狀態(tai)的電(dian)(dian)壓電(dian)(dian)流特(te)性：充電(dian)(dian)IC無(wu)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓輸(shu)出，IC輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)uA級，可以減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)路損耗。
2、預(yu)充(chong)狀態：如上(shang)圖所示。預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時的(de)最佳電(dian)(dian)流(liu)：即當鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)初(chu)始/空(kong)載電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)閾值時，首先要經(jing)過一(yi)個預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，就單個鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言(yan)，這(zhe)個閾值一(yi)般為(wei)3.0V，在此階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)約(yue)為(wei)下(xia)一(yi)個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)——恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)10%左右。
3、恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態：如上圖所示最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)部分，在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)已經大(da)于預設(she)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閥值(zhi)而小于最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)4.2V時，此時IC將以外掛電(dian)(dian)阻設(she)定的最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)來給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)到等于最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（4.2V附近）時為止(zhi)。
。恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時的(de)最(zui)佳(jia)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：所謂恒流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)恒定，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升高，此時進入快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段。大多(duo)數(shu)的(de)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)設定為(wei)0.5~0.8C之(zhi)間(jian)，可以(yi)理(li)解為(wei)0.7C，也就(jiu)是(shi)在不考慮其他(ta)因(yin)素的(de)情況下，大約兩個(ge)小時可以(yi)充(chong)滿。之(zhi)所以(yi)選擇0.7C，是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很好(hao)地做到了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)安全性的(de)平衡。
恒流充電狀態時需要注意的幾個問題：
1. 在此(ci)(ci)狀態下，IC處于最(zui)大充(chong)電電流狀態，此(ci)(ci)時的(de)損耗也是也是最(zui)大的(de)。線性(xing)降(jiang)壓(ya)的(de)損耗計算(suan)＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此(ci)(ci)時需要(yao)注意IC的(de)最(zui)高工作溫(wen)度(du)。
2. 因為最高(gao)(gao)充(chong)電電流的造成溫升的提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，IC會自動降(jiang)低(di)最大充(chong)電流。這就是在過熱時充(chong)電電流下降(jiang)的原因。
4、恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)：如上圖所示最(zui)大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓部分，當(dang)檢(jian)測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等于或者(zhe)接近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)。此時(shi)將(jiang)會(hui)以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)4.2V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而逐(zhu)步降壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。當(dang)檢(jian)測(ce)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小(xiao)于最(zui)大(da)(da)設定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)1/10時(shi)，將(jiang)會(hui)停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：就單(dan)節(jie)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)達(da)到一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值時(shi)，即進入(ru)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值一般為4.2V，在(zai)此階段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不變，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減(jian)小(xiao)；這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減(jian)小(xiao)是個(ge)依次遞減(jian)過(guo)程，大(da)(da)多數的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保護選擇0.1C為終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，這也就意(yi)味著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程進入(ru)結束狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。一旦(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)降為零。在(zai)此狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)問題就是：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)大(da)(da)最(zui)高設定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自動關斷(duan)，同時(shi)，當(dang)IC的(de)過(guo)壓保護點在(zai)非(fei)正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自動鎖定(ding)。
鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最佳充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)核心是恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)設計(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)里要強(qiang)調的(de)(de)(de)是，大(da)多(duo)數便捷(jie)式鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)較(jiao)宜設計(ji)(ji)為0.5C~0.8C充電(dian)(dian)，如：iPhone的(de)(de)(de)1400mAh容量（容量mAh＝電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)mA×時(shi)間(jian)(jian)h）的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)為例，蘋果選(xuan)(xuan)擇了0.7C，即蘋果充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)多(duo)為1A左(zuo)右，大(da)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在0.5C--0.8C之間(jian)(jian)你們(men)可以選(xuan)(xuan)擇了！
鋰電池(chi)最大充(chong)電電流(liu)嚴格說(shuo)是由電池(chi)結構決(jue)定的，因(yin)而，各個(ge)鋰電池(chi)生產廠家對此規定并不(bu)一致(zhi)，有(you)的設定為0.6C，便攜(xie)式鋰電池(chi)最高(gao)的規定為1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上海施(shi)能電器設備有限公司始建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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