幾種不同充電狀態的性能描述
2019/4/12 17:04:05??????點擊：
1、待機狀態：
在如下(xia)幾(ji)種情況下(xia)會處(chu)理待機狀(zhuang)態：
a. 輸(shu)入電壓(ya)低(di)于電路最低(di)工作(zuo)電壓(ya)。
b. 電池電壓充飽后。
c. 利用外置開關強行關斷IC，停止(zhi)IC充(chong)電。
待機狀(zhuang)態的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)流特(te)性：充電(dian)(dian)IC無(wu)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出，IC輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)uA級，可以減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)路損耗。
2、預(yu)充(chong)(chong)狀態：如上(shang)圖所示。預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)的最佳電流(liu)：即當鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)的初始(shi)/空載電壓低于預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電閾(yu)值時(shi)，首先(xian)要經過一(yi)(yi)個預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電階(jie)段(duan)，就單(dan)個鋰(li)(li)離子電池(chi)而(er)言，這個閾(yu)值一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為3.0V，在此階(jie)段(duan)，預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電電流(liu)大約(yue)為下一(yi)(yi)個階(jie)段(duan)——恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電階(jie)段(duan)電流(liu)的10%左(zuo)右。
3、恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態：如上圖所(suo)示最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)部分，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓已經大(da)于預設電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓閥(fa)值而小于最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓4.2V時，此時IC將以(yi)外掛電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)設定(ding)的最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來(lai)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)到等于最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（4.2V附近）時為止。
。恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)最佳電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：所謂恒(heng)流就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升(sheng)高，此時(shi)進入快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。大多數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流設(she)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)0.5~0.8C之間(jian)，可以(yi)理(li)解為(wei)(wei)0.7C，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在不考(kao)慮其(qi)他因素的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，大約兩個(ge)小時(shi)可以(yi)充(chong)滿。之所以(yi)選擇0.7C，是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流很好地做到了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)平衡。
恒流充電狀態時需要注意的幾個問題：
1. 在(zai)此(ci)狀態下(xia)，IC處于(yu)最大充電(dian)電(dian)流狀態，此(ci)時的(de)損耗也(ye)是也(ye)是最大的(de)。線性(xing)降壓的(de)損耗計算＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此(ci)時需要注意IC的(de)最高工作溫度。
2. 因為最(zui)高充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的造(zao)成溫升的提高，IC會自動(dong)降(jiang)低最(zui)大充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。這就是在過熱時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)下降(jiang)的原因。
4、恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態：如上圖所示(shi)最大充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)部(bu)分，當檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等于或者接近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)。此時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)會以(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)4.2V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而(er)逐步(bu)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。當檢測到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于最大設(she)(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)1/10時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)會停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：就單節鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而(er)言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)達(da)到一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，即進入(ru)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)一般為(wei)(wei)4.2V，在此階(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不變(bian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減(jian)小(xiao)；這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減(jian)小(xiao)是(shi)個依次遞減(jian)過(guo)程(cheng)，大多數的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)保護選擇(ze)0.1C為(wei)(wei)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這也就意(yi)味著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)進入(ru)結(jie)束(shu)狀(zhuang)態。一旦充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)零。在此狀(zhuang)態下(xia)需要注意(yi)的(de)問題就是(shi)：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)大最高設(she)(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)可以(yi)自(zi)動關(guan)斷，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，當IC的(de)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)保護點在非正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，可以(yi)自(zi)動鎖(suo)定(ding)。
鋰(li)電(dian)池最佳充電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)核心是恒流充電(dian)時的(de)電(dian)流設計，這里(li)要(yao)強調(diao)的(de)是，大(da)(da)多數便捷(jie)式鋰(li)電(dian)池較(jiao)宜(yi)設計為(wei)0.5C~0.8C充電(dian)，如(ru)：iPhone的(de)1400mAh容量（容量mAh＝電(dian)流mA×時間(jian)h）的(de)電(dian)池為(wei)例(li)，蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)選(xuan)擇了0.7C，即蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)充電(dian)電(dian)流多為(wei)1A左右，大(da)(da)部分的(de)電(dian)池在0.5C--0.8C之間(jian)你們可以選(xuan)擇了！
鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流嚴格(ge)說是由(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)結構決定的(de)，因而(er)，各個鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)生產廠(chang)家對(dui)此規定并不一(yi)致(zhi)，有的(de)設(she)定為0.6C，便攜式(shi)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)高的(de)規定為1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上海(hai)施能電器設(she)備有(you)限公司始(shi)建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
在如下(xia)幾(ji)種情況下(xia)會處(chu)理待機狀(zhuang)態：
a. 輸(shu)入電壓(ya)低(di)于電路最低(di)工作(zuo)電壓(ya)。
b. 電池電壓充飽后。
c. 利用外置開關強行關斷IC，停止(zhi)IC充(chong)電。
待機狀(zhuang)態的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)流特(te)性：充電(dian)(dian)IC無(wu)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出，IC輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)uA級，可以減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)路損耗。
2、預(yu)充(chong)(chong)狀態：如上(shang)圖所示。預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)的最佳電流(liu)：即當鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)的初始(shi)/空載電壓低于預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電閾(yu)值時(shi)，首先(xian)要經過一(yi)(yi)個預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電階(jie)段(duan)，就單(dan)個鋰(li)(li)離子電池(chi)而(er)言，這個閾(yu)值一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為3.0V，在此階(jie)段(duan)，預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電電流(liu)大約(yue)為下一(yi)(yi)個階(jie)段(duan)——恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電階(jie)段(duan)電流(liu)的10%左(zuo)右。
3、恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態：如上圖所(suo)示最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)部分，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓已經大(da)于預設電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓閥(fa)值而小于最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓4.2V時，此時IC將以(yi)外掛電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)設定(ding)的最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來(lai)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)到等于最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（4.2V附近）時為止。
。恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)最佳電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：所謂恒(heng)流就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升(sheng)高，此時(shi)進入快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。大多數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流設(she)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)0.5~0.8C之間(jian)，可以(yi)理(li)解為(wei)(wei)0.7C，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在不考(kao)慮其(qi)他因素的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，大約兩個(ge)小時(shi)可以(yi)充(chong)滿。之所以(yi)選擇0.7C，是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流很好地做到了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)平衡。
恒流充電狀態時需要注意的幾個問題：
1. 在(zai)此(ci)狀態下(xia)，IC處于(yu)最大充電(dian)電(dian)流狀態，此(ci)時的(de)損耗也(ye)是也(ye)是最大的(de)。線性(xing)降壓的(de)損耗計算＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此(ci)時需要注意IC的(de)最高工作溫度。
2. 因為最(zui)高充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的造(zao)成溫升的提高，IC會自動(dong)降(jiang)低最(zui)大充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。這就是在過熱時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)下降(jiang)的原因。
4、恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態：如上圖所示(shi)最大充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)部(bu)分，當檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等于或者接近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)。此時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)會以(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)4.2V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而(er)逐步(bu)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。當檢測到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于最大設(she)(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)1/10時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)會停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：就單節鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而(er)言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)達(da)到一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，即進入(ru)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)一般為(wei)(wei)4.2V，在此階(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不變(bian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減(jian)小(xiao)；這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減(jian)小(xiao)是(shi)個依次遞減(jian)過(guo)程(cheng)，大多數的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)保護選擇(ze)0.1C為(wei)(wei)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這也就意(yi)味著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)進入(ru)結(jie)束(shu)狀(zhuang)態。一旦充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)零。在此狀(zhuang)態下(xia)需要注意(yi)的(de)問題就是(shi)：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)大最高設(she)(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)可以(yi)自(zi)動關(guan)斷，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，當IC的(de)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)保護點在非正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，可以(yi)自(zi)動鎖(suo)定(ding)。
鋰(li)電(dian)池最佳充電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)核心是恒流充電(dian)時的(de)電(dian)流設計，這里(li)要(yao)強調(diao)的(de)是，大(da)(da)多數便捷(jie)式鋰(li)電(dian)池較(jiao)宜(yi)設計為(wei)0.5C~0.8C充電(dian)，如(ru)：iPhone的(de)1400mAh容量（容量mAh＝電(dian)流mA×時間(jian)h）的(de)電(dian)池為(wei)例(li)，蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)選(xuan)擇了0.7C，即蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)充電(dian)電(dian)流多為(wei)1A左右，大(da)(da)部分的(de)電(dian)池在0.5C--0.8C之間(jian)你們可以選(xuan)擇了！
鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流嚴格(ge)說是由(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)結構決定的(de)，因而(er)，各個鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)生產廠(chang)家對(dui)此規定并不一(yi)致(zhi)，有的(de)設(she)定為0.6C，便攜式(shi)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)高的(de)規定為1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上海(hai)施能電器設(she)備有(you)限公司始(shi)建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
- 上一篇：大功率蓄電池充電機常見故障 2019/4/15
- 下一篇：大功率電動汽車充電機的設計 2019/4/12