幾種不同充電狀態的性能描述
2019/4/12 17:04:05??????點擊：
1、待機狀(zhuang)態：
在如(ru)下(xia)幾種情況下(xia)會處(chu)理待機(ji)狀(zhuang)態(tai)：
a. 輸入電壓低于電路最(zui)低工作電壓。
b. 電池電壓充飽后(hou)。
c. 利用外置開關強行關斷IC，停(ting)止IC充電。
待機狀態的電(dian)壓電(dian)流(liu)特性：充(chong)電(dian)IC無充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓輸出，IC輸入電(dian)流(liu)在uA級，可以減小電(dian)路損(sun)耗。
2、預充狀(zhuang)態(tai)：如上圖所示。預充電(dian)時(shi)的最佳電(dian)流(liu)：即當鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)的初始/空(kong)載電(dian)壓低于預充電(dian)閾(yu)值時(shi)，首先(xian)要經過一個(ge)預充電(dian)階段，就單個(ge)鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)而言，這個(ge)閾(yu)值一般為3.0V，在此(ci)階段，預充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大約為下一個(ge)階段——恒流(liu)充電(dian)階段電(dian)流(liu)的10%左右。
3、恒流充(chong)電狀態：如上圖(tu)所示最大充(chong)電電流部分，在電池電壓(ya)已經大于(yu)預設電壓(ya)閥(fa)值(zhi)而小于(yu)最高電壓(ya)4.2V時(shi)，此時(shi)IC將以外掛電阻設定(ding)的(de)最大充(chong)電電流來給(gei)電池充(chong)電。將電池電壓(ya)充(chong)到等(deng)于(yu)最大充(chong)電電壓(ya)（4.2V附近）時(shi)為止。
。恒流充電(dian)時的最(zui)佳電(dian)流：所謂恒流就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)流恒定，電(dian)壓逐(zhu)漸升高，此時進(jin)入快速充電(dian)階(jie)段(duan)。大(da)(da)多數的恒流充電(dian)電(dian)流設定為(wei)0.5~0.8C之間，可以理解為(wei)0.7C，也就是(shi)(shi)在不考慮其他因素的情(qing)況下(xia)，大(da)(da)約(yue)兩個小時可以充滿。之所以選擇0.7C，是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)這個電(dian)流很好地(di)做到了充電(dian)時間與充電(dian)安全性的平衡。
恒(heng)流充電狀(zhuang)態時(shi)需要注意的幾個問題(ti)：
1. 在此狀態下，IC處于最(zui)大(da)充電電流狀態，此時(shi)的損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)也是也是最(zui)大(da)的。線性降壓(ya)的損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)計算(suan)＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此時(shi)需要注意IC的最(zui)高(gao)工作溫度(du)。
2. 因(yin)為最(zui)高充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)造成溫升的(de)提高，IC會自動降低最(zui)大充電(dian)流(liu)。這(zhe)就(jiu)是在過熱時(shi)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)下降的(de)原因(yin)。
4、恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)：如(ru)上圖所示(shi)最(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)部分，當(dang)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)于或者接近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時。此(ci)(ci)時將會以恒定4.2V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，而(er)逐步降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)。當(dang)檢測到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小于最(zui)大(da)設(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)1/10時，將會停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：就(jiu)單(dan)節鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而(er)言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池達到一定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)時，即進入(ru)恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)一般為4.2V，在此(ci)(ci)階段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)變，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減小；這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減小是(shi)個依次(ci)遞減過(guo)程(cheng)，大(da)多數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)選擇0.1C為終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這(zhe)也就(jiu)意味著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)進入(ru)結(jie)束(shu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。一旦充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為零。在此(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)(de)問題就(jiu)是(shi)：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)大(da)最(zui)高設(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時可以自動關斷(duan)，同時，當(dang)IC的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護(hu)點在非正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下，可以自動鎖定。
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最佳(jia)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)核心是(shi)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)設計，這里要強調的(de)(de)是(shi)，大多(duo)數便捷式鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池較宜設計為0.5C~0.8C充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如：iPhone的(de)(de)1400mAh容量(liang)（容量(liang)mAh＝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)mA×時(shi)間(jian)h）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為例，蘋果選擇(ze)了(le)0.7C，即(ji)蘋果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)多(duo)為1A左右，大部分的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在0.5C--0.8C之間(jian)你(ni)們可(ke)以(yi)選擇(ze)了(le)！
鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)最大(da)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)嚴(yan)格說是由電(dian)池(chi)結構決定(ding)的(de)，因而，各個鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)生(sheng)產廠家對此(ci)規定(ding)并不一致，有的(de)設定(ding)為0.6C，便(bian)攜(xie)式鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)最高的(de)規定(ding)為1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上(shang)海施能電器設備有(you)限公(gong)司始建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
在如(ru)下(xia)幾種情況下(xia)會處(chu)理待機(ji)狀(zhuang)態(tai)：
a. 輸入電壓低于電路最(zui)低工作電壓。
b. 電池電壓充飽后(hou)。
c. 利用外置開關強行關斷IC，停(ting)止IC充電。
待機狀態的電(dian)壓電(dian)流(liu)特性：充(chong)電(dian)IC無充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓輸出，IC輸入電(dian)流(liu)在uA級，可以減小電(dian)路損(sun)耗。
2、預充狀(zhuang)態(tai)：如上圖所示。預充電(dian)時(shi)的最佳電(dian)流(liu)：即當鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)的初始/空(kong)載電(dian)壓低于預充電(dian)閾(yu)值時(shi)，首先(xian)要經過一個(ge)預充電(dian)階段，就單個(ge)鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)而言，這個(ge)閾(yu)值一般為3.0V，在此(ci)階段，預充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大約為下一個(ge)階段——恒流(liu)充電(dian)階段電(dian)流(liu)的10%左右。
3、恒流充(chong)電狀態：如上圖(tu)所示最大充(chong)電電流部分，在電池電壓(ya)已經大于(yu)預設電壓(ya)閥(fa)值(zhi)而小于(yu)最高電壓(ya)4.2V時(shi)，此時(shi)IC將以外掛電阻設定(ding)的(de)最大充(chong)電電流來給(gei)電池充(chong)電。將電池電壓(ya)充(chong)到等(deng)于(yu)最大充(chong)電電壓(ya)（4.2V附近）時(shi)為止。
。恒流充電(dian)時的最(zui)佳電(dian)流：所謂恒流就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)流恒定，電(dian)壓逐(zhu)漸升高，此時進(jin)入快速充電(dian)階(jie)段(duan)。大(da)(da)多數的恒流充電(dian)電(dian)流設定為(wei)0.5~0.8C之間，可以理解為(wei)0.7C，也就是(shi)(shi)在不考慮其他因素的情(qing)況下(xia)，大(da)(da)約(yue)兩個小時可以充滿。之所以選擇0.7C，是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)這個電(dian)流很好地(di)做到了充電(dian)時間與充電(dian)安全性的平衡。
恒(heng)流充電狀(zhuang)態時(shi)需要注意的幾個問題(ti)：
1. 在此狀態下，IC處于最(zui)大(da)充電電流狀態，此時(shi)的損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)也是也是最(zui)大(da)的。線性降壓(ya)的損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)計算(suan)＝(VIN-VOUT)×IOUT。此時(shi)需要注意IC的最(zui)高(gao)工作溫度(du)。
2. 因(yin)為最(zui)高充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)造成溫升的(de)提高，IC會自動降低最(zui)大充電(dian)流(liu)。這(zhe)就(jiu)是在過熱時(shi)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)下降的(de)原因(yin)。
4、恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)：如(ru)上圖所示(shi)最(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)部分，當(dang)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)于或者接近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時。此(ci)(ci)時將會以恒定4.2V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，而(er)逐步降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)。當(dang)檢測到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小于最(zui)大(da)設(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)1/10時，將會停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：就(jiu)單(dan)節鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而(er)言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池達到一定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)時，即進入(ru)恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)一般為4.2V，在此(ci)(ci)階段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)變，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減小；這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減小是(shi)個依次(ci)遞減過(guo)程(cheng)，大(da)多數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)選擇0.1C為終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這(zhe)也就(jiu)意味著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)進入(ru)結(jie)束(shu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。一旦充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為零。在此(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)(de)問題就(jiu)是(shi)：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)大(da)最(zui)高設(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時可以自動關斷(duan)，同時，當(dang)IC的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護(hu)點在非正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下，可以自動鎖定。
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最佳(jia)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)核心是(shi)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)設計，這里要強調的(de)(de)是(shi)，大多(duo)數便捷式鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池較宜設計為0.5C~0.8C充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如：iPhone的(de)(de)1400mAh容量(liang)（容量(liang)mAh＝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)mA×時(shi)間(jian)h）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為例，蘋果選擇(ze)了(le)0.7C，即(ji)蘋果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)多(duo)為1A左右，大部分的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在0.5C--0.8C之間(jian)你(ni)們可(ke)以(yi)選擇(ze)了(le)！
鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)最大(da)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)嚴(yan)格說是由電(dian)池(chi)結構決定(ding)的(de)，因而，各個鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)生(sheng)產廠家對此(ci)規定(ding)并不一致，有的(de)設定(ding)為0.6C，便(bian)攜(xie)式鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)最高的(de)規定(ding)為1C。
當然也不能忽視預充電和恒壓充電的電流設計，這兩個過程中，如果初始電壓不低于預充電閾值3.0V，則不存在預充電過程。總的來說，在恒流充電過程前后有一個事前醞釀和運動休整的過程有利于鋰電池的長期使用。上(shang)海施能電器設備有(you)限公(gong)司始建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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