大功率電動汽車充電機的設計
2019/4/12 17:03:08??????點擊：
純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)以鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為動(dong)(dong)力(li)源(yuan)，充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)做功(gong)推動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)。不同于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)油發動(dong)(dong)機汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)需要(yao)(yao)添加汽(qi)(qi)油，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)耗光后通過(guo)外置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)對其進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常單(dan)次行駛里程在(zai)100～200公里。與傳統汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)相(xiang)比(bi)，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)在(zai)使用成本上有著無以比(bi)擬的(de)優勢，百公里約(yue)消耗15度(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，成本8元，僅相(xiang)當于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)油發動(dong)(dong)機汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)成本1/10。目(mu)前，國(guo)家已著手進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)和(he)新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)示范推廣(guang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站則是主要(yao)(yao)環(huan)節之一(yi)，必須與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)其他領(ling)域實現(xian)共同協調發展。
充電模式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)能源供(gong)給系(xi)統主要(yao)由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統和動(dong)力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)構成。另外(wai)，還包(bao)括充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理和煙霧報(bao)警監(jian)(jian)控等(deng)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的重要(yao)組成部分。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)給汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一般分為三(san)種(zhong)方式：普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更換。普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)于(yu)容(rong)量不超(chao)(chao)過5kW的交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V、50Hz的單(dan)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)于(yu)容(rong)量大(da)于(yu)5kW的交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為額定(ding)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)插頭直接插在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)大(da)約需要(yao)4～8小時(shi)。快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為額定(ding)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一般不超(chao)(chao)過700V，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一般不超(chao)(chao)過700A。交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)隔離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的50%～100%，并且輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)，功率(lv)因數應大(da)于(yu)0.85，效(xiao)率(lv)應不小于(yu)90%。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機應能夠保證(zheng)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)動力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫度和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過允許值。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機應具備防輸出短(duan)路(lu)和(he)(he)防反接功能。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機至少能為以下三種(zhong)類型動力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的一種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：鋰離子蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳氫(qing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能電器設(she)備有限(xian)公司始建(jian)于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
充電模式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)能源供(gong)給系(xi)統主要(yao)由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統和動(dong)力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)構成。另外(wai)，還包(bao)括充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理和煙霧報(bao)警監(jian)(jian)控等(deng)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的重要(yao)組成部分。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)給汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一般分為三(san)種(zhong)方式：普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更換。普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)于(yu)容(rong)量不超(chao)(chao)過5kW的交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V、50Hz的單(dan)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)于(yu)容(rong)量大(da)于(yu)5kW的交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為額定(ding)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)插頭直接插在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)大(da)約需要(yao)4～8小時(shi)。快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為額定(ding)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一般不超(chao)(chao)過700V，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一般不超(chao)(chao)過700A。交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)隔離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的50%～100%，并且輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)，功率(lv)因數應大(da)于(yu)0.85，效(xiao)率(lv)應不小于(yu)90%。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機應能夠保證(zheng)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)動力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫度和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過允許值。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機應具備防輸出短(duan)路(lu)和(he)(he)防反接功能。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機至少能為以下三種(zhong)類型動力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的一種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：鋰離子蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳氫(qing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能電器設(she)備有限(xian)公司始建(jian)于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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