大功率電動汽車充電機的設計
2019/4/12 17:03:08??????點擊：
純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)以鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池為(wei)動(dong)力源(yuan)，充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)力做功推動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)。不同(tong)于汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油發動(dong)機(ji)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)需要(yao)添加汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力耗光后通過(guo)外置電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)對其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常單次行(xing)駛里(li)(li)程在(zai)100～200公里(li)(li)。與傳統汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)相(xiang)比(bi)，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)在(zai)使用成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上(shang)有著(zhu)無以比(bi)擬的優勢，百公里(li)(li)約(yue)消耗15度電(dian)(dian)(dian)，成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)8元，僅相(xiang)當于汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油發動(dong)機(ji)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)1/10。目(mu)前，國家已著(zhu)手進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)和新(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的示(shi)范推廣，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站則是主要(yao)環節之一，必(bi)須與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)其(qi)他領域實現共(gong)同(tong)協調發展(zhan)。
充電(dian)模式(shi)
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)能源供給系(xi)統主要(yao)(yao)由供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統和動(dong)(dong)力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池構成。另外(wai)，還包括充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理和煙霧報警(jing)監(jian)(jian)控等(deng)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)重要(yao)(yao)組(zu)成部分。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)給汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)般分為(wei)(wei)(wei)三種方式：普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池更換。普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容(rong)量不超過(guo)5kW的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)220V、50Hz的(de)單相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容(rong)量大(da)于(yu)5kW的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)三相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)插頭直(zhi)接插在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間大(da)約(yue)需要(yao)(yao)4～8小時(shi)。快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)三相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一(yi)(yi)般不超過(guo)700V，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)般不超過(guo)700A。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)隔(ge)離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)50%～100%，并且輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時(shi)，功率因數應(ying)(ying)大(da)于(yu)0.85，效率應(ying)(ying)不小于(yu)90%。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)應能夠保證在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中動力(li)蓄電(dian)(dian)池單體電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度(du)和(he)電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)超過允許值。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)應具備防輸出短路和(he)防反(fan)接功(gong)能。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)至少能為以下三(san)種類型動力(li)蓄電(dian)(dian)池中的一(yi)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)：鋰離子蓄電(dian)(dian)池、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池、鎳(nie)氫蓄電(dian)(dian)池。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能電器設(she)備有限公司始(shi)建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
充電(dian)模式(shi)
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)能源供給系(xi)統主要(yao)(yao)由供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統和動(dong)(dong)力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池構成。另外(wai)，還包括充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理和煙霧報警(jing)監(jian)(jian)控等(deng)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)重要(yao)(yao)組(zu)成部分。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)給汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)般分為(wei)(wei)(wei)三種方式：普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池更換。普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容(rong)量不超過(guo)5kW的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)220V、50Hz的(de)單相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容(rong)量大(da)于(yu)5kW的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)三相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)插頭直(zhi)接插在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間大(da)約(yue)需要(yao)(yao)4～8小時(shi)。快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)三相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一(yi)(yi)般不超過(guo)700V，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)般不超過(guo)700A。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)隔(ge)離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)50%～100%，并且輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時(shi)，功率因數應(ying)(ying)大(da)于(yu)0.85，效率應(ying)(ying)不小于(yu)90%。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)應能夠保證在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中動力(li)蓄電(dian)(dian)池單體電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度(du)和(he)電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)超過允許值。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)應具備防輸出短路和(he)防反(fan)接功(gong)能。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)至少能為以下三(san)種類型動力(li)蓄電(dian)(dian)池中的一(yi)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)：鋰離子蓄電(dian)(dian)池、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池、鎳(nie)氫蓄電(dian)(dian)池。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能電器設(she)備有限公司始(shi)建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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