大功率電動汽車充電機的設計
2019/4/12 17:03:08??????點擊：
純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)以(yi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為動(dong)力(li)(li)源(yuan)，充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)做功推動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)。不同于汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)需要(yao)添加汽(qi)油(you)(you)，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)耗光后通(tong)過(guo)外置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)對其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)常單次(ci)行(xing)駛里程在(zai)(zai)100～200公里。與(yu)傳(chuan)統汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)相比(bi)，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)在(zai)(zai)使用成(cheng)本(ben)上(shang)有(you)著無(wu)以(yi)比(bi)擬的優勢，百公里約消耗15度電(dian)(dian)(dian)，成(cheng)本(ben)8元，僅(jin)相當(dang)于汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)成(cheng)本(ben)1/10。目前，國家已著手進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)和(he)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的示范推廣，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站則是主(zhu)要(yao)環節之(zhi)一，必須(xu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)其(qi)他領(ling)域實現共同協調發(fa)展。
充電模(mo)式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車能源(yuan)供給系統(tong)主要由供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)和(he)動力(li)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)構(gou)成(cheng)。另外，還(huan)包括充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理和(he)煙(yan)霧報警(jing)監控等。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)重要組(zu)成(cheng)部分。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站給汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一般分為(wei)(wei)三(san)種(zhong)方式：普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)換。普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)(yu)容(rong)量不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)5kW的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V、50Hz的(de)(de)單相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)(yu)容(rong)量大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)5kW的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)(de)三(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)插頭直(zhi)接插在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口(kou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間大(da)(da)約需(xu)要4～8小時。快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)(de)三(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一般不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)700V，輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)一般不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)700A。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)隔(ge)離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)50%～100%，并且(qie)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時，功率因數應大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.85，效率應不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)90%。
充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機應能夠保證(zheng)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)動力蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池單體電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、溫度和電(dian)(dian)流不超過允許值。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機應具備防輸出短(duan)路和防反(fan)接功(gong)能。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機至少(shao)能為(wei)以下(xia)三種類型動力蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)的一種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)：鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池、鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池、鎳(nie)氫蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能(neng)電器設備有限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
充電模(mo)式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車能源(yuan)供給系統(tong)主要由供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)和(he)動力(li)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)構(gou)成(cheng)。另外，還(huan)包括充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理和(he)煙(yan)霧報警(jing)監控等。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)重要組(zu)成(cheng)部分。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站給汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一般分為(wei)(wei)三(san)種(zhong)方式：普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)換。普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)(yu)容(rong)量不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)5kW的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V、50Hz的(de)(de)單相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)(yu)容(rong)量大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)5kW的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)(de)三(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)插頭直(zhi)接插在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口(kou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間大(da)(da)約需(xu)要4～8小時。快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)(de)三(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一般不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)700V，輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)一般不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)700A。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)隔(ge)離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)50%～100%，并且(qie)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時，功率因數應大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.85，效率應不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)90%。
充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機應能夠保證(zheng)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)動力蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池單體電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、溫度和電(dian)(dian)流不超過允許值。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機應具備防輸出短(duan)路和防反(fan)接功(gong)能。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機至少(shao)能為(wei)以下(xia)三種類型動力蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)的一種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)：鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池、鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池、鎳(nie)氫蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能(neng)電器設備有限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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