大功率電動汽車充電機的設計
2019/4/12 17:03:08??????點擊：
純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)以鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)動(dong)力源，充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力做(zuo)功(gong)推動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)。不(bu)同于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發動(dong)機(ji)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)需要添加汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油，純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力耗光后(hou)通(tong)過(guo)外置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源對(dui)其進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)常單(dan)次行駛里程在100～200公里。與(yu)傳統汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)相比，純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)在使用(yong)成本(ben)上有(you)著(zhu)無(wu)以比擬的優勢，百公里約消(xiao)耗15度(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，成本(ben)8元，僅相當于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發動(dong)機(ji)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)成本(ben)1/10。目前(qian)，國(guo)家已(yi)著(zhu)手進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)和新能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的示范推廣，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站則是主要環節之一，必須(xu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)其他領域實現共同協(xie)調(diao)發展。
充電模式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車能源供(gong)給系(xi)統主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統和(he)動力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)構成。另(ling)外，還包括(kuo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理和(he)煙霧報警(jing)監(jian)(jian)控等。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成部分(fen)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站給汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)般分(fen)為(wei)三(san)(san)種(zhong)方式：普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更換。普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容(rong)(rong)量不超過(guo)(guo)5kW的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)(shu)入為(wei)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V、50Hz的(de)(de)(de)單相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容(rong)(rong)量大于(yu)5kW的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)(shu)入為(wei)額(e)定(ding)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)插頭(tou)直接(jie)插在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)口，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間大約需要(yao)(yao)4～8小(xiao)時(shi)。快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)(shu)入為(wei)額(e)定(ding)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)般不超過(guo)(guo)700V，輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)般不超過(guo)(guo)700A。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入隔離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)50%～100%，并(bing)且輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)，功(gong)率因數應大于(yu)0.85，效率應不小(xiao)于(yu)90%。
充(chong)電(dian)機應能(neng)(neng)夠保證在充(chong)電(dian)過程中動(dong)力(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)單體電(dian)壓、溫度和(he)電(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過允許值。充(chong)電(dian)機應具(ju)備防輸出短(duan)路和(he)防反接功能(neng)(neng)。充(chong)電(dian)機至少能(neng)(neng)為以下三種類型動(dong)力(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的一種充(chong)電(dian)：鋰離子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳氫蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能電器設備(bei)有限公司(si)始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
充電模式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車能源供(gong)給系(xi)統主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統和(he)動力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)構成。另(ling)外，還包括(kuo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理和(he)煙霧報警(jing)監(jian)(jian)控等。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成部分(fen)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站給汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)般分(fen)為(wei)三(san)(san)種(zhong)方式：普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更換。普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容(rong)(rong)量不超過(guo)(guo)5kW的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)(shu)入為(wei)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V、50Hz的(de)(de)(de)單相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容(rong)(rong)量大于(yu)5kW的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，輸(shu)(shu)入為(wei)額(e)定(ding)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)插頭(tou)直接(jie)插在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)口，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間大約需要(yao)(yao)4～8小(xiao)時(shi)。快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)(shu)入為(wei)額(e)定(ding)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)般不超過(guo)(guo)700V，輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)般不超過(guo)(guo)700A。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入隔離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)50%～100%，并(bing)且輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)，功(gong)率因數應大于(yu)0.85，效率應不小(xiao)于(yu)90%。
充(chong)電(dian)機應能(neng)(neng)夠保證在充(chong)電(dian)過程中動(dong)力(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)單體電(dian)壓、溫度和(he)電(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過允許值。充(chong)電(dian)機應具(ju)備防輸出短(duan)路和(he)防反接功能(neng)(neng)。充(chong)電(dian)機至少能(neng)(neng)為以下三種類型動(dong)力(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的一種充(chong)電(dian)：鋰離子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳氫蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能電器設備(bei)有限公司(si)始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
- 上一篇：幾種不同充電狀態的性能描述 2019/4/12
- 下一篇：充電機的預充/恒流 /恒壓/小恒流/脈充/浮充智能六個階段充 2019/4/11