大功率電動汽車充電機的設計
2019/4/12 17:03:08??????點擊：
純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)以(yi)(yi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池為動(dong)力源(yuan)，充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力做功推動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)。不同(tong)于汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)需(xu)要添加汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油，純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力耗光后通過(guo)外置電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)對其進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常(chang)單次行駛里程在100～200公里。與傳統汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)相比，純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)在使用(yong)成本(ben)上有(you)著(zhu)無以(yi)(yi)比擬的(de)(de)優(you)勢，百公里約消(xiao)耗15度電(dian)(dian)(dian)，成本(ben)8元(yuan)，僅(jin)相當(dang)于汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)成本(ben)1/10。目前，國家已著(zhu)手進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)和新能源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)示范推廣，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站則(ze)是(shi)主要環節之一，必須與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)其他(ta)領域實現(xian)共同(tong)協調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)。
充電模式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)能源供給(gei)系統(tong)主要由(you)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)和動(dong)(dong)力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)構(gou)成。另外，還包括充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理和煙霧報警監控等。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)重要組(zu)成部(bu)分。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站給(gei)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)種(zhong)方式(shi)：普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更換。普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容量(liang)不超(chao)過5kW的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V、50Hz的(de)單相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容量(liang)大(da)于(yu)5kW的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)插(cha)頭直接插(cha)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間大(da)約需要4～8小時。快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不超(chao)過700V，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不超(chao)過700A。交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入隔離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)50%～100%，并且輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時，功率(lv)因數應大(da)于(yu)0.85，效率(lv)應不小于(yu)90%。
充電機(ji)應能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)保證(zheng)在充電過程中動力蓄(xu)電池單體(ti)電壓、溫(wen)度和(he)電流不超過允許(xu)值。充電機(ji)應具備防輸出短(duan)路(lu)和(he)防反接功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。充電機(ji)至(zhi)少能(neng)(neng)為以下(xia)三種類型動力蓄(xu)電池中的(de)一種充電：鋰離子(zi)蓄(xu)電池、鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池、鎳氫蓄(xu)電池。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能(neng)電器設備有限公(gong)司(si)始建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
充電模式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)能源供給(gei)系統(tong)主要由(you)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)和動(dong)(dong)力蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)構(gou)成。另外，還包括充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理和煙霧報警監控等。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)重要組(zu)成部(bu)分。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站給(gei)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)種(zhong)方式(shi)：普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更換。普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容量(liang)不超(chao)過5kW的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)220V、50Hz的(de)單相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于(yu)容量(liang)大(da)于(yu)5kW的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。將交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)插(cha)頭直接插(cha)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間大(da)約需要4～8小時。快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)380V、50Hz的(de)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不超(chao)過700V，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不超(chao)過700A。交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入隔離型AC/DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)50%～100%，并且輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時，功率(lv)因數應大(da)于(yu)0.85，效率(lv)應不小于(yu)90%。
充電機(ji)應能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)保證(zheng)在充電過程中動力蓄(xu)電池單體(ti)電壓、溫(wen)度和(he)電流不超過允許(xu)值。充電機(ji)應具備防輸出短(duan)路(lu)和(he)防反接功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。充電機(ji)至(zhi)少能(neng)(neng)為以下(xia)三種類型動力蓄(xu)電池中的(de)一種充電：鋰離子(zi)蓄(xu)電池、鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池、鎳氫蓄(xu)電池。
動力電池組充電模式采用“恒流―恒壓”兩階段充電模式。充電開始階段，一般采用最優充電倍率(鋰離子電池為0.3C)進行恒流充電。(C是電池的容量，如C=800mAh，1C充電率即充電電流為800mA）在這一階段，由于電池的電動勢較低，即使電池充電電壓不高，電池的充電流也會很大，必須對充電電流加以限制。所以，這一階段的充電叫“恒流”充電，充電電流保持在限流值。隨著充電的延續，電池電動勢不斷上升，充電壓也不斷上升。當電池電壓上升到允許的最高充電電壓時，保持恒壓充電。在這一階段，由于電池電動勢還在不斷上升，而充電電壓又保持不變，所以電池的充電流呈雙曲線趨勢不斷下降，一直下降到零。但在實際充電過程中，當充電電流減小到0.015C時，說明充電已滿就可停止充電。這一階段的充電叫“恒壓”充電，這一階段的充電電壓：U=E+IR為恒壓值。這是鋰離子動力電池組對充電模式的基本要求。此外，充電系統還必須具有自動調節充電參數、自動控制和自動保護功能。尤其在恒壓充電階段，如果單體電池的充電電壓超過允許的充電電壓時，充電機應能自動減小充電電壓和電流，使該電池的充電電壓不超過允許的充電電壓，防止該電池過壓充電。上海施能(neng)電器設備有限公(gong)司(si)始建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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