處理蓄電池充電機突然停電的方法
2019/6/14 9:33:52??????點擊：
處理(li)蓄電池充電機(ji)突然(ran)停電的(de)方法
當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)必(bi)須適時地(di)切(qie)斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則(ze)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將出現大量(liang)出氣、失水和溫升等過(guo)充(chong)反(fan)應(ying)，直接危及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用壽命。因此，必(bi)須隨時監測(ce)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況，保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而又(you)不過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要的(de)(de)停充(chong)控制方法有：
（1）定(ding)時(shi)(shi)控制采用(yong)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)(ke)根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小很容(rong)(rong)易(yi)地確定(ding)，因此(ci)只(zhi)要預先設定(ding)好(hao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一旦時(shi)(shi)間(jian)一到，定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器即可(ke)(ke)發出(chu)信號停充(chong)(chong)(chong)或降(jiang)為涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器可(ke)(ke)由時(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)當，或者由單片機承(cheng)擔(dan)其功能。這(zhe)種方法簡單，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)能根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀態而自(zi)動(dong)調整(zheng)，因此(ci)實際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)能會(hui)出(chu)現有時(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的現象；
（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)控制對(dui)Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言，正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化并(bing)不(bu)明顯，但是，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)時，其內部氣體(ti)壓力將(jiang)迅(xun)速(su)增大，負(fu)極板上氧化反應(ying)使內部發熱(re)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)迅(xun)速(su)上升(sheng)（每分(fen)鐘(zhong)可升(sheng)高幾個攝氏度(du)(du)）。因(yin)此，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的變化，即(ji)可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否已(yi)經充(chong)滿。通(tong)常采(cai)用(yong)兩只熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)分(fen)別檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)，當(dang)兩者溫(wen)差(cha)達到一定值時，即(ji)發出停充(chong)信號(hao)。由于熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)動態響(xiang)應(ying)速(su)度(du)(du)較慢，故不(bu)能及時準確地檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的滿充(chong)狀態；
（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓負增量控(kong)制一般而言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將(jiang)呈(cheng)現下(xia)降趨勢(shi)，據此(ci)(ci)(ci)可(ke)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓出現負增長的(de)(de)(de)時刻作(zuo)為停充(chong)時刻。與溫(wen)度(du)控(kong)制法(fa)相比(bi)，這(zhe)種方法(fa)響應速度(du)快，此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)負增量與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)絕對值無關，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)這(zhe)種停充(chong)控(kong)制方法(fa)可(ke)適應具有(you)不(bu)同單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺點是(shi)一般的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)器靈敏度(du)和(he)可(ke)靠性不(bu)高，同時，當環境溫(wen)度(du)較高時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)小并不(bu)明顯(xian)，因而難(nan)以控(kong)制。
當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)必(bi)須適時地(di)切(qie)斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則(ze)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將出現大量(liang)出氣、失水和溫升等過(guo)充(chong)反(fan)應(ying)，直接危及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用壽命。因此，必(bi)須隨時監測(ce)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況，保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而又(you)不過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要的(de)(de)停充(chong)控制方法有：
（1）定(ding)時(shi)(shi)控制采用(yong)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)(ke)根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小很容(rong)(rong)易(yi)地確定(ding)，因此(ci)只(zhi)要預先設定(ding)好(hao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一旦時(shi)(shi)間(jian)一到，定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器即可(ke)(ke)發出(chu)信號停充(chong)(chong)(chong)或降(jiang)為涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器可(ke)(ke)由時(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)當，或者由單片機承(cheng)擔(dan)其功能。這(zhe)種方法簡單，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)能根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀態而自(zi)動(dong)調整(zheng)，因此(ci)實際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)能會(hui)出(chu)現有時(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的現象；
（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)控制對(dui)Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言，正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化并(bing)不(bu)明顯，但是，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)時，其內部氣體(ti)壓力將(jiang)迅(xun)速(su)增大，負(fu)極板上氧化反應(ying)使內部發熱(re)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)迅(xun)速(su)上升(sheng)（每分(fen)鐘(zhong)可升(sheng)高幾個攝氏度(du)(du)）。因(yin)此，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的變化，即(ji)可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否已(yi)經充(chong)滿。通(tong)常采(cai)用(yong)兩只熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)分(fen)別檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)，當(dang)兩者溫(wen)差(cha)達到一定值時，即(ji)發出停充(chong)信號(hao)。由于熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)動態響(xiang)應(ying)速(su)度(du)(du)較慢，故不(bu)能及時準確地檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的滿充(chong)狀態；
（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓負增量控(kong)制一般而言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將(jiang)呈(cheng)現下(xia)降趨勢(shi)，據此(ci)(ci)(ci)可(ke)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓出現負增長的(de)(de)(de)時刻作(zuo)為停充(chong)時刻。與溫(wen)度(du)控(kong)制法(fa)相比(bi)，這(zhe)種方法(fa)響應速度(du)快，此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)負增量與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)絕對值無關，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)這(zhe)種停充(chong)控(kong)制方法(fa)可(ke)適應具有(you)不(bu)同單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺點是(shi)一般的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)器靈敏度(du)和(he)可(ke)靠性不(bu)高，同時，當環境溫(wen)度(du)較高時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)小并不(bu)明顯(xian)，因而難(nan)以控(kong)制。
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