處理蓄電池充電機突然停電的方法
2019/6/14 9:33:52??????點擊：
處理蓄電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)機突然停電(dian)的方(fang)法
當(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)必須適時地切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池將出(chu)現大量出(chu)氣、失水和溫升等(deng)過充(chong)反(fan)應，直接危及蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用(yong)壽命。因(yin)此，必須隨時監(jian)測(ce)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況，保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)而又不(bu)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要的停充(chong)控制方法(fa)有(you)：
（1）定(ding)(ding)時(shi)控(kong)制采用恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)可根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的大(da)小很容(rong)易地確(que)定(ding)(ding)，因此只(zhi)要(yao)預先設定(ding)(ding)好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，一(yi)旦時(shi)間(jian)一(yi)到，定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)即可發出(chu)信號停充(chong)或降為涓流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)可由時(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)充(chong)當，或者(zhe)由單片機(ji)承擔其功能。這種(zhong)方法簡單，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)不能根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀態而自(zi)動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，可能會出(chu)現有時(shi)欠充(chong)、有時(shi)過充(chong)的現象；
（2）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控制(zhi)對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言，正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)并不明(ming)顯，但是，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)時(shi)，其(qi)內(nei)部氣體壓力將迅速增大(da)，負極(ji)板(ban)上氧化(hua)反應使內(nei)部發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)迅速上升(sheng)（每分鐘可(ke)升(sheng)高幾個攝氏度(du)(du)）。因此，觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，即(ji)可(ke)判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否已經充(chong)(chong)滿。通常采用兩(liang)只熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分別檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，當兩(liang)者溫(wen)(wen)差達到(dao)(dao)一(yi)定值時(shi)，即(ji)發出停充(chong)(chong)信(xin)號。由于熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態響應速度(du)(du)較慢，故(gu)不能(neng)及時(shi)準確地檢測(ce)(ce)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)滿充(chong)(chong)狀態；
（3）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負增(zeng)量控(kong)制一般而言，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充足電(dian)(dian)后，其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將(jiang)呈現下降趨勢，據此可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出(chu)現負增(zeng)長的(de)(de)時(shi)刻(ke)作為停充時(shi)刻(ke)。與(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)控(kong)制法(fa)相(xiang)比，這種方(fang)法(fa)響應速(su)度(du)(du)快(kuai)，此外，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)負增(zeng)量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)無(wu)關，因(yin)(yin)此這種停充控(kong)制方(fang)法(fa)可適應具有不(bu)(bu)同(tong)單(dan)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)數(shu)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)。此方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)缺點是一般的(de)(de)檢測器靈(ling)敏度(du)(du)和可靠性不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，同(tong)時(shi)，當環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)較高(gao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充足電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)減小并(bing)不(bu)(bu)明顯，因(yin)(yin)而難以控(kong)制。
當(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)必須適時地切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池將出(chu)現大量出(chu)氣、失水和溫升等(deng)過充(chong)反(fan)應，直接危及蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用(yong)壽命。因(yin)此，必須隨時監(jian)測(ce)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況，保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)而又不(bu)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要的停充(chong)控制方法(fa)有(you)：
（1）定(ding)(ding)時(shi)控(kong)制采用恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)可根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的大(da)小很容(rong)易地確(que)定(ding)(ding)，因此只(zhi)要(yao)預先設定(ding)(ding)好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，一(yi)旦時(shi)間(jian)一(yi)到，定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)即可發出(chu)信號停充(chong)或降為涓流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)可由時(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)充(chong)當，或者(zhe)由單片機(ji)承擔其功能。這種(zhong)方法簡單，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)不能根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀態而自(zi)動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，可能會出(chu)現有時(shi)欠充(chong)、有時(shi)過充(chong)的現象；
（2）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控制(zhi)對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言，正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)并不明(ming)顯，但是，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)時(shi)，其(qi)內(nei)部氣體壓力將迅速增大(da)，負極(ji)板(ban)上氧化(hua)反應使內(nei)部發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)迅速上升(sheng)（每分鐘可(ke)升(sheng)高幾個攝氏度(du)(du)）。因此，觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，即(ji)可(ke)判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否已經充(chong)(chong)滿。通常采用兩(liang)只熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分別檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，當兩(liang)者溫(wen)(wen)差達到(dao)(dao)一(yi)定值時(shi)，即(ji)發出停充(chong)(chong)信(xin)號。由于熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態響應速度(du)(du)較慢，故(gu)不能(neng)及時(shi)準確地檢測(ce)(ce)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)滿充(chong)(chong)狀態；
（3）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負增(zeng)量控(kong)制一般而言，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充足電(dian)(dian)后，其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將(jiang)呈現下降趨勢，據此可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出(chu)現負增(zeng)長的(de)(de)時(shi)刻(ke)作為停充時(shi)刻(ke)。與(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)控(kong)制法(fa)相(xiang)比，這種方(fang)法(fa)響應速(su)度(du)(du)快(kuai)，此外，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)負增(zeng)量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)無(wu)關，因(yin)(yin)此這種停充控(kong)制方(fang)法(fa)可適應具有不(bu)(bu)同(tong)單(dan)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)數(shu)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)。此方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)缺點是一般的(de)(de)檢測器靈(ling)敏度(du)(du)和可靠性不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，同(tong)時(shi)，當環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)較高(gao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充足電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)減小并(bing)不(bu)(bu)明顯，因(yin)(yin)而難以控(kong)制。
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