處理蓄電池充電機突然停電的方法
2019/6/14 9:33:52??????點擊：
處理蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)機突然(ran)停電(dian)的(de)方(fang)法
當(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)必(bi)須適時(shi)地(di)切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將出現大量出氣(qi)、失水(shui)和溫升等(deng)過充(chong)反(fan)應，直接危及蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)。因(yin)此，必(bi)須隨時(shi)監測蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)又不過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主(zhu)要的(de)停(ting)充(chong)控制方法(fa)有：
（1）定(ding)時(shi)(shi)控制采用恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)可根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)大小(xiao)很容易地確(que)定(ding)，因此只要(yao)預(yu)先設(she)定(ding)好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，一旦時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)一到(dao)，定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器(qi)即可發出信(xin)號停充(chong)或降(jiang)為(wei)涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器(qi)可由(you)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)當，或者由(you)單(dan)片機承擔(dan)其功能。這種方法簡單(dan)，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不能根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀態而自動調整，因此實際充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，可能會出現有時(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)過充(chong)的(de)現象；
（2）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)控制對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言，正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度(du)(du)變化(hua)并(bing)不(bu)明顯，但(dan)是，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)時，其內(nei)部氣體(ti)壓力(li)將(jiang)迅速(su)增大(da)，負極板上氧化(hua)反應使內(nei)部發熱(re)，溫度(du)(du)迅速(su)上升（每分鐘(zhong)可升高幾(ji)個(ge)攝(she)氏度(du)(du)）。因此，觀察電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)的(de)變化(hua)，即可判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否已經充(chong)(chong)滿(man)。通(tong)常(chang)采用兩只熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻分別檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)和環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)，當(dang)(dang)兩者(zhe)溫差達到一(yi)定值時，即發出停充(chong)(chong)信號。由于熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻動態(tai)(tai)響應速(su)度(du)(du)較慢，故不(bu)能(neng)及時準確地(di)檢測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)滿(man)充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)(tai)；
（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)(fu)(fu)增量控制一般而言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，其(qi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將呈現下(xia)降(jiang)趨勢，據(ju)此(ci)(ci)可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出現負(fu)(fu)(fu)增長的時刻作為停充(chong)時刻。與溫度(du)控制法(fa)相比，這(zhe)種(zhong)方法(fa)響應速(su)度(du)快，此(ci)(ci)外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的負(fu)(fu)(fu)增量與電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的絕對(dui)值無關，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)這(zhe)種(zhong)停充(chong)控制方法(fa)可(ke)適(shi)應具有不同(tong)單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)數的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)(ci)方法(fa)的缺點是一般的檢測器靈敏(min)度(du)和可(ke)靠性不高，同(tong)時，當環境溫度(du)較(jiao)高時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的減小并不明顯，因(yin)而難(nan)以控制。
當(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)必(bi)須適時(shi)地(di)切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將出現大量出氣(qi)、失水(shui)和溫升等(deng)過充(chong)反(fan)應，直接危及蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)。因(yin)此，必(bi)須隨時(shi)監測蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)又不過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主(zhu)要的(de)停(ting)充(chong)控制方法(fa)有：
（1）定(ding)時(shi)(shi)控制采用恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)可根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)大小(xiao)很容易地確(que)定(ding)，因此只要(yao)預(yu)先設(she)定(ding)好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，一旦時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)一到(dao)，定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器(qi)即可發出信(xin)號停充(chong)或降(jiang)為(wei)涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器(qi)可由(you)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)當，或者由(you)單(dan)片機承擔(dan)其功能。這種方法簡單(dan)，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不能根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀態而自動調整，因此實際充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，可能會出現有時(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)過充(chong)的(de)現象；
（2）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)控制對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言，正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度(du)(du)變化(hua)并(bing)不(bu)明顯，但(dan)是，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)時，其內(nei)部氣體(ti)壓力(li)將(jiang)迅速(su)增大(da)，負極板上氧化(hua)反應使內(nei)部發熱(re)，溫度(du)(du)迅速(su)上升（每分鐘(zhong)可升高幾(ji)個(ge)攝(she)氏度(du)(du)）。因此，觀察電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)的(de)變化(hua)，即可判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否已經充(chong)(chong)滿(man)。通(tong)常(chang)采用兩只熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻分別檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)和環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)，當(dang)(dang)兩者(zhe)溫差達到一(yi)定值時，即發出停充(chong)(chong)信號。由于熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻動態(tai)(tai)響應速(su)度(du)(du)較慢，故不(bu)能(neng)及時準確地(di)檢測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)滿(man)充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)(tai)；
（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)(fu)(fu)增量控制一般而言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，其(qi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將呈現下(xia)降(jiang)趨勢，據(ju)此(ci)(ci)可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出現負(fu)(fu)(fu)增長的時刻作為停充(chong)時刻。與溫度(du)控制法(fa)相比，這(zhe)種(zhong)方法(fa)響應速(su)度(du)快，此(ci)(ci)外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的負(fu)(fu)(fu)增量與電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的絕對(dui)值無關，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)這(zhe)種(zhong)停充(chong)控制方法(fa)可(ke)適(shi)應具有不同(tong)單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)數的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)(ci)方法(fa)的缺點是一般的檢測器靈敏(min)度(du)和可(ke)靠性不高，同(tong)時，當環境溫度(du)較(jiao)高時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的減小并不明顯，因(yin)而難(nan)以控制。
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