處理蓄電池充電機突然停電的方法
2019/6/14 9:33:52??????點擊：
處(chu)理蓄電池充電機(ji)突然停(ting)電的(de)方(fang)法
當蓄電(dian)池充足電(dian)后，充電(dian)機必須(xu)(xu)適時(shi)地切(qie)斷(duan)充電(dian)電(dian)流，否則蓄電(dian)池將出現(xian)大(da)量(liang)出氣、失水(shui)和溫(wen)升等過(guo)充反應，直接危及(ji)蓄電(dian)池的(de)使用壽(shou)命。因(yin)此，必須(xu)(xu)隨時(shi)監測(ce)蓄電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)狀況，保證(zheng)電(dian)池充足電(dian)而又不(bu)過(guo)充電(dian)。主要的(de)停(ting)充控(kong)制方(fang)法有：
（1）定時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控制采用恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)大小很容易地(di)確定，因此只要預先設定好充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一(yi)旦時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一(yi)到，定時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)即(ji)可(ke)發(fa)出信號停充(chong)(chong)(chong)或降為涓(juan)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。定時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)當，或者由單片機承擔其功(gong)能(neng)。這種方法簡單，但充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)能(neng)根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)前(qian)狀態而自動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能(neng)會出現(xian)有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)；
（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控制對(dui)Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言，正常(chang)(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化并不明顯，但是，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過充(chong)時(shi)(shi)，其內部氣(qi)體壓力將迅速增大，負極(ji)板上(shang)氧化反應使內部發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)迅速上(shang)升（每分鐘可升高(gao)幾個攝氏度(du)(du)）。因(yin)此，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的變(bian)化，即可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是否已經(jing)充(chong)滿(man)。通(tong)常(chang)(chang)采用兩(liang)只(zhi)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分別檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，當(dang)(dang)兩(liang)者溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)達到一定值時(shi)(shi)，即發出停(ting)充(chong)信號。由于(yu)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態(tai)響應速度(du)(du)較慢，故(gu)不能及時(shi)(shi)準(zhun)確地(di)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的滿(man)充(chong)狀態(tai)；
（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓負增量控制一(yi)般而(er)言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將呈(cheng)現(xian)下(xia)降趨勢(shi)，據此可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓出現(xian)負增長的(de)(de)時(shi)刻作(zuo)為停充(chong)時(shi)刻。與(yu)溫度控制法(fa)相比，這種方(fang)法(fa)響(xiang)應(ying)速度快，此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)負增量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)絕對(dui)值無關，因(yin)此這種停充(chong)控制方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)適應(ying)具有(you)不同單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)數的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)缺(que)點是一(yi)般的(de)(de)檢測器靈敏度和可(ke)靠性不高(gao)，同時(shi)，當環(huan)境(jing)溫度較高(gao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)減小并不明顯(xian)，因(yin)而(er)難以控制。
當蓄電(dian)池充足電(dian)后，充電(dian)機必須(xu)(xu)適時(shi)地切(qie)斷(duan)充電(dian)電(dian)流，否則蓄電(dian)池將出現(xian)大(da)量(liang)出氣、失水(shui)和溫(wen)升等過(guo)充反應，直接危及(ji)蓄電(dian)池的(de)使用壽(shou)命。因(yin)此，必須(xu)(xu)隨時(shi)監測(ce)蓄電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)狀況，保證(zheng)電(dian)池充足電(dian)而又不(bu)過(guo)充電(dian)。主要的(de)停(ting)充控(kong)制方(fang)法有：
（1）定時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控制采用恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)大小很容易地(di)確定，因此只要預先設定好充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一(yi)旦時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一(yi)到，定時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)即(ji)可(ke)發(fa)出信號停充(chong)(chong)(chong)或降為涓(juan)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。定時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)當，或者由單片機承擔其功(gong)能(neng)。這種方法簡單，但充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)能(neng)根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)前(qian)狀態而自動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能(neng)會出現(xian)有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)；
（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控制對(dui)Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言，正常(chang)(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化并不明顯，但是，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過充(chong)時(shi)(shi)，其內部氣(qi)體壓力將迅速增大，負極(ji)板上(shang)氧化反應使內部發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)迅速上(shang)升（每分鐘可升高(gao)幾個攝氏度(du)(du)）。因(yin)此，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的變(bian)化，即可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是否已經(jing)充(chong)滿(man)。通(tong)常(chang)(chang)采用兩(liang)只(zhi)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分別檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，當(dang)(dang)兩(liang)者溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)達到一定值時(shi)(shi)，即發出停(ting)充(chong)信號。由于(yu)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態(tai)響應速度(du)(du)較慢，故(gu)不能及時(shi)(shi)準(zhun)確地(di)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的滿(man)充(chong)狀態(tai)；
（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓負增量控制一(yi)般而(er)言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將呈(cheng)現(xian)下(xia)降趨勢(shi)，據此可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓出現(xian)負增長的(de)(de)時(shi)刻作(zuo)為停充(chong)時(shi)刻。與(yu)溫度控制法(fa)相比，這種方(fang)法(fa)響(xiang)應(ying)速度快，此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)負增量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)絕對(dui)值無關，因(yin)此這種停充(chong)控制方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)適應(ying)具有(you)不同單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)數的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)缺(que)點是一(yi)般的(de)(de)檢測器靈敏度和可(ke)靠性不高(gao)，同時(shi)，當環(huan)境(jing)溫度較高(gao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)減小并不明顯(xian)，因(yin)而(er)難以控制。
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