處理蓄電池充電機突然停電的方法
2019/6/14 9:33:52??????點擊：
處理蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)機突然停電(dian)的(de)方法
當(dang)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電機必(bi)須適時地切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電電流，否則蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)將出(chu)現大量出(chu)氣、失水和溫升等(deng)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)反應，直接危及(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽命。因此(ci)，必(bi)須隨時監測蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電狀況，保證電池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電而又不過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電。主要(yao)的(de)停充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)控制方法有：
（1）定(ding)時(shi)控制采用恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間可(ke)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的大小很(hen)容易地(di)確定(ding)，因此只要預先設定(ding)好充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，一旦時(shi)間一到，定(ding)時(shi)器(qi)即可(ke)發出信(xin)號(hao)停充(chong)(chong)或降(jiang)為涓流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)器(qi)可(ke)由時(shi)間繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)當，或者由單(dan)片機(ji)承擔其功能(neng)。這種方法簡單(dan)，但充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間不能(neng)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀(zhuang)態而自動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，可(ke)能(neng)會出現有時(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)過充(chong)(chong)的現象(xiang)；
（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控制對(dui)Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而(er)言，正(zheng)常充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)并不明顯(xian)，但是(shi)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充時(shi)，其內(nei)部氣體(ti)壓力將迅(xun)速增大，負(fu)極板上氧化(hua)反應使內(nei)部發熱，溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)迅(xun)速上升（每分(fen)鐘可升高幾個(ge)攝氏度(du)(du)(du)）。因此，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，即可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)否已(yi)經充滿。通常采用(yong)兩(liang)只熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻分(fen)別(bie)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，當兩(liang)者(zhe)溫(wen)差達(da)到一定值(zhi)時(shi)，即發出停充信(xin)號。由于熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻動態響應速度(du)(du)(du)較慢，故不能及(ji)時(shi)準確地檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)滿充狀態；
（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)量控(kong)制一(yi)般(ban)(ban)而(er)言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將呈現下降趨勢，據此可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出現負(fu)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)時刻(ke)作為停充(chong)時刻(ke)。與溫度(du)(du)控(kong)制法相比，這種(zhong)方(fang)法響應(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)快，此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)增(zeng)量與電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)無關(guan)，因(yin)此這種(zhong)停充(chong)控(kong)制方(fang)法可適(shi)應(ying)(ying)具有(you)不(bu)(bu)同單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測器靈(ling)敏度(du)(du)和可靠性不(bu)(bu)高，同時，當環境溫度(du)(du)較高時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)減小并不(bu)(bu)明顯，因(yin)而(er)難(nan)以控(kong)制。
當(dang)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電機必(bi)須適時地切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電電流，否則蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)將出(chu)現大量出(chu)氣、失水和溫升等(deng)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)反應，直接危及(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽命。因此(ci)，必(bi)須隨時監測蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電狀況，保證電池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電而又不過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電。主要(yao)的(de)停充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)控制方法有：
（1）定(ding)時(shi)控制采用恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間可(ke)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的大小很(hen)容易地(di)確定(ding)，因此只要預先設定(ding)好充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，一旦時(shi)間一到，定(ding)時(shi)器(qi)即可(ke)發出信(xin)號(hao)停充(chong)(chong)或降(jiang)為涓流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)器(qi)可(ke)由時(shi)間繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)當，或者由單(dan)片機(ji)承擔其功能(neng)。這種方法簡單(dan)，但充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間不能(neng)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀(zhuang)態而自動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，可(ke)能(neng)會出現有時(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)過充(chong)(chong)的現象(xiang)；
（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控制對(dui)Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而(er)言，正(zheng)常充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)并不明顯(xian)，但是(shi)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充時(shi)，其內(nei)部氣體(ti)壓力將迅(xun)速增大，負(fu)極板上氧化(hua)反應使內(nei)部發熱，溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)迅(xun)速上升（每分(fen)鐘可升高幾個(ge)攝氏度(du)(du)(du)）。因此，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，即可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)否已(yi)經充滿。通常采用(yong)兩(liang)只熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻分(fen)別(bie)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，當兩(liang)者(zhe)溫(wen)差達(da)到一定值(zhi)時(shi)，即發出停充信(xin)號。由于熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻動態響應速度(du)(du)(du)較慢，故不能及(ji)時(shi)準確地檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)滿充狀態；
（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)量控(kong)制一(yi)般(ban)(ban)而(er)言，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將呈現下降趨勢，據此可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出現負(fu)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)時刻(ke)作為停充(chong)時刻(ke)。與溫度(du)(du)控(kong)制法相比，這種(zhong)方(fang)法響應(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)快，此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)增(zeng)量與電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)無關(guan)，因(yin)此這種(zhong)停充(chong)控(kong)制方(fang)法可適(shi)應(ying)(ying)具有(you)不(bu)(bu)同單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測器靈(ling)敏度(du)(du)和可靠性不(bu)(bu)高，同時，當環境溫度(du)(du)較高時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)減小并不(bu)(bu)明顯，因(yin)而(er)難(nan)以控(kong)制。
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