處理蓄電池充電機突然停電的方法
2019/6/14 9:33:52??????點擊：
處理蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機突然停電(dian)(dian)的方(fang)法
當蓄電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電后，充(chong)(chong)電機必須適時地切斷充(chong)(chong)電電流，否則(ze)蓄電池(chi)將出(chu)現大量出(chu)氣、失水和溫(wen)升等過充(chong)(chong)反應，直接危及蓄電池(chi)的使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)。因此，必須隨(sui)時監測(ce)蓄電池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電狀況，保證電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電而又(you)不過充(chong)(chong)電。主要的停充(chong)(chong)控制方法有：
（1）定時(shi)控制采(cai)用恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)可(ke)根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大(da)小很容(rong)易地(di)確定，因(yin)此只要(yao)預先(xian)設定好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，一旦時(shi)間(jian)一到(dao)，定時(shi)器(qi)(qi)即可(ke)發出信(xin)號(hao)停充(chong)或降為涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定時(shi)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)由(you)時(shi)間(jian)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)充(chong)當，或者由(you)單片機承擔其功能。這種方(fang)法簡(jian)單，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)不能根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀態而自動調整，因(yin)此實際充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，可(ke)能會(hui)出現(xian)有時(shi)欠(qian)充(chong)、有時(shi)過充(chong)的現(xian)象；
（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)控制對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，正常(chang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化(hua)并(bing)不明顯(xian)，但(dan)是(shi)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充時(shi)，其內部氣體壓力(li)將迅速(su)增大，負極板上氧化(hua)反應(ying)(ying)使(shi)內部發熱，溫(wen)度(du)(du)迅速(su)上升（每分鐘可升高幾個攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)）。因此，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)變化(hua)，即可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)否已經充滿。通(tong)常(chang)采用兩只熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分別(bie)檢(jian)(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)，當兩者溫(wen)差達到一定值時(shi)，即發出停充信號(hao)。由(you)于熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態(tai)響應(ying)(ying)速(su)度(du)(du)較慢，故不能及時(shi)準確地檢(jian)(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)滿充狀態(tai)；
（3）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負增量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)般而言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)后，其端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將呈現(xian)下降(jiang)趨勢，據此可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出現(xian)負增長的(de)時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)作為停充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)。與(yu)溫度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)相比，這種方法(fa)響應(ying)速度(du)快，此外，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)負增量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)絕(jue)對(dui)值無(wu)關，因(yin)此這種停充(chong)(chong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)可(ke)適應(ying)具有不同單格電(dian)(dian)池(chi)數的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。此方法(fa)的(de)缺點是一(yi)般的(de)檢(jian)測器靈敏(min)度(du)和(he)可(ke)靠(kao)性不高(gao)，同時(shi)(shi)，當(dang)環境溫度(du)較高(gao)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)減小并(bing)不明顯(xian)，因(yin)而難以控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。
當蓄電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電后，充(chong)(chong)電機必須適時地切斷充(chong)(chong)電電流，否則(ze)蓄電池(chi)將出(chu)現大量出(chu)氣、失水和溫(wen)升等過充(chong)(chong)反應，直接危及蓄電池(chi)的使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)。因此，必須隨(sui)時監測(ce)蓄電池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電狀況，保證電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電而又(you)不過充(chong)(chong)電。主要的停充(chong)(chong)控制方法有：
（1）定時(shi)控制采(cai)用恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)可(ke)根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大(da)小很容(rong)易地(di)確定，因(yin)此只要(yao)預先(xian)設定好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，一旦時(shi)間(jian)一到(dao)，定時(shi)器(qi)(qi)即可(ke)發出信(xin)號(hao)停充(chong)或降為涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定時(shi)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)由(you)時(shi)間(jian)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)充(chong)當，或者由(you)單片機承擔其功能。這種方(fang)法簡(jian)單，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)不能根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀態而自動調整，因(yin)此實際充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，可(ke)能會(hui)出現(xian)有時(shi)欠(qian)充(chong)、有時(shi)過充(chong)的現(xian)象；
（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)控制對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，正常(chang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化(hua)并(bing)不明顯(xian)，但(dan)是(shi)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充時(shi)，其內部氣體壓力(li)將迅速(su)增大，負極板上氧化(hua)反應(ying)(ying)使(shi)內部發熱，溫(wen)度(du)(du)迅速(su)上升（每分鐘可升高幾個攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)）。因此，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)變化(hua)，即可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)否已經充滿。通(tong)常(chang)采用兩只熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分別(bie)檢(jian)(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)，當兩者溫(wen)差達到一定值時(shi)，即發出停充信號(hao)。由(you)于熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態(tai)響應(ying)(ying)速(su)度(du)(du)較慢，故不能及時(shi)準確地檢(jian)(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)滿充狀態(tai)；
（3）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負增量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)般而言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)后，其端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將呈現(xian)下降(jiang)趨勢，據此可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出現(xian)負增長的(de)時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)作為停充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)。與(yu)溫度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)相比，這種方法(fa)響應(ying)速度(du)快，此外，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)負增量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)絕(jue)對(dui)值無(wu)關，因(yin)此這種停充(chong)(chong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)可(ke)適應(ying)具有不同單格電(dian)(dian)池(chi)數的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。此方法(fa)的(de)缺點是一(yi)般的(de)檢(jian)測器靈敏(min)度(du)和(he)可(ke)靠(kao)性不高(gao)，同時(shi)(shi)，當(dang)環境溫度(du)較高(gao)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)減小并(bing)不明顯(xian)，因(yin)而難以控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。
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