電力直流屏電池和充電系統的選擇
2019/6/10 14:32:13??????點擊：
電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)屏是高壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)，是整個配電(dian)(dian)(dian)室(shi)的直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，有時候也可(ke)以根據情(qing)況配合(he)(he)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)屏使(shi)(shi)用，組(zu)成交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)屏主要應(ying)用于大型水力(li)(li)、火力(li)(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠，各類變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和(he)(he)其它使(shi)(shi)用直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的用戶(hu)，給(gei)信號設(she)備(bei)(bei)、保護(hu)(hu)、自動裝(zhuang)置、事故照(zhao)(zhao)明、應(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)斷路(lu)器分(fen)、合(he)(he)閘操作提供(gong)(gong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源設(she)備(bei)(bei)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是一個獨立的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，不(bu)受發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、廠用電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運行方式的影響。在外部交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源中斷情(qing)況下，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)(gong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，把儲蓄(xu)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內的多余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量用來給(gei)高壓柜合(he)(he)閘分(fen)閘、保護(hu)(hu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)、應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明系(xi)(xi)統(tong)等(deng)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)屏的可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)直(zhi)接影響到電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。因此，在直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)屏的選擇上因從以下幾個方面著手：
（1）蓄電池的選(xuan)擇
不(bu)間斷供電設備，直(zhi)流蓄(xu)電池(chi)是(shi)核心(xin)部件。初期的直(zhi)流電源系統大(da)多使用普(pu)通鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)，其過載能力低，容易產生酸腐蝕(shi)等問題。逐(zhu)漸隨著人們對堿性鎘鎳電池(chi)的認識，以及(ji)和原(yuan)鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)做比(bi)較，總結得出堿性鎘鎳電池(chi)有以下優(you)點:
1、良好(hao)的機械(xie)強(qiang)度，體(ti)積(ji)較小，能承受強(qiang)大的沖(chong)擊和振動，不易(yi)損壞。
2、壓降小(xiao)，自(zi)放電引起的能量損失(shi)小(xiao)。
3、過放(fang)電能力(li)強，不(bu)會(hui)因為過充(chong)引起(qi)內(nei)部短路
4、放電電壓平(ping)穩，壽命長，若合理使用，可(ke)高達3000多(duo)個使用周期。
5、根據以(yi)上堿性鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)優勢，直流系(xi)統負載較(jiao)重(zhong)、過載可能大(da)（如作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)磁操作(zuo)機構的(de)(de)操作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)源）、安(an)裝地(di)點環(huan)境良好、環(huan)境溫度不高且具備較(jiao)強維護力(li)量的(de)(de)情況下，就可選用堿性鎘鑷電(dian)(dian)池。反之，可選用免維護的(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池。
（2）充電(dian)系統的(de)選擇
充(chong)(chong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，目前使(shi)用(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的(de)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，對(dui)電(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)主充(chong)(chong)與浮充(chong)(chong)兩個階段，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)強(qiang)充(chong)(chong)和涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩種方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。而控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)常見(jian)的(de)有熱傳感器(qi)法(fa)、定時法(fa)、負序(xu)電(dian)壓斜率法(fa)、伏安法(fa)等。近年(nian)來眾多(duo)生產廠家(jia)對(dui)此(ci)類(lei)(lei)(lei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，主要在(zai)(zai)(zai)其控(kong)(kong)(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)改進，如集成電(dian)路技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、PLC技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、微(wei)機監控(kong)(kong)(kong)、"三(san)遙"通(tong)訊等技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)融合(he)其中，使(shi)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)完善，因而目前此(ci)類(lei)(lei)(lei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，其產品的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)與實用(yong)性(xing)基本能(neng)令人滿意。但相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機仍存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)輸出電(dian)壓諧波(bo)大(da)、電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)紋波(bo)大(da)，穩流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)難提(ti)高(gao)的(de)不(bu)(bu)足。同(tong)時由于(yu)其一(yi)般(ban)最(zui)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)主從備(bei)份的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)某些場合(he)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)靠性(xing)仍令人感到美(mei)中不(bu)(bu)足。所以，國外(wai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)些對(dui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源要求較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)場合(he)逐步采(cai)用(yong)一(yi)種較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)新型的(de)高(gao)頻開關電(dian)源，整體(ti)結構采(cai)用(yong)模塊(kuai)(kuai)組(zu)(zu)合(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，其模塊(kuai)(kuai)原(yuan)理(li)圖如下，即先將三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，再(zai)變(bian)換為(wei)(wei)高(gao)頻交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，高(gao)頻交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)再(zai)經(jing)變(bian)壓器(qi)隔(ge)離、全橋(qiao)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、濾波(bo)轉換為(wei)(wei)穩定的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出。此(ci)種直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源的(de)最(zui)大(da)特點是(shi)(shi)穩流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精度(du)高(gao)，紋波(bo)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，諧波(bo)失真小(xiao)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源。在(zai)(zai)(zai)組(zu)(zu)成直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)時，可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)N個單元(yuan)模塊(kuai)(kuai)組(zu)(zu)合(he)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)提(ti)供直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出，因而備(bei)份程(cheng)度(du)高(gao)，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)整體(ti)可(ke)靠性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)。此(ci)類(lei)(lei)(lei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源目前國內已有廠家(jia)生產，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)整體(ti)外(wai)觀等方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)略(lve)遜于(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏，企業在(zai)(zai)(zai)選擇直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源時可(ke)進行比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)取舍。
（3)直流屏系統維護(hu)
鎘鎳電(dian)池在使用中應(ying)主要注意以(yi)下(xia)問(wen)題：
1）定(ding)期對電(dian)池(chi)組進行大功率的(de)充(chong)、放電(dian)，以激活電(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)化(hua)學物質，降低電(dian)池(chi)惰性，恢(hui)復電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)。
2）經常檢查電池液位，在(zai)電池滿容量時對過高、過低的電池液位及(ji)時進(jin)行調整。
3）定期(qi)檢查(cha)電池溶(rong)液(ye)濃度，發現比(bi)重變化時予以補堿液(ye)或加水，必要時重新配制電解液(ye)。
4）定期逐個檢查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓，對個別電(dian)(dian)壓下降(jiang)較大的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，單(dan)獨(du)進行"活化"處理。
5）注(zhu)意電(dian)(dian)池(chi)環境溫度(du)，最好(hao)使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在40℃以下溫度(du)運行(xing)，以免加劇電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的自放電(dian)(dian)，引起電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量下降。
6）保(bao)持(chi)電(dian)池(chi)清潔及(ji)(ji)環(huan)境干(gan)(gan)爽，以免發生電(dian)池(chi)爬堿，導致電(dian)池(chi)容量下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)和(he)引起直流系統絕緣(yuan)降(jiang)(jiang)低。平時(shi)及(ji)(ji)檢修時(shi)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)外溢(yi)的堿液應及(ji)(ji)時(shi)用干(gan)(gan)布擦凈(jing)，切不
可(ke)用水沖洗電池(chi)外部。
與鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池相比，免(mian)維護鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的維護運行中維護工作量較小，平時(shi)只需注意檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池各連接完(wan)(wan)好，保持(chi)連接無銹(xiu)蝕、腐蝕；觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)否(fou)出現漲肚、變形；密封閥(fa)是(shi)否(fou)完(wan)(wan)好；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)柱有無熔(rong)融跡象(xiang)；以及保持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池清潔干(gan)燥等(deng)等(deng)。同時(shi)定期檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，及時(shi)發現處(chu)理失效電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。
（1）蓄電池的選(xuan)擇
不(bu)間斷供電設備，直(zhi)流蓄(xu)電池(chi)是(shi)核心(xin)部件。初期的直(zhi)流電源系統大(da)多使用普(pu)通鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)，其過載能力低，容易產生酸腐蝕(shi)等問題。逐(zhu)漸隨著人們對堿性鎘鎳電池(chi)的認識，以及(ji)和原(yuan)鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)做比(bi)較，總結得出堿性鎘鎳電池(chi)有以下優(you)點:
1、良好(hao)的機械(xie)強(qiang)度，體(ti)積(ji)較小，能承受強(qiang)大的沖(chong)擊和振動，不易(yi)損壞。
2、壓降小(xiao)，自(zi)放電引起的能量損失(shi)小(xiao)。
3、過放(fang)電能力(li)強，不(bu)會(hui)因為過充(chong)引起(qi)內(nei)部短路
4、放電電壓平(ping)穩，壽命長，若合理使用，可(ke)高達3000多(duo)個使用周期。
5、根據以(yi)上堿性鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)優勢，直流系(xi)統負載較(jiao)重(zhong)、過載可能大(da)（如作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)磁操作(zuo)機構的(de)(de)操作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)源）、安(an)裝地(di)點環(huan)境良好、環(huan)境溫度不高且具備較(jiao)強維護力(li)量的(de)(de)情況下，就可選用堿性鎘鑷電(dian)(dian)池。反之，可選用免維護的(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池。
（2）充電(dian)系統的(de)選擇
充(chong)(chong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，目前使(shi)用(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的(de)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，對(dui)電(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)主充(chong)(chong)與浮充(chong)(chong)兩個階段，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)強(qiang)充(chong)(chong)和涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩種方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。而控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)常見(jian)的(de)有熱傳感器(qi)法(fa)、定時法(fa)、負序(xu)電(dian)壓斜率法(fa)、伏安法(fa)等。近年(nian)來眾多(duo)生產廠家(jia)對(dui)此(ci)類(lei)(lei)(lei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，主要在(zai)(zai)(zai)其控(kong)(kong)(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)改進，如集成電(dian)路技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、PLC技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、微(wei)機監控(kong)(kong)(kong)、"三(san)遙"通(tong)訊等技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)融合(he)其中，使(shi)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)完善，因而目前此(ci)類(lei)(lei)(lei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，其產品的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)與實用(yong)性(xing)基本能(neng)令人滿意。但相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機仍存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)輸出電(dian)壓諧波(bo)大(da)、電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)紋波(bo)大(da)，穩流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)難提(ti)高(gao)的(de)不(bu)(bu)足。同(tong)時由于(yu)其一(yi)般(ban)最(zui)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)主從備(bei)份的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)某些場合(he)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)靠性(xing)仍令人感到美(mei)中不(bu)(bu)足。所以，國外(wai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)些對(dui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源要求較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)場合(he)逐步采(cai)用(yong)一(yi)種較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)新型的(de)高(gao)頻開關電(dian)源，整體(ti)結構采(cai)用(yong)模塊(kuai)(kuai)組(zu)(zu)合(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，其模塊(kuai)(kuai)原(yuan)理(li)圖如下，即先將三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，再(zai)變(bian)換為(wei)(wei)高(gao)頻交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，高(gao)頻交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)再(zai)經(jing)變(bian)壓器(qi)隔(ge)離、全橋(qiao)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、濾波(bo)轉換為(wei)(wei)穩定的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出。此(ci)種直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源的(de)最(zui)大(da)特點是(shi)(shi)穩流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精度(du)高(gao)，紋波(bo)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，諧波(bo)失真小(xiao)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源。在(zai)(zai)(zai)組(zu)(zu)成直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)時，可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)N個單元(yuan)模塊(kuai)(kuai)組(zu)(zu)合(he)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)提(ti)供直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出，因而備(bei)份程(cheng)度(du)高(gao)，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)整體(ti)可(ke)靠性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)。此(ci)類(lei)(lei)(lei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源目前國內已有廠家(jia)生產，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)整體(ti)外(wai)觀等方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)略(lve)遜于(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏，企業在(zai)(zai)(zai)選擇直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源時可(ke)進行比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)取舍。
（3)直流屏系統維護(hu)
鎘鎳電(dian)池在使用中應(ying)主要注意以(yi)下(xia)問(wen)題：
1）定(ding)期對電(dian)池(chi)組進行大功率的(de)充(chong)、放電(dian)，以激活電(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)化(hua)學物質，降低電(dian)池(chi)惰性，恢(hui)復電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)。
2）經常檢查電池液位，在(zai)電池滿容量時對過高、過低的電池液位及(ji)時進(jin)行調整。
3）定期(qi)檢查(cha)電池溶(rong)液(ye)濃度，發現比(bi)重變化時予以補堿液(ye)或加水，必要時重新配制電解液(ye)。
4）定期逐個檢查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓，對個別電(dian)(dian)壓下降(jiang)較大的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，單(dan)獨(du)進行"活化"處理。
5）注(zhu)意電(dian)(dian)池(chi)環境溫度(du)，最好(hao)使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在40℃以下溫度(du)運行(xing)，以免加劇電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的自放電(dian)(dian)，引起電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量下降。
6）保(bao)持(chi)電(dian)池(chi)清潔及(ji)(ji)環(huan)境干(gan)(gan)爽，以免發生電(dian)池(chi)爬堿，導致電(dian)池(chi)容量下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)和(he)引起直流系統絕緣(yuan)降(jiang)(jiang)低。平時(shi)及(ji)(ji)檢修時(shi)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)外溢(yi)的堿液應及(ji)(ji)時(shi)用干(gan)(gan)布擦凈(jing)，切不
可(ke)用水沖洗電池(chi)外部。
與鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池相比，免(mian)維護鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的維護運行中維護工作量較小，平時(shi)只需注意檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池各連接完(wan)(wan)好，保持(chi)連接無銹(xiu)蝕、腐蝕；觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)否(fou)出現漲肚、變形；密封閥(fa)是(shi)否(fou)完(wan)(wan)好；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)柱有無熔(rong)融跡象(xiang)；以及保持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池清潔干(gan)燥等(deng)等(deng)。同時(shi)定期檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，及時(shi)發現處(chu)理失效電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。
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