電力直流屏電池和充電系統的選擇
2019/6/10 14:32:13??????點擊：
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)直流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)是(shi)高(gao)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備，是(shi)整個(ge)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統，有時候(hou)也可(ke)以根據情況配(pei)合(he)(he)交流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，組成(cheng)交直流(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統。直流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)主要應用(yong)(yong)于大型水力(li)、火力(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠，各(ge)類變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站和其它使(shi)用(yong)(yong)直流(liu)(liu)設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶，給(gei)(gei)信號設(she)(she)備、保護、自動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、事故(gu)照(zhao)明、應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)及斷(duan)路器分(fen)、合(he)(he)閘(zha)操作提供直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設(she)(she)備。直流(liu)(liu)系(xi)統是(shi)一個(ge)獨(du)立的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，不受(shou)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、廠用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及系(xi)統運行方式的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。在(zai)外部交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)斷(duan)情況下，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，把儲(chu)蓄在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內的(de)(de)多余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量用(yong)(yong)來給(gei)(gei)高(gao)壓柜合(he)(he)閘(zha)分(fen)閘(zha)、保護設(she)(she)備、應急(ji)照(zhao)明系(xi)統等供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)和安全性(xing)直接(jie)影響(xiang)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)和安全性(xing)。因此，在(zai)直流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)上因從(cong)以下幾個(ge)方面著手：
（1）蓄電池的選(xuan)擇
不間斷供電(dian)(dian)設備，直流蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是核心部件。初期的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)源系統大多使(shi)用普(pu)通(tong)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其過(guo)載能力(li)低，容易產生(sheng)酸腐蝕等(deng)問題。逐漸隨著人們(men)對堿性(xing)鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)認識，以(yi)及(ji)和原鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)做比較，總(zong)結得出堿性(xing)鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有以(yi)下優點:
1、良好的機械強(qiang)度，體積(ji)較(jiao)小，能(neng)承受強(qiang)大(da)的沖擊和振動，不易損(sun)壞。
2、壓降小，自(zi)放電(dian)引起的能(neng)量損(sun)失(shi)小。
3、過(guo)放電能力強，不會因(yin)為過(guo)充引起內部短路
4、放電電壓平穩，壽(shou)命長，若合理使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，可高達3000多個使(shi)用(yong)(yong)周(zhou)期。
5、根據以上堿性鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)池的(de)優勢，直(zhi)流系統負載較(jiao)重、過(guo)載可能大（如(ru)作為電(dian)磁操(cao)作機構的(de)操(cao)作電(dian)源(yuan)）、安(an)裝地點環境良好(hao)、環境溫(wen)度(du)不高且具備較(jiao)強(qiang)維(wei)護力量(liang)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，就可選(xuan)用(yong)堿性鎘(ge)鑷(nie)電(dian)池。反之(zhi)，可選(xuan)用(yong)免維(wei)護的(de)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池。
（2）充電系統的選擇(ze)
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)方(fang)面，目前使用(yong)較多(duo)的(de)(de)是可控(kong)(kong)硅相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)主充(chong)與浮充(chong)兩(liang)(liang)個階(jie)段，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)強充(chong)和(he)涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)式。而(er)(er)控(kong)(kong)制方(fang)式常見的(de)(de)有(you)熱傳感(gan)器法、定(ding)時法、負序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)斜(xie)率法、伏(fu)安法等(deng)。近年來(lai)眾多(duo)生(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)(chang)家對此類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，主要在其(qi)控(kong)(kong)制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術上不(bu)(bu)斷改(gai)進，如集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路技(ji)(ji)(ji)術、PLC技(ji)(ji)(ji)術、微機(ji)監控(kong)(kong)、"三遙"通訊等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術不(bu)(bu)斷融合(he)其(qi)中(zhong)，使相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)斷完善，因(yin)而(er)(er)目前此類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，其(qi)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)與實用(yong)性(xing)基(ji)本能令(ling)人(ren)滿意。但相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)仍存在輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)諧波(bo)(bo)大、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)紋波(bo)(bo)大，穩(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精(jing)(jing)度(du)較難提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足。同時由于(yu)其(qi)一般最(zui)多(duo)采用(yong)主從備(bei)份的(de)(de)方(fang)式，在某些場(chang)合(he)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)仍令(ling)人(ren)感(gan)到(dao)美中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足。所以(yi)，國(guo)外在一些對直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)要求較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)場(chang)合(he)逐(zhu)步采用(yong)一種(zhong)較為(wei)(wei)新型(xing)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，整體結(jie)構采用(yong)模(mo)塊(kuai)組(zu)合(he)方(fang)式，其(qi)模(mo)塊(kuai)原(yuan)理圖(tu)如下，即先將三相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，再變(bian)換為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)再經變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器隔離(li)、全橋整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)。此種(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)最(zui)大特點是穩(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精(jing)(jing)度(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，紋波(bo)(bo)較小，諧波(bo)(bo)失真小，是一種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)質量的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。在組(zu)成(cheng)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)時，可采用(yong)N個單(dan)元模(mo)塊(kuai)組(zu)合(he)的(de)(de)方(fang)式提供直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)，因(yin)而(er)(er)備(bei)份程度(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)整體可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。此類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)目前國(guo)內已有(you)廠(chang)(chang)家生(sheng)產(chan)，但在整體外觀(guan)等(deng)方(fang)面略(lve)遜于(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏，企(qi)業在選(xuan)擇(ze)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)時可進行比較取(qu)舍。
（3)直(zhi)流屏系統維護
鎘鎳電池在使用中(zhong)應主要注意以下(xia)問(wen)題：
1）定(ding)期對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)組進行大功率的充、放電(dian)，以(yi)激活電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的化學物質(zhi)，降低電(dian)池(chi)惰性，恢復電(dian)池(chi)容量。
2）經常檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液(ye)位，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)滿容量時(shi)對(dui)過高、過低的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液(ye)位及時(shi)進行調(diao)整。
3）定期檢查電池溶液濃度，發現比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)化時(shi)予以補堿液或(huo)加水(shui)，必要時(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)配(pei)制(zhi)電解液。
4）定期逐個檢查電池端電壓，對(dui)個別電壓下降較大(da)的電池，單獨進行"活化"處理。
5）注意電(dian)池(chi)環境溫度(du)，最好使電(dian)池(chi)在40℃以(yi)下溫度(du)運行(xing)，以(yi)免加劇電(dian)池(chi)的(de)自放電(dian)，引(yin)起電(dian)池(chi)容量下降。
6）保持(chi)電(dian)池(chi)清(qing)潔及環境(jing)干爽，以免發生(sheng)電(dian)池(chi)爬堿，導(dao)致電(dian)池(chi)容量下降和引起直流(liu)系統(tong)絕緣降低(di)。平時(shi)及檢修時(shi)對電(dian)池(chi)外溢的堿液應及時(shi)用干布擦凈(jing)，切不
可用(yong)水沖洗電池外部。
與鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)相比，免維護(hu)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的維護(hu)運行中(zhong)維護(hu)工作量(liang)較小，平時只(zhi)需注意檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)各連接完好(hao)，保(bao)持連接無銹蝕、腐蝕；觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是否(fou)(fou)出現(xian)(xian)漲肚、變形；密封閥是否(fou)(fou)完好(hao)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)極柱有無熔(rong)融(rong)跡象；以及保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)清潔干燥等(deng)等(deng)。同時定期檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單體端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，及時發(fa)現(xian)(xian)處理失效電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。
（1）蓄電池的選(xuan)擇
不間斷供電(dian)(dian)設備，直流蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是核心部件。初期的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)源系統大多使(shi)用普(pu)通(tong)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其過(guo)載能力(li)低，容易產生(sheng)酸腐蝕等(deng)問題。逐漸隨著人們(men)對堿性(xing)鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)認識，以(yi)及(ji)和原鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)做比較，總(zong)結得出堿性(xing)鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有以(yi)下優點:
1、良好的機械強(qiang)度，體積(ji)較(jiao)小，能(neng)承受強(qiang)大(da)的沖擊和振動，不易損(sun)壞。
2、壓降小，自(zi)放電(dian)引起的能(neng)量損(sun)失(shi)小。
3、過(guo)放電能力強，不會因(yin)為過(guo)充引起內部短路
4、放電電壓平穩，壽(shou)命長，若合理使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，可高達3000多個使(shi)用(yong)(yong)周(zhou)期。
5、根據以上堿性鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)池的(de)優勢，直(zhi)流系統負載較(jiao)重、過(guo)載可能大（如(ru)作為電(dian)磁操(cao)作機構的(de)操(cao)作電(dian)源(yuan)）、安(an)裝地點環境良好(hao)、環境溫(wen)度(du)不高且具備較(jiao)強(qiang)維(wei)護力量(liang)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，就可選(xuan)用(yong)堿性鎘(ge)鑷(nie)電(dian)池。反之(zhi)，可選(xuan)用(yong)免維(wei)護的(de)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池。
（2）充電系統的選擇(ze)
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)方(fang)面，目前使用(yong)較多(duo)的(de)(de)是可控(kong)(kong)硅相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)主充(chong)與浮充(chong)兩(liang)(liang)個階(jie)段，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)強充(chong)和(he)涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)式。而(er)(er)控(kong)(kong)制方(fang)式常見的(de)(de)有(you)熱傳感(gan)器法、定(ding)時法、負序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)斜(xie)率法、伏(fu)安法等(deng)。近年來(lai)眾多(duo)生(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)(chang)家對此類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，主要在其(qi)控(kong)(kong)制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術上不(bu)(bu)斷改(gai)進，如集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路技(ji)(ji)(ji)術、PLC技(ji)(ji)(ji)術、微機(ji)監控(kong)(kong)、"三遙"通訊等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術不(bu)(bu)斷融合(he)其(qi)中(zhong)，使相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)斷完善，因(yin)而(er)(er)目前此類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，其(qi)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)與實用(yong)性(xing)基(ji)本能令(ling)人(ren)滿意。但相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)仍存在輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)諧波(bo)(bo)大、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)紋波(bo)(bo)大，穩(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精(jing)(jing)度(du)較難提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足。同時由于(yu)其(qi)一般最(zui)多(duo)采用(yong)主從備(bei)份的(de)(de)方(fang)式，在某些場(chang)合(he)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)仍令(ling)人(ren)感(gan)到(dao)美中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足。所以(yi)，國(guo)外在一些對直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)要求較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)場(chang)合(he)逐(zhu)步采用(yong)一種(zhong)較為(wei)(wei)新型(xing)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，整體結(jie)構采用(yong)模(mo)塊(kuai)組(zu)合(he)方(fang)式，其(qi)模(mo)塊(kuai)原(yuan)理圖(tu)如下，即先將三相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，再變(bian)換為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)再經變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器隔離(li)、全橋整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)。此種(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)最(zui)大特點是穩(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精(jing)(jing)度(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，紋波(bo)(bo)較小，諧波(bo)(bo)失真小，是一種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)質量的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。在組(zu)成(cheng)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)時，可采用(yong)N個單(dan)元模(mo)塊(kuai)組(zu)合(he)的(de)(de)方(fang)式提供直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)，因(yin)而(er)(er)備(bei)份程度(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)整體可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。此類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)目前國(guo)內已有(you)廠(chang)(chang)家生(sheng)產(chan)，但在整體外觀(guan)等(deng)方(fang)面略(lve)遜于(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏，企(qi)業在選(xuan)擇(ze)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)時可進行比較取(qu)舍。
（3)直(zhi)流屏系統維護
鎘鎳電池在使用中(zhong)應主要注意以下(xia)問(wen)題：
1）定(ding)期對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)組進行大功率的充、放電(dian)，以(yi)激活電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的化學物質(zhi)，降低電(dian)池(chi)惰性，恢復電(dian)池(chi)容量。
2）經常檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液(ye)位，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)滿容量時(shi)對(dui)過高、過低的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液(ye)位及時(shi)進行調(diao)整。
3）定期檢查電池溶液濃度，發現比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)化時(shi)予以補堿液或(huo)加水(shui)，必要時(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)配(pei)制(zhi)電解液。
4）定期逐個檢查電池端電壓，對(dui)個別電壓下降較大(da)的電池，單獨進行"活化"處理。
5）注意電(dian)池(chi)環境溫度(du)，最好使電(dian)池(chi)在40℃以(yi)下溫度(du)運行(xing)，以(yi)免加劇電(dian)池(chi)的(de)自放電(dian)，引(yin)起電(dian)池(chi)容量下降。
6）保持(chi)電(dian)池(chi)清(qing)潔及環境(jing)干爽，以免發生(sheng)電(dian)池(chi)爬堿，導(dao)致電(dian)池(chi)容量下降和引起直流(liu)系統(tong)絕緣降低(di)。平時(shi)及檢修時(shi)對電(dian)池(chi)外溢的堿液應及時(shi)用干布擦凈(jing)，切不
可用(yong)水沖洗電池外部。
與鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)相比，免維護(hu)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的維護(hu)運行中(zhong)維護(hu)工作量(liang)較小，平時只(zhi)需注意檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)各連接完好(hao)，保(bao)持連接無銹蝕、腐蝕；觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是否(fou)(fou)出現(xian)(xian)漲肚、變形；密封閥是否(fou)(fou)完好(hao)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)極柱有無熔(rong)融(rong)跡象；以及保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)清潔干燥等(deng)等(deng)。同時定期檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單體端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，及時發(fa)現(xian)(xian)處理失效電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。
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