電力直流屏電池和充電系統的選擇
2019/6/10 14:32:13??????點擊：
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)是高(gao)壓(ya)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備，是整個配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，有時候也可以(yi)根據情(qing)況(kuang)配合交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)使用，組成交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)主要應用于大(da)型水力、火(huo)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)，各類變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站和其它使用直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)設(she)備的(de)用戶，給信(xin)號設(she)備、保護、自動裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、事故照明、應急電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)及斷路器分、合閘操作提(ti)供(gong)(gong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設(she)備。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是一個獨立的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，不受發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、廠(chang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)運行方式的(de)影響(xiang)。在外(wai)部交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中斷情(qing)況(kuang)下，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，把儲蓄在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內的(de)多余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)用來給高(gao)壓(ya)柜合閘分閘、保護設(she)備、應急照明系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)的(de)可靠性和安全性直(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可靠性和安全性。因此，在直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)的(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)上因從以(yi)下幾個方面(mian)著手(shou)：
（1）蓄電(dian)池的選(xuan)擇(ze)
不間(jian)斷供電(dian)設備，直流蓄電(dian)池是核(he)心部件。初期的直流電(dian)源系統大多使用(yong)普通鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池，其過(guo)載(zai)能(neng)力低，容易產(chan)生酸腐蝕(shi)等問題。逐漸(jian)隨著(zhu)人們對堿性(xing)鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)池的認識，以及和原(yuan)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池做比(bi)較(jiao)，總結(jie)得(de)出堿性(xing)鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)池有以下(xia)優點:
1、良好的機械(xie)強(qiang)度，體積較小(xiao)，能承(cheng)受(shou)強(qiang)大的沖(chong)擊和振動，不(bu)易損(sun)壞。
2、壓降小(xiao)，自放電引起的能量損失小(xiao)。
3、過放(fang)電能力強(qiang)，不會因為過充(chong)引起內部(bu)短路
4、放電(dian)電(dian)壓平(ping)穩，壽命長，若合理使用(yong)(yong)，可高達3000多個使用(yong)(yong)周期。
5、根據以上(shang)堿性鎘鎳電池的(de)優(you)勢(shi)，直流系統(tong)負載(zai)較重、過載(zai)可(ke)能大（如作為電磁操(cao)作機(ji)構(gou)的(de)操(cao)作電源）、安裝地點環境良好、環境溫度不高且具備較強維(wei)護力(li)量的(de)情況下(xia)，就(jiu)可(ke)選用(yong)堿性鎘鑷電池。反之，可(ke)選用(yong)免(mian)維(wei)護的(de)鉛酸(suan)電池。
（2）充電系統的(de)選擇
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，目前(qian)使用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅相(xiang)控(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)為主充(chong)與浮充(chong)兩個(ge)階(jie)段，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)強充(chong)和(he)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。而控(kong)制方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)常見的(de)(de)有熱傳感器(qi)法(fa)、定(ding)時(shi)法(fa)、負序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓斜率法(fa)、伏(fu)安法(fa)等(deng)(deng)。近年(nian)來眾多生(sheng)產廠(chang)家對此(ci)(ci)類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，主要在其控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)(shu)上不(bu)(bu)斷改(gai)進，如(ru)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、PLC技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、微(wei)機監(jian)控(kong)、"三遙"通訊等(deng)(deng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)斷融合其中，使相(xiang)控(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)斷完(wan)善，因而目前(qian)此(ci)(ci)類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，其產品的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)與實用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)基本能令(ling)人滿意。但相(xiang)控(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機仍存(cun)在輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)大(da)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)紋波(bo)(bo)(bo)大(da)，穩(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精(jing)度(du)較(jiao)難提高(gao)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足。同時(shi)由(you)于其一(yi)(yi)般最(zui)多采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)主從備份的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，在某(mou)些場合，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)仍令(ling)人感到美(mei)中不(bu)(bu)足。所以，國外(wai)在一(yi)(yi)些對直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源要求較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)場合逐步采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)較(jiao)為新型的(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，整(zheng)體(ti)結構采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)模(mo)塊組合方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，其模(mo)塊原(yuan)理圖如(ru)下，即先將三相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為相(xiang)控(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，再變換(huan)為高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)再經變壓器(qi)隔離、全橋整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)轉換(huan)為穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出。此(ci)(ci)種(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)特點是(shi)穩(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精(jing)度(du)高(gao)，紋波(bo)(bo)(bo)較(jiao)小，諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)失真小，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)高(gao)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。在組成直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)N個(ge)單元(yuan)模(mo)塊組合的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)提供直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出，因而備份程度(du)高(gao)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)整(zheng)體(ti)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)高(gao)。此(ci)(ci)類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源目前(qian)國內已有廠(chang)家生(sheng)產，但在整(zheng)體(ti)外(wai)觀等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面略遜于傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)控(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)，企業在選(xuan)擇直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)進行(xing)比較(jiao)取舍(she)。
（3)直流(liu)屏系(xi)統維(wei)護(hu)
鎘鎳電池在使用中(zhong)應主要(yao)注意以(yi)下問題(ti)：
1）定期對(dui)電(dian)池組進行大功率的充、放電(dian)，以激(ji)活電(dian)池內部的化學物(wu)質(zhi)，降(jiang)低電(dian)池惰(duo)性，恢復(fu)電(dian)池容量。
2）經(jing)常檢查(cha)電池液位，在電池滿容量時對過高、過低的電池液位及時進行調整。
3）定(ding)期檢查電池(chi)溶(rong)液濃(nong)度，發現比重變化(hua)時(shi)予以補堿液或(huo)加(jia)水，必要時(shi)重新配制電解(jie)液。
4）定(ding)期(qi)逐個檢查(cha)電(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)壓，對個別電(dian)壓下降較大的電(dian)池(chi)，單(dan)獨進行"活(huo)化"處理。
5）注(zhu)意(yi)電(dian)池(chi)環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)，最好使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)40℃以(yi)(yi)下(xia)溫(wen)度(du)運行，以(yi)(yi)免(mian)加劇電(dian)池(chi)的自放電(dian)，引起電(dian)池(chi)容量下(xia)降。
6）保持電池(chi)(chi)清潔(jie)及(ji)環境干(gan)爽(shuang)，以免(mian)發(fa)生電池(chi)(chi)爬堿，導致電池(chi)(chi)容量下降和引起(qi)直流系統絕緣(yuan)降低。平時及(ji)檢修時對電池(chi)(chi)外溢(yi)的堿液應(ying)及(ji)時用(yong)干(gan)布(bu)擦(ca)凈(jing)，切不(bu)
可用水沖洗電池(chi)外(wai)部。
與鎘鎳電池(chi)相比，免(mian)維護(hu)鉛酸電池(chi)的維護(hu)運行中維護(hu)工作量較小，平時(shi)只需注意檢查電池(chi)各連(lian)(lian)接完好(hao)，保持(chi)連(lian)(lian)接無銹蝕、腐蝕；觀察電池(chi)是否出現漲(zhang)肚、變(bian)形；密封閥(fa)是否完好(hao)；電極(ji)柱有無熔(rong)融跡(ji)象；以及保持(chi)電池(chi)清(qing)潔(jie)干燥等等。同(tong)時(shi)定期檢查電池(chi)單體端電壓，及時(shi)發現處理失效電池(chi)。
（1）蓄電(dian)池的選(xuan)擇(ze)
不間(jian)斷供電(dian)設備，直流蓄電(dian)池是核(he)心部件。初期的直流電(dian)源系統大多使用(yong)普通鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池，其過(guo)載(zai)能(neng)力低，容易產(chan)生酸腐蝕(shi)等問題。逐漸(jian)隨著(zhu)人們對堿性(xing)鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)池的認識，以及和原(yuan)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池做比(bi)較(jiao)，總結(jie)得(de)出堿性(xing)鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)池有以下(xia)優點:
1、良好的機械(xie)強(qiang)度，體積較小(xiao)，能承(cheng)受(shou)強(qiang)大的沖(chong)擊和振動，不(bu)易損(sun)壞。
2、壓降小(xiao)，自放電引起的能量損失小(xiao)。
3、過放(fang)電能力強(qiang)，不會因為過充(chong)引起內部(bu)短路
4、放電(dian)電(dian)壓平(ping)穩，壽命長，若合理使用(yong)(yong)，可高達3000多個使用(yong)(yong)周期。
5、根據以上(shang)堿性鎘鎳電池的(de)優(you)勢(shi)，直流系統(tong)負載(zai)較重、過載(zai)可(ke)能大（如作為電磁操(cao)作機(ji)構(gou)的(de)操(cao)作電源）、安裝地點環境良好、環境溫度不高且具備較強維(wei)護力(li)量的(de)情況下(xia)，就(jiu)可(ke)選用(yong)堿性鎘鑷電池。反之，可(ke)選用(yong)免(mian)維(wei)護的(de)鉛酸(suan)電池。
（2）充電系統的(de)選擇
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，目前(qian)使用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅相(xiang)控(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)為主充(chong)與浮充(chong)兩個(ge)階(jie)段，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)強充(chong)和(he)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。而控(kong)制方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)常見的(de)(de)有熱傳感器(qi)法(fa)、定(ding)時(shi)法(fa)、負序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓斜率法(fa)、伏(fu)安法(fa)等(deng)(deng)。近年(nian)來眾多生(sheng)產廠(chang)家對此(ci)(ci)類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，主要在其控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)(shu)上不(bu)(bu)斷改(gai)進，如(ru)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、PLC技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、微(wei)機監(jian)控(kong)、"三遙"通訊等(deng)(deng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)斷融合其中，使相(xiang)控(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)斷完(wan)善，因而目前(qian)此(ci)(ci)類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，其產品的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)與實用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)基本能令(ling)人滿意。但相(xiang)控(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機仍存(cun)在輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)大(da)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)紋波(bo)(bo)(bo)大(da)，穩(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精(jing)度(du)較(jiao)難提高(gao)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足。同時(shi)由(you)于其一(yi)(yi)般最(zui)多采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)主從備份的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，在某(mou)些場合，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)仍令(ling)人感到美(mei)中不(bu)(bu)足。所以，國外(wai)在一(yi)(yi)些對直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源要求較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)場合逐步采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)較(jiao)為新型的(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，整(zheng)體(ti)結構采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)模(mo)塊組合方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，其模(mo)塊原(yuan)理圖如(ru)下，即先將三相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為相(xiang)控(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，再變換(huan)為高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)再經變壓器(qi)隔離、全橋整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)轉換(huan)為穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出。此(ci)(ci)種(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)特點是(shi)穩(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)精(jing)度(du)高(gao)，紋波(bo)(bo)(bo)較(jiao)小，諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)失真小，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)高(gao)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。在組成直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)N個(ge)單元(yuan)模(mo)塊組合的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)提供直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出，因而備份程度(du)高(gao)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)整(zheng)體(ti)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)高(gao)。此(ci)(ci)類直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源目前(qian)國內已有廠(chang)家生(sheng)產，但在整(zheng)體(ti)外(wai)觀等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面略遜于傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)控(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)屏(ping)(ping)，企業在選(xuan)擇直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)進行(xing)比較(jiao)取舍(she)。
（3)直流(liu)屏系(xi)統維(wei)護(hu)
鎘鎳電池在使用中(zhong)應主要(yao)注意以(yi)下問題(ti)：
1）定期對(dui)電(dian)池組進行大功率的充、放電(dian)，以激(ji)活電(dian)池內部的化學物(wu)質(zhi)，降(jiang)低電(dian)池惰(duo)性，恢復(fu)電(dian)池容量。
2）經(jing)常檢查(cha)電池液位，在電池滿容量時對過高、過低的電池液位及時進行調整。
3）定(ding)期檢查電池(chi)溶(rong)液濃(nong)度，發現比重變化(hua)時(shi)予以補堿液或(huo)加(jia)水，必要時(shi)重新配制電解(jie)液。
4）定(ding)期(qi)逐個檢查(cha)電(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)壓，對個別電(dian)壓下降較大的電(dian)池(chi)，單(dan)獨進行"活(huo)化"處理。
5）注(zhu)意(yi)電(dian)池(chi)環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)，最好使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)40℃以(yi)(yi)下(xia)溫(wen)度(du)運行，以(yi)(yi)免(mian)加劇電(dian)池(chi)的自放電(dian)，引起電(dian)池(chi)容量下(xia)降。
6）保持電池(chi)(chi)清潔(jie)及(ji)環境干(gan)爽(shuang)，以免(mian)發(fa)生電池(chi)(chi)爬堿，導致電池(chi)(chi)容量下降和引起(qi)直流系統絕緣(yuan)降低。平時及(ji)檢修時對電池(chi)(chi)外溢(yi)的堿液應(ying)及(ji)時用(yong)干(gan)布(bu)擦(ca)凈(jing)，切不(bu)
可用水沖洗電池(chi)外(wai)部。
與鎘鎳電池(chi)相比，免(mian)維護(hu)鉛酸電池(chi)的維護(hu)運行中維護(hu)工作量較小，平時(shi)只需注意檢查電池(chi)各連(lian)(lian)接完好(hao)，保持(chi)連(lian)(lian)接無銹蝕、腐蝕；觀察電池(chi)是否出現漲(zhang)肚、變(bian)形；密封閥(fa)是否完好(hao)；電極(ji)柱有無熔(rong)融跡(ji)象；以及保持(chi)電池(chi)清(qing)潔(jie)干燥等等。同(tong)時(shi)定期檢查電池(chi)單體端電壓，及時(shi)發現處理失效電池(chi)。
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