電池的分類和電池術語
2019/3/29 9:25:08??????點擊:
電(dian)池的分(fen)類有不同的方(fang)法,其(qi)分(fen)類方(fang)法大體上(shang)可分(fen)為(wei)三大類
第(di)一類:按(an)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)種類劃(hua)分包括:堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)主要以氫氧化鉀火溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)主的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi):如:堿性(xing)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(俗稱堿錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo)堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))、鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),鎳氫 電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。酸(suan)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),主要以硫酸(suan)水溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)介質(zhi),如鋅錳(meng)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(有(you)的(de)消費者也稱之為(wei)酸(suan)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))、海(hai)水電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等;有(you)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),主要以有(you)機(ji)溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)介質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),如 鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。
第二類:按工作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)質和貯(zhu)存方式劃分(fen)包括:一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),又(you)稱原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)能再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),如鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng);二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即(ji)(ji)可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),如鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng);蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)習(xi)慣上(shang)指鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),也是二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi);燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即(ji)(ji)活性(xing)材料在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)工作(zuo)(zuo)時才(cai)連(lian)續不(bu)(bu)斷地從(cong)外部加(jia)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),如氫(qing)氧燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng); 貯(zhu)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)貯(zhu)存時不(bu)(bu)直接(jie)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液,直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)時,才(cai)加(jia)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液,如鎂化銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)又(you)稱海水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)。
第(di)三(san)類:按電(dian)池(chi)所用正(zheng)、負極材料(liao)劃分包括:鋅系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi)、鋅銀(yin)電(dian)池(chi)等(deng);鎳系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鎘鎳電(dian)池(chi)、氫鎳電(dian)池(chi)等(deng):鉛(qian)系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)等(deng);鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)、鋰錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi);二氧化錳(meng)系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi)、堿錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi)等(deng);空(kong)氣(氧氣)系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鋅空(kong)電(dian)池(chi)等(deng)
電池(chi)術(shu)語:
化學電源(又稱電池): 一種直接把化學能轉變成電能的裝置。
一次電池(chi)(又稱原電池(chi)): 一種只能用來(lai)放電,且在放電以后不能用充電的(de)方法獲(huo)得復原并能再次使用的(de)電池(chi)。
二次(ci)電(dian)池(又稱充電(dian)電(dian)池): 一(yi)種在(zai)放電(dian)以(yi)后可以(yi)用(yong)充電(dian)的方法獲得復原并能再次(ci)使用(yong)的電(dian)池。
開路電壓: 外部電路斷開時,電池正負(fu)極之(zhi)間(jian)的電位差。
負荷電(dian)(dian)壓(ya): 電(dian)(dian)池輸出電(dian)(dian)流時,電(dian)(dian)池兩(liang)個極端的電(dian)(dian)位差。
標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓(又稱(cheng)額定(ding)電(dian)壓): 規定(ding)的(de)電(dian)池開路電(dian)壓的(de)最低(di)值(zhi)。
終止電壓: 電池(chi)放(fang)電試驗中,規定結束放(fang)電的負荷電壓。
貯存壽(shou)命(ming): 電池在規(gui)定條(tiao)件下的貯存期限(xian),貯存結束時(shi),電池仍(reng)能(neng)保持(chi)規(gui)定的性能(neng)。
標稱容量: 在一定條件下,規定電池應(ying)該給(gei)出的(de)最低限度的(de)電量。
內(nei)阻: 電池內(nei)部(bu)兩極之間的(de)電阻。
循(xun)環壽命: 充電電池在(zai)失效前(qian)所能達(da)到的充放電循(xun)環次(ci)數。
自(zi)放(fang)電: 電池(chi)在荷電或貯存狀態下,由于各種原因(yin)而引起(qi)的容量損失的現(xian)象。
放電(dian)(dian)(dian)率: 電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在規定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間內放出額定(ding)容量時(shi)(shi)所需(xu)(xu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值;或按一(yi)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放完額定(ding)容量時(shi)(shi)所需(xu)(xu)的時(shi)(shi)間。常用倍率(若干C)或時(shi)(shi)率表示。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)率: 蓄電(dian)(dian)池在規定(ding)時間(jian)內充(chong)到(dao)額定(ding)容(rong)量所(suo)需的電(dian)(dian)流值;或(huo)在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流下充(chong)到(dao)額定(ding)容(rong)量所(suo)需的時間(jian)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)用倍(bei)率(若干C)或(huo)時率表示。
恒(heng)壓(ya)充電: 充電時,保(bao)持(chi)充電器兩(liang)端電壓(ya)始終不變(bian)的(de)一種充電方法。
恒流(liu)充電: 充電時,充電電流(liu)保持不變的(de)一種(zhong)充電方法。
涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian): 以低充(chong)電(dian)率(C/100C/20)對蓄電(dian)池進行恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian),使電(dian)池保持全充(chong)電(dian)態(tai)的一種充(chong)電(dian)方法。
記憶效應: 電(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)時(shi)間經受特(te)定的工作循環后,自動保持這一特(te)定的電(dian)(dian)性能(neng)。不(bu)能(neng)全(quan)部放出額定容量(liang),只(zhi)能(neng)達到(dao)常用(yong)(yong)的放電(dian)(dian)深度。譬如:一只(zhi)額定容量(liang)為100%的電(dian)(dian)池(chi),在使用(yong)(yong)時(shi),如果在尚(shang)未用(yong)(yong)完電(dian)(dian)量(liang)后就(jiu)(jiu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian),長(chang)期下去(qu),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)(jiu)“記住了”這個“刻度”,以后再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi),充(chong)到(dao)這個“刻度”就(jiu)(jiu)再(zai)也不(bu)容易充(chong)進去(qu)了。
爬堿(漏)液: 電池(chi)內的電解液從正(zheng)常情況(kuang)下(xia)不與電解液接觸的電池(chi)外表面(mian)或電池(chi)部件上流出(chu)來。
電(dian)(dian)池/電(dian)(dian)池組(zu): 兩個以(yi)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)池串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)提供所需要(yao)操(cao)作的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流。一(yi)般使用下所說的(de)電(dian)(dian)池僅指單支電(dian)(dian)池。
放電(dian)電(dian)流:放電(dian)過(guo)程中需要多大的電(dian)流放電(dian)。
安全閥: 在電池蓋冒上設計的排氣小孔,當電池內部所釋放氣體的氣壓達到一定值時,小孔閥門自動打開排出氣體。上海施能電(dian)器設(she)備有限公司始建于1984年,上海市高新技術企業,中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商,上海電器行業名優產品,主要生產工頻系列充電機,高頻系列充電機,鋰電池充電機,系列放電機,系列充放電機等電器產品。
第(di)一類:按(an)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)種類劃(hua)分包括:堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)主要以氫氧化鉀火溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)主的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi):如:堿性(xing)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(俗稱堿錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo)堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))、鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),鎳氫 電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。酸(suan)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),主要以硫酸(suan)水溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)介質(zhi),如鋅錳(meng)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(有(you)的(de)消費者也稱之為(wei)酸(suan)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))、海(hai)水電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等;有(you)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),主要以有(you)機(ji)溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)介質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),如 鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。
第二類:按工作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)質和貯(zhu)存方式劃分(fen)包括:一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),又(you)稱原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)能再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),如鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng);二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即(ji)(ji)可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),如鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng);蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)習(xi)慣上(shang)指鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),也是二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi);燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即(ji)(ji)活性(xing)材料在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)工作(zuo)(zuo)時才(cai)連(lian)續不(bu)(bu)斷地從(cong)外部加(jia)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),如氫(qing)氧燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng); 貯(zhu)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)貯(zhu)存時不(bu)(bu)直接(jie)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液,直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)時,才(cai)加(jia)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液,如鎂化銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)又(you)稱海水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)。
第(di)三(san)類:按電(dian)池(chi)所用正(zheng)、負極材料(liao)劃分包括:鋅系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi)、鋅銀(yin)電(dian)池(chi)等(deng);鎳系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鎘鎳電(dian)池(chi)、氫鎳電(dian)池(chi)等(deng):鉛(qian)系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)等(deng);鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)、鋰錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi);二氧化錳(meng)系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi)、堿錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi)等(deng);空(kong)氣(氧氣)系(xi)列電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)鋅空(kong)電(dian)池(chi)等(deng)
電池(chi)術(shu)語:
化學電源(又稱電池): 一種直接把化學能轉變成電能的裝置。
一次電池(chi)(又稱原電池(chi)): 一種只能用來(lai)放電,且在放電以后不能用充電的(de)方法獲(huo)得復原并能再次使用的(de)電池(chi)。
二次(ci)電(dian)池(又稱充電(dian)電(dian)池): 一(yi)種在(zai)放電(dian)以(yi)后可以(yi)用(yong)充電(dian)的方法獲得復原并能再次(ci)使用(yong)的電(dian)池。
開路電壓: 外部電路斷開時,電池正負(fu)極之(zhi)間(jian)的電位差。
負荷電(dian)(dian)壓(ya): 電(dian)(dian)池輸出電(dian)(dian)流時,電(dian)(dian)池兩(liang)個極端的電(dian)(dian)位差。
標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓(又稱(cheng)額定(ding)電(dian)壓): 規定(ding)的(de)電(dian)池開路電(dian)壓的(de)最低(di)值(zhi)。
終止電壓: 電池(chi)放(fang)電試驗中,規定結束放(fang)電的負荷電壓。
貯存壽(shou)命(ming): 電池在規(gui)定條(tiao)件下的貯存期限(xian),貯存結束時(shi),電池仍(reng)能(neng)保持(chi)規(gui)定的性能(neng)。
標稱容量: 在一定條件下,規定電池應(ying)該給(gei)出的(de)最低限度的(de)電量。
內(nei)阻: 電池內(nei)部(bu)兩極之間的(de)電阻。
循(xun)環壽命: 充電電池在(zai)失效前(qian)所能達(da)到的充放電循(xun)環次(ci)數。
自(zi)放(fang)電: 電池(chi)在荷電或貯存狀態下,由于各種原因(yin)而引起(qi)的容量損失的現(xian)象。
放電(dian)(dian)(dian)率: 電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在規定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間內放出額定(ding)容量時(shi)(shi)所需(xu)(xu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值;或按一(yi)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放完額定(ding)容量時(shi)(shi)所需(xu)(xu)的時(shi)(shi)間。常用倍率(若干C)或時(shi)(shi)率表示。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)率: 蓄電(dian)(dian)池在規定(ding)時間(jian)內充(chong)到(dao)額定(ding)容(rong)量所(suo)需的電(dian)(dian)流值;或(huo)在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流下充(chong)到(dao)額定(ding)容(rong)量所(suo)需的時間(jian)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)用倍(bei)率(若干C)或(huo)時率表示。
恒(heng)壓(ya)充電: 充電時,保(bao)持(chi)充電器兩(liang)端電壓(ya)始終不變(bian)的(de)一種充電方法。
恒流(liu)充電: 充電時,充電電流(liu)保持不變的(de)一種(zhong)充電方法。
涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian): 以低充(chong)電(dian)率(C/100C/20)對蓄電(dian)池進行恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian),使電(dian)池保持全充(chong)電(dian)態(tai)的一種充(chong)電(dian)方法。
記憶效應: 電(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)時(shi)間經受特(te)定的工作循環后,自動保持這一特(te)定的電(dian)(dian)性能(neng)。不(bu)能(neng)全(quan)部放出額定容量(liang),只(zhi)能(neng)達到(dao)常用(yong)(yong)的放電(dian)(dian)深度。譬如:一只(zhi)額定容量(liang)為100%的電(dian)(dian)池(chi),在使用(yong)(yong)時(shi),如果在尚(shang)未用(yong)(yong)完電(dian)(dian)量(liang)后就(jiu)(jiu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian),長(chang)期下去(qu),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)(jiu)“記住了”這個“刻度”,以后再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi),充(chong)到(dao)這個“刻度”就(jiu)(jiu)再(zai)也不(bu)容易充(chong)進去(qu)了。
爬堿(漏)液: 電池(chi)內的電解液從正(zheng)常情況(kuang)下(xia)不與電解液接觸的電池(chi)外表面(mian)或電池(chi)部件上流出(chu)來。
電(dian)(dian)池/電(dian)(dian)池組(zu): 兩個以(yi)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)池串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)提供所需要(yao)操(cao)作的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流。一(yi)般使用下所說的(de)電(dian)(dian)池僅指單支電(dian)(dian)池。
放電(dian)電(dian)流:放電(dian)過(guo)程中需要多大的電(dian)流放電(dian)。
安全閥: 在電池蓋冒上設計的排氣小孔,當電池內部所釋放氣體的氣壓達到一定值時,小孔閥門自動打開排出氣體。上海施能電(dian)器設(she)備有限公司始建于1984年,上海市高新技術企業,中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商,上海電器行業名優產品,主要生產工頻系列充電機,高頻系列充電機,鋰電池充電機,系列放電機,系列充放電機等電器產品。
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