電池的分類和電池術語
2019/3/29 9:25:08??????點擊：
電(dian)池的分類有不(bu)同(tong)的方(fang)法，其分類方(fang)法大體上(shang)可分為(wei)三大類
第一類：按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)種類劃分包括(kuo)：堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質主要(yao)以(yi)氫氧(yang)化鉀(jia)火溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)主的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)：如：堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)鋅錳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（俗稱堿(jian)錳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）、鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，鎳(nie)氫 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)。酸性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，主要(yao)以(yi)硫酸水(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)介質，如鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（有的(de)消費者也稱之為(wei)酸性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）、海(hai)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)；有機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，主要(yao)以(yi)有機溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)介質的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如 鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)。
第二(er)類：按工作性質和貯(zhu)存方式劃分(fen)包括(kuo)：一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，又稱原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即不(bu)能再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；二(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)習慣上指鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，也是二(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即活性材料在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作時(shi)(shi)才連續(xu)不(bu)斷地從外部加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)氫氧燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等； 貯(zhu)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)貯(zhu)存時(shi)(shi)不(bu)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，直(zhi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)，才加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，如(ru)鎂化(hua)銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)又稱海水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。
第三類：按電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所用正、負極(ji)材料劃分包括：鋅(xin)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鋅(xin)錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋅(xin)銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)；鎳(nie)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、氫鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)：鉛(qian)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)；鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)；二氧化錳(meng)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鋅(xin)錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、堿錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)（氧氣(qi)(qi)）系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鋅(xin)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)
電(dian)池術語：
化(hua)學電源（又(you)稱(cheng)電池）: 一種直接把化(hua)學能(neng)(neng)轉變成電能(neng)(neng)的裝置。
一次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)（又稱原(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)池(chi)）: 一種只能(neng)用(yong)來放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，且(qie)在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)以后不能(neng)用(yong)充電(dian)的方(fang)法(fa)獲得(de)復原(yuan)(yuan)并能(neng)再次(ci)使用(yong)的電(dian)池(chi)。
二次電(dian)池（又稱(cheng)充電(dian)電(dian)池）: 一種在放電(dian)以(yi)后可以(yi)用充電(dian)的方法獲得復原并能再次使用的電(dian)池。
開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya): 外部電(dian)路(lu)斷開(kai)時，電(dian)池正負極之間的電(dian)位(wei)差(cha)。
負荷電壓: 電池輸出(chu)電流(liu)時，電池兩個極端的電位差。
標(biao)稱電壓（又稱額定電壓）: 規定的(de)電池開路電壓的(de)最低值。
終止電(dian)(dian)壓: 電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)試驗中(zhong)，規定結束放電(dian)(dian)的負(fu)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)壓。
貯(zhu)存壽命: 電池(chi)(chi)在規定(ding)條件下的貯(zhu)存期限，貯(zhu)存結束時，電池(chi)(chi)仍能(neng)保持規定(ding)的性能(neng)。
標稱容量(liang): 在一定條件(jian)下，規(gui)定電(dian)池應該給出的最低限度的電(dian)量(liang)。
內阻: 電(dian)池內部兩極(ji)之間的電(dian)阻。
循(xun)環壽命: 充電電池在失效前所能達到的充放電循(xun)環次數(shu)。
自放電(dian): 電(dian)池在荷電(dian)或(huo)貯(zhu)存狀態下，由(you)于(yu)各種原(yuan)因而引起的容量損失的現象(xiang)。
放(fang)(fang)電率(lv)(lv): 電池在規定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內放(fang)(fang)出額(e)(e)定容(rong)量時(shi)(shi)所(suo)需(xu)的電流值；或按一(yi)定輸(shu)出電流放(fang)(fang)完額(e)(e)定容(rong)量時(shi)(shi)所(suo)需(xu)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。常用倍率(lv)(lv)（若干C）或時(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)表示。
充(chong)電(dian)率: 蓄(xu)電(dian)池在規定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)內充(chong)到額定(ding)容量所(suo)需(xu)的電(dian)流值；或(huo)在一定(ding)電(dian)流下充(chong)到額定(ding)容量所(suo)需(xu)的時(shi)間(jian)。一般用倍率（若干(gan)C）或(huo)時(shi)率表示。
恒壓(ya)充電: 充電時(shi)，保持(chi)充電器(qi)兩(liang)端(duan)電壓(ya)始終不變的(de)一種充電方法。
恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian): 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保持(chi)不變的一種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法。
涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian): 以低(di)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)率（C/100C/20）對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保持全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)態的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。
記憶效應: 電(dian)池(chi)長時(shi)間經受特定的工(gong)作循(xun)環后，自動保持這一特定的電(dian)性能。不(bu)能全部放(fang)出額定容量，只(zhi)(zhi)能達到(dao)常用(yong)的放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)。譬(pi)如：一只(zhi)(zhi)額定容量為100%的電(dian)池(chi)，在(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)，如果在(zai)尚未用(yong)完電(dian)量后就充(chong)電(dian)，長期下(xia)去(qu)，電(dian)池(chi)就“記住(zhu)了(le)”這個“刻度(du)(du)”，以后再充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)到(dao)這個“刻度(du)(du)”就再也不(bu)容易充(chong)進(jin)去(qu)了(le)。
爬堿(jian)（漏）液: 電(dian)池內的電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液從正常情況下不(bu)與電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液接觸的電(dian)池外(wai)表面或電(dian)池部件上流出來。
電(dian)池(chi)/電(dian)池(chi)組: 兩個以上的電(dian)池(chi)串聯、并聯在一(yi)起提供(gong)所需要操作的電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)流。一(yi)般使用(yong)下(xia)所說的電(dian)池(chi)僅(jin)指單支電(dian)池(chi)。
放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流:放(fang)電(dian)過程(cheng)中需要多大的電(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)。
安全閥: 在電池蓋冒上設計的排氣小孔,當電池內部所釋放氣體的氣壓達到一定值時,小孔閥門自動打開排出氣體。上海施(shi)能電器設備(bei)有(you)限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
第一類：按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)種類劃分包括(kuo)：堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質主要(yao)以(yi)氫氧(yang)化鉀(jia)火溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)主的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)：如：堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)鋅錳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（俗稱堿(jian)錳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）、鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，鎳(nie)氫 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)。酸性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，主要(yao)以(yi)硫酸水(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)介質，如鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（有的(de)消費者也稱之為(wei)酸性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）、海(hai)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)；有機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，主要(yao)以(yi)有機溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)介質的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如 鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)。
第二(er)類：按工作性質和貯(zhu)存方式劃分(fen)包括(kuo)：一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，又稱原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即不(bu)能再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；二(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)習慣上指鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，也是二(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即活性材料在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作時(shi)(shi)才連續(xu)不(bu)斷地從外部加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)氫氧燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等； 貯(zhu)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)貯(zhu)存時(shi)(shi)不(bu)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，直(zhi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)，才加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，如(ru)鎂化(hua)銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)又稱海水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。
第三類：按電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所用正、負極(ji)材料劃分包括：鋅(xin)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鋅(xin)錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋅(xin)銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)；鎳(nie)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、氫鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)：鉛(qian)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)；鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)；二氧化錳(meng)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鋅(xin)錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、堿錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)（氧氣(qi)(qi)）系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)鋅(xin)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)(deng)
電(dian)池術語：
化(hua)學電源（又(you)稱(cheng)電池）: 一種直接把化(hua)學能(neng)(neng)轉變成電能(neng)(neng)的裝置。
一次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)（又稱原(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)池(chi)）: 一種只能(neng)用(yong)來放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，且(qie)在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)以后不能(neng)用(yong)充電(dian)的方(fang)法(fa)獲得(de)復原(yuan)(yuan)并能(neng)再次(ci)使用(yong)的電(dian)池(chi)。
二次電(dian)池（又稱(cheng)充電(dian)電(dian)池）: 一種在放電(dian)以(yi)后可以(yi)用充電(dian)的方法獲得復原并能再次使用的電(dian)池。
開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya): 外部電(dian)路(lu)斷開(kai)時，電(dian)池正負極之間的電(dian)位(wei)差(cha)。
負荷電壓: 電池輸出(chu)電流(liu)時，電池兩個極端的電位差。
標(biao)稱電壓（又稱額定電壓）: 規定的(de)電池開路電壓的(de)最低值。
終止電(dian)(dian)壓: 電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)試驗中(zhong)，規定結束放電(dian)(dian)的負(fu)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)壓。
貯(zhu)存壽命: 電池(chi)(chi)在規定(ding)條件下的貯(zhu)存期限，貯(zhu)存結束時，電池(chi)(chi)仍能(neng)保持規定(ding)的性能(neng)。
標稱容量(liang): 在一定條件(jian)下，規(gui)定電(dian)池應該給出的最低限度的電(dian)量(liang)。
內阻: 電(dian)池內部兩極(ji)之間的電(dian)阻。
循(xun)環壽命: 充電電池在失效前所能達到的充放電循(xun)環次數(shu)。
自放電(dian): 電(dian)池在荷電(dian)或(huo)貯(zhu)存狀態下，由(you)于(yu)各種原(yuan)因而引起的容量損失的現象(xiang)。
放(fang)(fang)電率(lv)(lv): 電池在規定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內放(fang)(fang)出額(e)(e)定容(rong)量時(shi)(shi)所(suo)需(xu)的電流值；或按一(yi)定輸(shu)出電流放(fang)(fang)完額(e)(e)定容(rong)量時(shi)(shi)所(suo)需(xu)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。常用倍率(lv)(lv)（若干C）或時(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)表示。
充(chong)電(dian)率: 蓄(xu)電(dian)池在規定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)內充(chong)到額定(ding)容量所(suo)需(xu)的電(dian)流值；或(huo)在一定(ding)電(dian)流下充(chong)到額定(ding)容量所(suo)需(xu)的時(shi)間(jian)。一般用倍率（若干(gan)C）或(huo)時(shi)率表示。
恒壓(ya)充電: 充電時(shi)，保持(chi)充電器(qi)兩(liang)端(duan)電壓(ya)始終不變的(de)一種充電方法。
恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian): 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保持(chi)不變的一種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法。
涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian): 以低(di)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)率（C/100C/20）對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保持全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)態的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。
記憶效應: 電(dian)池(chi)長時(shi)間經受特定的工(gong)作循(xun)環后，自動保持這一特定的電(dian)性能。不(bu)能全部放(fang)出額定容量，只(zhi)(zhi)能達到(dao)常用(yong)的放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)。譬(pi)如：一只(zhi)(zhi)額定容量為100%的電(dian)池(chi)，在(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)，如果在(zai)尚未用(yong)完電(dian)量后就充(chong)電(dian)，長期下(xia)去(qu)，電(dian)池(chi)就“記住(zhu)了(le)”這個“刻度(du)(du)”，以后再充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)到(dao)這個“刻度(du)(du)”就再也不(bu)容易充(chong)進(jin)去(qu)了(le)。
爬堿(jian)（漏）液: 電(dian)池內的電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液從正常情況下不(bu)與電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液接觸的電(dian)池外(wai)表面或電(dian)池部件上流出來。
電(dian)池(chi)/電(dian)池(chi)組: 兩個以上的電(dian)池(chi)串聯、并聯在一(yi)起提供(gong)所需要操作的電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)流。一(yi)般使用(yong)下(xia)所說的電(dian)池(chi)僅(jin)指單支電(dian)池(chi)。
放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流:放(fang)電(dian)過程(cheng)中需要多大的電(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)。
安全閥: 在電池蓋冒上設計的排氣小孔,當電池內部所釋放氣體的氣壓達到一定值時,小孔閥門自動打開排出氣體。上海施(shi)能電器設備(bei)有(you)限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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