電池的分類和電池術語
2019/3/29 9:25:08??????點擊：
電池的(de)分類(lei)有不(bu)同的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，其分類(lei)方(fang)法(fa)大體上可分為三大類(lei)
第一(yi)類：按電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)種類劃(hua)分(fen)包括：堿性電(dian)(dian)池，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)主(zhu)要以氫氧化鉀(jia)火溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)為主(zhu)的電(dian)(dian)池：如：堿性鋅錳電(dian)(dian)池（俗稱(cheng)堿錳電(dian)(dian)池或堿性電(dian)(dian)池）、鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)池，鎳氫 電(dian)(dian)池等(deng)(deng)。酸(suan)性電(dian)(dian)池，主(zhu)要以硫酸(suan)水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)為介(jie)質(zhi)，如鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)池（有的消費者也稱(cheng)之為酸(suan)性電(dian)(dian)池）、海水電(dian)(dian)池等(deng)(deng)；有機(ji)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)池，主(zhu)要以有機(ji)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)為介(jie)質(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)池，如 鋰電(dian)(dian)池、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池等(deng)(deng)。
第二類：按工(gong)作(zuo)性質和貯存方式劃分(fen)包括：一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，又稱原電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，即(ji)(ji)不(bu)能再充電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅錳(meng)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)；二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，即(ji)(ji)可充電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)；蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)習慣上指(zhi)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，也是二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)；燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，即(ji)(ji)活性材料在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)才(cai)連續不(bu)斷地從外(wai)部加(jia)(jia)入電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，如(ru)氫(qing)氧燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)； 貯備電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)貯存時(shi)不(bu)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)解液，直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用時(shi)，才(cai)加(jia)(jia)入電(dian)(dian)解液，如(ru)鎂化銀(yin)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)又稱海水(shui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)。
第三類：按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所(suo)用正、負極材料劃(hua)分包(bao)括：鋅系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋅銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；鎳(nie)系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、氫鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等：鉛系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)(li)錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；二氧化錳(meng)系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、堿錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；空氣（氧氣）系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅空電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等
電池(chi)術語(yu)：
化學(xue)電源（又稱電池）: 一(yi)種直接把(ba)化學(xue)能轉變成(cheng)電能的裝置(zhi)。
一次電池（又稱原(yuan)電池）: 一種只能用來放電，且在放電以后不能用充電的方法獲(huo)得復原(yuan)并(bing)能再次使用的電池。
二次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（又稱充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）: 一種在放電(dian)(dian)以后可以用(yong)(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的方法獲得(de)復原(yuan)并(bing)能再次(ci)(ci)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓: 外部電(dian)路(lu)斷開(kai)時，電(dian)池正負(fu)極之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)位差。
負荷(he)電壓: 電池(chi)輸出電流時，電池(chi)兩個極端(duan)的電位差。
標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（又稱額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）: 規定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的最低值(zhi)。
終止電(dian)壓: 電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)試驗中，規(gui)定結束放(fang)電(dian)的(de)負荷(he)電(dian)壓。
貯存(cun)(cun)壽(shou)命: 電池(chi)在(zai)規(gui)定條件下的(de)(de)貯存(cun)(cun)期限，貯存(cun)(cun)結束時，電池(chi)仍能保持規(gui)定的(de)(de)性能。
標稱容量: 在一定條件(jian)下，規定電(dian)池應該給(gei)出的最(zui)低限度的電(dian)量。
內阻(zu): 電池內部兩極(ji)之間的(de)電阻(zu)。
循環壽(shou)命: 充電電池在(zai)失效前所能達到的充放(fang)電循環次數(shu)。
自放電(dian): 電(dian)池在荷電(dian)或貯存狀(zhuang)態下，由于(yu)各種原因而引起(qi)的(de)容(rong)量損失的(de)現象。
放電率(lv)(lv)(lv): 電池在規(gui)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間內(nei)放出(chu)額(e)定(ding)容量時(shi)(shi)所需的電流(liu)(liu)值；或按一定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電流(liu)(liu)放完額(e)定(ding)容量時(shi)(shi)所需的時(shi)(shi)間。常用(yong)倍(bei)率(lv)(lv)(lv)（若干C）或時(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)表示(shi)。
充(chong)(chong)電率(lv)(lv): 蓄(xu)電池在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)時間內充(chong)(chong)到額定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)所(suo)(suo)需的電流值；或在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)電流下充(chong)(chong)到額定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)所(suo)(suo)需的時間。一(yi)般(ban)用倍率(lv)(lv)（若干C）或時率(lv)(lv)表(biao)示。
恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian): 充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器兩(liang)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)始終不變的(de)一種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法。
恒流(liu)充電(dian): 充電(dian)時，充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)保持不(bu)變的一種(zhong)充電(dian)方法。
涓流充電(dian)(dian): 以低充電(dian)(dian)率（C/100C/20）對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)恒流充電(dian)(dian)，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保持(chi)全充電(dian)(dian)態的一種充電(dian)(dian)方法。
記憶(yi)效應: 電(dian)池長時(shi)(shi)間經(jing)受特(te)定的(de)工作循環后(hou)，自動保(bao)持(chi)這一(yi)特(te)定的(de)電(dian)性能。不能全(quan)部放出(chu)額定容量(liang)，只能達(da)到常用的(de)放電(dian)深度。譬(pi)如：一(yi)只額定容量(liang)為100%的(de)電(dian)池，在(zai)使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)，如果在(zai)尚未(wei)用完電(dian)量(liang)后(hou)就充電(dian)，長期(qi)下去(qu)，電(dian)池就“記住了”這個“刻度”，以后(hou)再充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充到這個“刻度”就再也不容易充進去(qu)了。
爬堿(jian)（漏）液(ye): 電池內的電解液(ye)從正(zheng)常情況(kuang)下不與電解液(ye)接觸(chu)的電池外表面或電池部件上流出來。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)/電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu): 兩個(ge)以(yi)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)在一起(qi)提供所需要操作的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。一般(ban)使用下所說的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)僅指單支電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu):放電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中需要(yao)多(duo)大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)。
安全閥: 在電池蓋冒上設計的排氣小孔,當電池內部所釋放氣體的氣壓達到一定值時,小孔閥門自動打開排出氣體。上(shang)海(hai)施(shi)能電器(qi)設備有(you)限公司(si)始建(jian)于(yu)1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
第一(yi)類：按電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)種類劃(hua)分(fen)包括：堿性電(dian)(dian)池，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)主(zhu)要以氫氧化鉀(jia)火溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)為主(zhu)的電(dian)(dian)池：如：堿性鋅錳電(dian)(dian)池（俗稱(cheng)堿錳電(dian)(dian)池或堿性電(dian)(dian)池）、鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)池，鎳氫 電(dian)(dian)池等(deng)(deng)。酸(suan)性電(dian)(dian)池，主(zhu)要以硫酸(suan)水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)為介(jie)質(zhi)，如鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)池（有的消費者也稱(cheng)之為酸(suan)性電(dian)(dian)池）、海水電(dian)(dian)池等(deng)(deng)；有機(ji)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)池，主(zhu)要以有機(ji)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)為介(jie)質(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)池，如 鋰電(dian)(dian)池、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池等(deng)(deng)。
第二類：按工(gong)作(zuo)性質和貯存方式劃分(fen)包括：一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，又稱原電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，即(ji)(ji)不(bu)能再充電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅錳(meng)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)；二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，即(ji)(ji)可充電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)；蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)習慣上指(zhi)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，也是二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)；燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，即(ji)(ji)活性材料在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)才(cai)連續不(bu)斷地從外(wai)部加(jia)(jia)入電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，如(ru)氫(qing)氧燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)； 貯備電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)貯存時(shi)不(bu)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)解液，直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用時(shi)，才(cai)加(jia)(jia)入電(dian)(dian)解液，如(ru)鎂化銀(yin)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)又稱海水(shui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)。
第三類：按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所(suo)用正、負極材料劃(hua)分包(bao)括：鋅系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋅銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；鎳(nie)系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、氫鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等：鉛系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)(li)錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；二氧化錳(meng)系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、堿錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等；空氣（氧氣）系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如(ru)鋅空電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等
電池(chi)術語(yu)：
化學(xue)電源（又稱電池）: 一(yi)種直接把(ba)化學(xue)能轉變成(cheng)電能的裝置(zhi)。
一次電池（又稱原(yuan)電池）: 一種只能用來放電，且在放電以后不能用充電的方法獲(huo)得復原(yuan)并(bing)能再次使用的電池。
二次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（又稱充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）: 一種在放電(dian)(dian)以后可以用(yong)(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的方法獲得(de)復原(yuan)并(bing)能再次(ci)(ci)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓: 外部電(dian)路(lu)斷開(kai)時，電(dian)池正負(fu)極之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)位差。
負荷(he)電壓: 電池(chi)輸出電流時，電池(chi)兩個極端(duan)的電位差。
標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（又稱額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）: 規定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的最低值(zhi)。
終止電(dian)壓: 電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)試驗中，規(gui)定結束放(fang)電(dian)的(de)負荷(he)電(dian)壓。
貯存(cun)(cun)壽(shou)命: 電池(chi)在(zai)規(gui)定條件下的(de)(de)貯存(cun)(cun)期限，貯存(cun)(cun)結束時，電池(chi)仍能保持規(gui)定的(de)(de)性能。
標稱容量: 在一定條件(jian)下，規定電(dian)池應該給(gei)出的最(zui)低限度的電(dian)量。
內阻(zu): 電池內部兩極(ji)之間的(de)電阻(zu)。
循環壽(shou)命: 充電電池在(zai)失效前所能達到的充放(fang)電循環次數(shu)。
自放電(dian): 電(dian)池在荷電(dian)或貯存狀(zhuang)態下，由于(yu)各種原因而引起(qi)的(de)容(rong)量損失的(de)現象。
放電率(lv)(lv)(lv): 電池在規(gui)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間內(nei)放出(chu)額(e)定(ding)容量時(shi)(shi)所需的電流(liu)(liu)值；或按一定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電流(liu)(liu)放完額(e)定(ding)容量時(shi)(shi)所需的時(shi)(shi)間。常用(yong)倍(bei)率(lv)(lv)(lv)（若干C）或時(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)表示(shi)。
充(chong)(chong)電率(lv)(lv): 蓄(xu)電池在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)時間內充(chong)(chong)到額定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)所(suo)(suo)需的電流值；或在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)電流下充(chong)(chong)到額定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)所(suo)(suo)需的時間。一(yi)般(ban)用倍率(lv)(lv)（若干C）或時率(lv)(lv)表(biao)示。
恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian): 充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器兩(liang)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)始終不變的(de)一種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法。
恒流(liu)充電(dian): 充電(dian)時，充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)保持不(bu)變的一種(zhong)充電(dian)方法。
涓流充電(dian)(dian): 以低充電(dian)(dian)率（C/100C/20）對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)恒流充電(dian)(dian)，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保持(chi)全充電(dian)(dian)態的一種充電(dian)(dian)方法。
記憶(yi)效應: 電(dian)池長時(shi)(shi)間經(jing)受特(te)定的(de)工作循環后(hou)，自動保(bao)持(chi)這一(yi)特(te)定的(de)電(dian)性能。不能全(quan)部放出(chu)額定容量(liang)，只能達(da)到常用的(de)放電(dian)深度。譬(pi)如：一(yi)只額定容量(liang)為100%的(de)電(dian)池，在(zai)使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)，如果在(zai)尚未(wei)用完電(dian)量(liang)后(hou)就充電(dian)，長期(qi)下去(qu)，電(dian)池就“記住了”這個“刻度”，以后(hou)再充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充到這個“刻度”就再也不容易充進去(qu)了。
爬堿(jian)（漏）液(ye): 電池內的電解液(ye)從正(zheng)常情況(kuang)下不與電解液(ye)接觸(chu)的電池外表面或電池部件上流出來。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)/電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu): 兩個(ge)以(yi)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)在一起(qi)提供所需要操作的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。一般(ban)使用下所說的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)僅指單支電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu):放電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中需要(yao)多(duo)大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)。
安全閥: 在電池蓋冒上設計的排氣小孔,當電池內部所釋放氣體的氣壓達到一定值時,小孔閥門自動打開排出氣體。上(shang)海(hai)施(shi)能電器(qi)設備有(you)限公司(si)始建(jian)于(yu)1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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