蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)機的(de)種類很多，目(mu)前應用(yong)最(zui)廣的(de)主要(yao)是密封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鎳鎘電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)原理都是一樣的(de)，即都是通過化學反應產(chan)生正負離(li)子形成電(dian)流。

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中會(hui)(hui)產生氧氣(qi)，在(zai)密(mi)封式蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中，這(zhe)些正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧氣(qi)可(ke)以通過(guo)隔膜和氣(qi)室被負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)吸收，整個化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應形成(cheng)(cheng)一個循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應形式。就密(mi)封式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)壓(ya)有(you)限，因此負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收速(su)度也是(shi)有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)，正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產生氧氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度過(guo)快(kuai)(kuai)，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收速(su)度跟不(bu)上氧氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生速(su)度，長(chang)時間(jian)之后必然造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失(shi)水，從而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短(duan)路硫(liu)酸化(hua)等失(shi)效現象，損害(hai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)，縮短(duan)其使用(yong)壽命。同時高(gao)速(su)率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部壓(ya)力上升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度上升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻升(sheng)高(gao)，這(zhe)不(bu)僅會(hui)(hui)縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命，而且(qie)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)永久性(xing)傷害(hai)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)一化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應原理(li)是(shi)研(yan)究制定(ding)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)加快(kuai)(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應，使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度得到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，又要(yao)保證負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收能(neng)(neng)力，使其能(neng)(neng)夠跟得上正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)氧氣(qi)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度，同時要(yao)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)現象。

　　提高蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機速度有2種(zhong)方(fang)式，一是改進蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)結(jie)構以降低其內阻和(he)提高反應離子的(de)(de)擴散速度，二是改進蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法。本文中對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法作了(le)重點論述(shu)。