蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)種類很多，目(mu)前應用最廣(guang)的(de)主要是密(mi)封鉛酸蓄電(dian)池和鎳鎘電(dian)池。這(zhe)2種蓄電(dian)池的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)原理都(dou)是一樣的(de)，即都(dou)是通過化學反(fan)應產生(sheng)正負離子形成電(dian)流。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中會(hui)產生氧(yang)氣(qi)，在(zai)密封式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中，這(zhe)(zhe)些正極(ji)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)可(ke)以通過隔膜和氣(qi)室被負(fu)極(ji)吸(xi)收(shou)，整個化(hua)學反(fan)應形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應形(xing)式。就密封式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而(er)言，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)有限，因此負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)也是有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過高，正極(ji)產生氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)過快(kuai)，負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)跟不上氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生速(su)(su)(su)度(du)，長時(shi)間(jian)之(zhi)后必然造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失(shi)水，從(cong)而(er)誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短路(lu)硫酸化(hua)等(deng)失(shi)效現(xian)(xian)象，損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，縮短其使(shi)用壽命(ming)(ming)。同時(shi)高速(su)(su)(su)率充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化(hua)會(hui)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部壓(ya)力上升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)上升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻(zu)升(sheng)高，這(zhe)(zhe)不僅會(hui)縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)(ming)，而(er)且有可(ke)能(neng)(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)造成(cheng)永久性傷害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)化(hua)學反(fan)應原理是研究制定快(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，快(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)(yao)盡量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學反(fan)應，使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)得到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高;另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，又要(yao)(yao)保證負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)能(neng)(neng)力，使(shi)其能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)跟得上正極(ji)氧(yang)氣(qi)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)，同時(shi)要(yao)(yao)盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化(hua)現(xian)(xian)象。

　　提高蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)速(su)度(du)有2種方式，一是(shi)(shi)改進(jin)蓄電(dian)池的(de)結構以降低(di)其內阻和提高反應(ying)離子(zi)的(de)擴散速(su)度(du)，二是(shi)(shi)改進(jin)蓄電(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)方法。本文中對充(chong)電(dian)方法作了重(zhong)點論述。