蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)種類很(hen)多，目前應用最廣的(de)(de)主要是(shi)密封鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這2種蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理都是(shi)一樣的(de)(de)，即都是(shi)通過化學反應產生正負(fu)離子形成電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)會產(chan)生氧氣(qi)，在密封式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，這些(xie)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧氣(qi)可(ke)以通(tong)過隔膜和氣(qi)室被負極(ji)(ji)吸收，整個化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)形(xing)成一個循環的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應(ying)形(xing)式。就密封式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)有(you)限，因此負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收速(su)(su)度(du)也是(shi)有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過高(gao)，正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)產(chan)生氧氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)過快，負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收速(su)(su)度(du)跟(gen)不(bu)上(shang)氧氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生速(su)(su)度(du)，長時間之后必(bi)然造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失水，從而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微短(duan)路硫酸(suan)化(hua)等失效現象，損(sun)害(hai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，縮短(duan)其使用壽命。同(tong)時高(gao)速(su)(su)率(lv)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)會造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)力上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)，這不(bu)僅會縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命，而且有(you)可(ke)能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成永久(jiu)性傷害(hai)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)原理是(shi)研究制(zhi)定快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一方面，快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)盡量(liang)加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)，使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度(du)得到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一方面，又要(yao)保(bao)證負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收能力，使其能夠(gou)跟(gen)得上(shang)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)氧氣(qi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)，同(tong)時要(yao)盡可(ke)能消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)現象。

　　提高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)機速(su)度有2種(zhong)方(fang)式，一是(shi)改進蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的結構以降低其內阻和(he)提高(gao)反應離子的擴散速(su)度，二(er)是(shi)改進蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。本文中對充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)作(zuo)了(le)重(zhong)點論(lun)述。