蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)機(ji)的種(zhong)類(lei)很多，目前應用最廣的主要是(shi)(shi)密封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池和鎳鎘電(dian)池。這2種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的充放電(dian)原(yuan)理(li)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)一樣的，即都(dou)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過化學(xue)反應產生(sheng)正負(fu)離子形成電(dian)流。

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中會產(chan)生(sheng)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)密封(feng)式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中，這些正極(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)可(ke)以通過(guo)隔膜和氣(qi)(qi)室被負(fu)極(ji)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收，整個化學反(fan)應(ying)形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)個循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應(ying)形(xing)式。就密封(feng)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而(er)言(yan)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)有(you)限(xian)，因此負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收速(su)(su)度(du)也(ye)是有(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高，正極(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)過(guo)快(kuai)，負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收速(su)(su)度(du)跟(gen)不上氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)速(su)(su)度(du)，長時間之后必然造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失(shi)水(shui)，從而(er)誘(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短路(lu)硫酸(suan)化等失(shi)效(xiao)現(xian)象，損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，縮短其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)。同(tong)(tong)時高速(su)(su)率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)力(li)上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升高，這不僅會縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)，而(er)且有(you)可(ke)能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造成(cheng)永久性傷(shang)害。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)化學反(fan)應(ying)原理(li)是研究制定快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一(yi)方面，快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡量(liang)加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學反(fan)應(ying)，使(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度(du)得到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高;另一(yi)方面，又要保證負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收能力(li)，使(shi)其(qi)能夠跟(gen)得上正極(ji)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)，同(tong)(tong)時要盡可(ke)能消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化現(xian)象。

　　提高蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)機速(su)(su)度有2種方式，一是(shi)改進蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)結構以降低其內阻和提高反應離子(zi)的(de)擴散速(su)(su)度，二是(shi)改進蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)方法(fa)(fa)。本(ben)文中對(dui)充電(dian)方法(fa)(fa)作了重點(dian)論述。