蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)種類很多，目前應(ying)用(yong)最廣的(de)主要是密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。這2種蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)原理(li)都是一樣的(de)，即(ji)都是通過化(hua)學反應(ying)產生正(zheng)負離子(zi)形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中會產(chan)生(sheng)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)式蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中，這(zhe)些正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)隔膜和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室被負極(ji)吸收(shou)，整個化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應形成(cheng)一個循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應形式。就密(mi)(mi)封(feng)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，它的(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)有限(xian)，因(yin)此負極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)也是有限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)，正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)快(kuai)，負極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)跟(gen)不上(shang)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)，長時(shi)間之后(hou)必然造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失水，從(cong)而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)短(duan)路硫(liu)酸化(hua)等失效現(xian)象，損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)質量，縮短(duan)其使(shi)用壽(shou)命。同(tong)時(shi)高(gao)速(su)率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化(hua)會造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)力上(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻升(sheng)高(gao)，這(zhe)不僅(jin)會縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命，而且有可(ke)能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)永久性傷害。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)一化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應原理是研究制定快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)根本。一方面，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應，使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)得到最大的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一方面，又要保證負極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)能(neng)力，使(shi)其能(neng)夠(gou)跟(gen)得上(shang)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)，同(tong)時(shi)要盡可(ke)能(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化(hua)現(xian)象。

　　提(ti)高(gao)蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)機速度有2種方式(shi)，一是(shi)改(gai)進蓄電(dian)池的(de)結構(gou)以降(jiang)低其內阻和提(ti)高(gao)反應(ying)離子的(de)擴散速度，二是(shi)改(gai)進蓄電(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)方法。本文中對充(chong)電(dian)方法作(zuo)了重點(dian)論述。