蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)種類很多，目(mu)前應用(yong)最廣的(de)主要是密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。這2種蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)原理(li)都是一樣的(de)，即都是通過化學(xue)反應產生正負(fu)離子形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)會產(chan)生氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)，在密(mi)封(feng)式(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)，這些正極(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)可以通過隔膜和(he)氣(qi)室被負極(ji)(ji)(ji)吸收，整個化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個循環的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。就密(mi)封(feng)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，它的(de)(de)(de)內壓有(you)限(xian)，因此負極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸收速(su)度也是有(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)。如果充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過高，正極(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)生氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度過快，負極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸收速(su)度跟不(bu)上(shang)(shang)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生速(su)度，長時間(jian)之后必然造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)失水，從而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)微短路硫酸(suan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)等失效現(xian)象，損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，縮短其(qi)使(shi)用壽命(ming)。同(tong)時高速(su)率充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓力上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升(sheng)高，這不(bu)僅(jin)會縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)，而且有(you)可能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)永久(jiu)性傷害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應原理是研(yan)究制定快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)根本。一(yi)方面(mian)，快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡量加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應，使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度得到最大的(de)(de)(de)提高;另一(yi)方面(mian)，又(you)要保證負極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸收能(neng)力，使(shi)其(qi)能(neng)夠跟得上(shang)(shang)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度，同(tong)時要盡可能(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)現(xian)象。

　　提高蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機速度有2種方式，一是(shi)改(gai)進蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)結構以降低其內(nei)阻和提高反應離(li)子的(de)擴散速度，二是(shi)改(gai)進蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。本文中(zhong)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法作了重點(dian)論述(shu)。