蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)機的(de)種類很多，目前應用最廣的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)是密(mi)封鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池和鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)原理都(dou)是一樣的(de)，即都(dou)是通過(guo)化學反(fan)應產生正負離子形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)流。

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中會產(chan)生(sheng)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)密封式蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中，這些正極產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)以通過隔膜和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室被(bei)負(fu)極吸(xi)收(shou)，整(zheng)個(ge)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)形(xing)成一(yi)個(ge)循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)形(xing)式。就密封式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而(er)(er)言，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)壓有限(xian)，因此(ci)負(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)速度(du)(du)也是有限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過高(gao)，正極產(chan)生(sheng)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)(du)過快(kuai)，負(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)速度(du)(du)跟不上(shang)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)速度(du)(du)，長時(shi)間之后必然造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失(shi)水，從而(er)(er)誘發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短(duan)路硫酸化(hua)(hua)等失(shi)效現象(xiang)，損(sun)害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，縮短(duan)其(qi)(qi)使用壽命。同(tong)時(shi)高(gao)速率充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極化(hua)(hua)會造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部壓力(li)上(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)升(sheng)高(gao)，這不僅會縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命，而(er)(er)且(qie)有可(ke)能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成永久性傷害。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)原(yuan)理是研究(jiu)制(zhi)定快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡(jin)量(liang)加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，使充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)(du)得(de)到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，又(you)要保(bao)證負(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)能(neng)力(li)，使其(qi)(qi)能(neng)夠跟得(de)上(shang)正極氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)(du)，同(tong)時(shi)要盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極化(hua)(hua)現象(xiang)。

　　提高蓄電池充(chong)電機(ji)速度有(you)2種方(fang)式(shi)，一是改進蓄電池的(de)(de)結構(gou)以降低其內阻(zu)和提高反(fan)應(ying)離(li)子的(de)(de)擴散速度，二是改進蓄電池的(de)(de)充(chong)電方(fang)法。本文中(zhong)對充(chong)電方(fang)法作了重點論(lun)述。