蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)種類很多，目(mu)前(qian)應用最廣(guang)的(de)(de)主要是密封鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池和(he)鎳鎘電(dian)池。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)原(yuan)理都是一樣的(de)(de)，即都是通過化學反應產生正負(fu)離子形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)流。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)會產(chan)生氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)，在(zai)密(mi)封(feng)式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，這些正(zheng)極(ji)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)可(ke)(ke)以通過(guo)隔膜(mo)和氣(qi)室被負(fu)極(ji)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)，整個化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應形(xing)成一個循環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反應形(xing)式。就密(mi)封(feng)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)(ya)有(you)(you)限，因此負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)也是(shi)有(you)(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)高(gao)，正(zheng)極(ji)產(chan)生氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)過(guo)快(kuai)，負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)跟不(bu)上(shang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生速(su)(su)(su)度(du)，長時間之后必然造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失水，從而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短(duan)路硫酸化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等失效現象，損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，縮短(duan)其使用壽(shou)(shou)命。同時高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)壓(ya)(ya)力上(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻升(sheng)高(gao)，這不(bu)僅會縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命，而且有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)能對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)造成永(yong)久性傷(shang)害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這一化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應原理是(shi)研(yan)究制定快(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)。一方面(mian)，快(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡量(liang)加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應，使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)得到最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一方面(mian)，又(you)要保證負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)能力，使其能夠(gou)跟得上(shang)正(zheng)極(ji)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)，同時要盡可(ke)(ke)能消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)現象。

　　提(ti)高蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)機速度有2種(zhong)方式，一是(shi)改(gai)進蓄(xu)電(dian)池的結構(gou)以降低其內阻和提(ti)高反應離子的擴散速度，二是(shi)改(gai)進蓄(xu)電(dian)池的充電(dian)方法。本文中對(dui)充電(dian)方法作了重點論述。