大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心技(ji)術設(she)備展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)將于4月8-10日在上(shang)海新國(guo)際博覽(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)心召開，在亞(ya)洲最大的展(zhan)館舉辦(ban)及國(guo)際展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)公司加盟將會(hui)使2014中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心技(ji)術設(she)備展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)會(hui)更精彩。
大(da)功率高(gao)壓發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)智能交流/直(zhi)流負載是公(gong)司(si)近兩年(nian)推出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)產品(pin)，主要用(yong)于(yu)中高(gao)壓發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)檢測及維護。該(gai)負載融(rong)(rong)合了公(gong)司(si)最(zui)先進的(de)(de)(de)負載技(ji)術(shu)，將集“常(chang)規(gui)負載柜”與“降(jiang)壓變壓器(qi)”所有功能于(yu)一(yi)體，直(zhi)接接入(ru)高(gao)壓發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)，既可以完成中高(gao)壓發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)靜態、整定、波動、突加(jia)、突卸、諧波分析等(deng)重要測試，使用(yong)方(fang)便，極大(da)降(jiang)低了用(yong)戶資(zi)金投入(ru)。日前，該(gai)設備已廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)全(quan)球范(fan)圍內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)中心、應急/后(hou)備電(dian)源、通(tong)訊、電(dian)力、軍隊(dui)、航天、科研院所、船舶、海洋平臺、鐵路(lu)、油田、工礦、金融(rong)(rong)、高(gao)校等(deng)領(ling)域。
作為(wei)國(guo)內起步較早的(de)數據中(zhong)心應急/后備(bei)電源檢測設備(bei)研發(fa)、生產廠家(jia)，北(bei)京玉新連城有限公司一(yi)直(zhi)走在行業前列。2009年(nian)(nian)，公司自主研發(fa)制(zhi)造的(de)“大(da)功率(lv)干(gan)式交(jiao)流(liu)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)柜”榮獲中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際專利與(yu)品牌(pai)博覽會金獎；2010年(nian)(nian)，大(da)功率(lv)干(gan)式交(jiao)流(liu)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)柜順利通(tong)過河北(bei)省科技(ji)(ji)廳技(ji)(ji)術鑒(jian)定，整體(ti)技(ji)(ji)術水平達(da)“國(guo)際先進”；同年(nian)(nian)，公司起草并備(bei)案了行業內唯一(yi)企業標(biao)準(zhun)——《干(gan)式交(jiao)流(liu)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)》。此次展會，將為(wei)公司提供(gong)一(yi)個良好的(de)推廣平臺。
推車(che)啟動充(chong)電機方法及(ji)原理
在筆者還(huan)(huan)是新(xin)手的(de)時(shi)(shi)候，有一(yi)次尷尬的(de)經歷至今讓我記憶猶(you)新(xin)。那(nei)時(shi)(shi)我拿本的(de)時(shi)(shi)間不長，對車的(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)解也(ye)比(bi)較有限。有一(yi)回開(kai)著單(dan)位老斯柯(ke)達弗雷西亞出門辦事(shi)，當時(shi)(shi)正值夏天(tian)，一(yi)路開(kai)著空調(diao)(diao)。在出城以前(qian)的(de)路上(shang)(shang)(shang)，停車怠速(su)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)看見儀表上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶燈(deng)老亮，當時(shi)(shi)有些(xie)納悶，但也(ye)沒太(tai)當回事(shi)。出城以后(hou)一(yi)路高速(su)倒(dao)也(ye)無事(shi)，到達旅館以后(hou)天(tian)已經黑了(le)(le)(le)(le)。第二天(tian)早上(shang)(shang)(shang)起(qi)來一(yi)看車，發現不對，好像車燈(deng)沒關(guan)，再(zai)進入車內(nei)一(yi)看，音(yin)響也(ye)沒關(guan)。自(zi)覺慚愧(kui)的(de)同時(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)暗暗慶幸別人(ren)(ren)沒看見，趕緊關(guan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)設備準備開(kai)車走(zou)人(ren)(ren)。一(yi)擰(ning)鑰匙門發現壞了(le)(le)(le)(le)，只聽著啟動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)響了(le)(le)(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不再(zai)動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。怎(zen)么回事(shi)？好像車子沒電(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)？沒辦法，只好打電(dian)(dian)話回單(dan)位問(wen)老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)怎(zen)么辦。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)解決問(wen)題(ti)，所(suo)有的(de)情況肯(ken)(ken)定(ding)(ding)是“老實交(jiao)代”了(le)(le)(le)(le)。老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)聽就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)知道(dao)：得了(le)(le)(le)(le)，肯(ken)(ken)定(ding)(ding)是電(dian)(dian)瓶沒電(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，這(zhe)(zhe)破(po)車的(de)空調(diao)(diao)和音(yin)響都是后(hou)加的(de)，加空調(diao)(diao)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候沒換發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，加上(shang)(shang)(shang)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)本來就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有點問(wen)題(ti)，所(suo)以一(yi)開(kai)空調(diao)(diao)電(dian)(dian)瓶就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會虧電(dian)(dian)。加上(shang)(shang)(shang)一(yi)宿的(de)車燈(deng)和音(yin)響，電(dian)(dian)瓶肯(ken)(ken)定(ding)(ding)是沒戲了(le)(le)(le)(le)。那(nei)怎(zen)么辦？老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)主(zhu)意：找個(ge)車搭電(dian)(dian)試(shi)試(shi)。這(zhe)(zhe)背井離鄉的(de)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)哪找這(zhe)(zhe)車去？就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)算有人(ren)(ren)愿(yuan)意幫忙(mang)(mang)，也(ye)沒搭線啊？這(zhe)(zhe)著肯(ken)(ken)定(ding)(ding)不行(xing)。最后(hou)老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)說(shuo)(shuo)，還(huan)(huan)有一(yi)辦法，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是找人(ren)(ren)幫你推，或許能推著。于是我按照老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法，找了(le)(le)(le)(le)幾個(ge)保安(an)幫忙(mang)(mang)，終于將車發動(dong)起(qi)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)……
這段經歷(li)讓我至(zhi)今難忘，也(ye)徹底讓我明白(bai)了(le)車是可以推著的(de)(de)。那車輛(liang)推著的(de)(de)原理是什么(me)呢？車輛(liang)到底應該如何(he)推著呢？隨著對汽車了(le)解的(de)(de)深入，這些原理也(ye)逐步清(qing)晰，現就將這些體會和理解與大(da)家分析，也(ye)對在這方面(mian)還(huan)不(bu)了(le)解的(de)(de)車友一些幫(bang)助。
我們(men)知道汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的點(dian)火方式是(shi)依靠火花塞的高壓(ya)放點(dian)產(chan)生的電(dian)弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)油的，而柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)則沒有(you)點(dian)火系(xi)統(tong)，完(wan)全依靠其(qi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的高壓(ya)縮(suo)比(bi)使(shi)柴(chai)油處于高溫(wen)高壓(ya)狀態，自(zi)行燃(ran)燒的。由此(ci)，現在人們(men)總是(shi)根據這(zhe)個緣由對汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產(chan)生了誤(wu)解，會(hui)自(zi)然而然地(di)認為汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不能靠外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)來使(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的，只有(you)柴(chai)油機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以通過外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)以運轉(zhuan)。其(qi)實(shi)這(zhe)種看法并不完(wan)全正確，那(nei)(nei)么汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)到底能不能像柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)那(nei)(nei)樣(yang)靠推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛使(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無論是(shi)化油(you)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)油(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴(pen)油(you)供(gong)(gong)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，在(zai)我們(men)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)車(che)(che)輛將鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入(ru)(ru)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔后(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)，第一檔都是(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向盤(pan)才可(ke)以轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后(hou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至(zhi)第二擋，其作用(yong)是(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通主(zhu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)時(shi)我們(men)可(ke)以明顯的(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤(pan)上(shang)看到(dao)(dao)各種指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)點亮起(qi)，如(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻(que)液指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)、制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)等，這(zhe)意味著此(ci)(ci)時(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處于接(jie)通狀(zhuang)態，接(jie)通了(le)ECU和各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其在(zai)得到(dao)(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)信號后(hou)可(ke)以正(zheng)常(chang)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)工(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)態，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)火花塞的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也(ye)是(shi)接(jie)通的(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)知(zhi)道此(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)態下，由于發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒(mei)有運轉(zhuan)，因此(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)沒(mei)有工(gong)(gong)作，給整車(che)(che)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源不是(shi)車(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)是(shi)車(che)(che)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最后(hou)當(dang)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)(ji)續向下轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)通了(le)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)是(shi)控制啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)通后(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)得到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)和飛輪(lun)(lun)相(xiang)嚙合(he)，飛輪(lun)(lun)在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)和活塞運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一個氣缸進(jin)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)(dao)壓(ya)縮(suo)沖程末(mo)端(duan)時(shi)，曲(qu)軸(zhou)位置傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)收(shou)到(dao)(dao)信號，傳(chuan)遞給ECU，在(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)控制下，此(ci)(ci)氣缸的(de)(de)(de)火花塞進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃(ran)混合(he)氣，進(jin)入(ru)(ru)做(zuo)功沖程。至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)態，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程也(ye)就(jiu)結束了(le)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)曲(qu)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)工(gong)(gong)作，取代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為全(quan)車(che)(che)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也(ye)回到(dao)(dao)了(le)第二擋的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)，維持全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)通，使ECU和各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)報警燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻(que)液指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)等都將熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)也(ye)將和飛輪(lun)(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)脫離嚙合(he)，以保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。
我們說(shuo)人們普遍認為的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)推著的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)種(zhong)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有其依據，但又不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)完全正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們知道對于(yu)(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)車(che)輛中采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，其發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)要依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花進行點火(huo)，依靠各個傳感(gan)器傳給ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制(zhi)噴(pen)油(you)(you)和噴(pen)油(you)(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。從(cong)上面對整(zheng)個發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡述也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)難看(kan)出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)對于(yu)(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)旦失去了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)法(fa)(fa)點火(huo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)正常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)時，一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損壞沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸出(chu)，全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通，主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通，ECU和各傳感(gan)器不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)接(jie)通無(wu)法(fa)(fa)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)由(you)于(yu)(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路中沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)使起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，這(zhe)時發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒(mei)有運轉，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)進入工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，進而(er)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從(cong)這(zhe)方面來看(kan)，上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)(shi)有其道理的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)(neng)正常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時，僅因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)可以依靠外力推著，這(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)為什么呢？
我們在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)量不足的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)汽(qi)車時，只(zhi)要接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)全車電(dian)(dian)路，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可以采用推(tui)的(de)(de)(de)方法使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。從(cong)上面所說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理看，其原(yuan)因(yin)在于(yu)當全車電(dian)(dian)路及主繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)ECU和(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)也(ye)處于(yu)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，能正常工作(zuo)，火(huo)花塞(sai)(sai)電(dian)(dian)路也(ye)被(bei)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，此時只(zhi)要曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過皮帶(dai)輪(lun)與曲軸相連的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)便開始(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便能為(wei)全車進(jin)行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，當傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)檢測到曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，便開始(shi)給ECU信號，在發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制噴油器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁閥在指定氣缸內噴油，火(huo)花塞(sai)(sai)進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)，引燃(ran)混合氣，至此實(shi)現了(le)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此過程實(shi)際上與起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪(lun)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程類似，只(zhi)是這種方法避(bi)開了(le)刺激繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，由(you)外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車向前運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸運(yun)轉(zhuan)取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸運(yun)轉(zhuan)。
至(zhi)此，我們了解(jie)到對于一臺汽(qi)油(you)機(ji)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的汽(qi)車來說(shuo)，只要(yao)(yao)全車電路能接通，ECU和傳感器能工作(zuo)，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)就可以(yi)被推著(zhu)。要(yao)(yao)知道，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)被帶動(dong)以(yi)后，發(fa)電機(ji)也(ye)會同時產生電能，而火(huo)花塞點(dian)火(huo)是(shi)瞬間點(dian)火(huo)，它需要(yao)(yao)的電能其實并(bing)不(bu)大，因此只要(yao)(yao)發(fa)電機(ji)沒損壞(huai)，即使電瓶完全沒有點(dian)，車輛也(ye)是(shi)可以(yi)推著(zhu)的。
我們(men)在推(tui)著發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的時候要(yao)注意(yi)些什么(me)呢？首先(xian)要(yao)想推(tui)著一臺電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的車輛，要(yao)先(xian)確(que)定(ding)其(qi)(qi)變速箱(xiang)是手動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)，這是極為重要(yao)的一點(dian)，對(dui)于配備自動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)的汽油電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的車輛來說，由于自動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)的結構(gou)特性，無論采取什么(me)辦法都是無法將其(qi)(qi)推(tui)著的。其(qi)(qi)次，要(yao)推(tui)著一部汽車也要(yao)先(xian)確(que)定(ding)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)必須是可以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的，否則即使(shi)靠電(dian)(dian)瓶的殘(can)余電(dian)(dian)能點(dian)火(huo)成功，運轉的發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)馬上又(you)會將電(dian)(dian)瓶的電(dian)(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)重歸熄火(huo)。
具(ju)備這些(xie)條件才可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)推的(de)(de)方法應急啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機。在(zai)推之前(qian)，首先將(jiang)鑰匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)路接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和傳(chuan)感器進(jin)(jin)入工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)時(shi)(shi)，掛入前(qian)進(jin)(jin)檔后，踩住離合器踏(ta)(ta)板(ban)不(bu)能(neng)松(song)開，這時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)車(che)(che)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)定速(su)度后，松(song)開離合器踏(ta)(ta)板(ban)，讓車(che)(che)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通(tong)過上(shang)面我(wo)們介紹(shao)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機就可(ke)以(yi)正常運轉了，同時(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機也開始為(wei)電(dian)(dian)瓶進(jin)(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)了。需要主意的(de)(de)是，我(wo)們推車(che)(che)之前(qian)掛入的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)擋(dang)應該是2檔或3檔。之所以(yi)不(bu)能(neng)采用(yong)(yong)1檔進(jin)(jin)行推車(che)(che)，原(yuan)(yuan)因是由于1檔的(de)(de)扭矩較(jiao)大(da)，其傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式是大(da)齒(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)大(da)，而在(zai)1檔推車(che)(che)時(shi)(shi)，則與正常行駛狀(zhuang)態(tai)相(xiang)反(fan)，是小齒(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)輪(lun)，從杠桿原(yuan)(yuan)理上(shang)講，小齒(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)輪(lun)運轉阻力是相(xiang)當大(da)的(de)(de)，所以(yi)我(wo)們推是極為(wei)困難的(de)(de)。而采用(yong)(yong)2檔或3檔推車(che)(che)時(shi)(shi)，其齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)小，推車(che)(che)更為(wei)容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能(neng)電器設備有限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大(da)功率高(gao)壓發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)智能交流/直(zhi)流負載是公(gong)司(si)近兩年(nian)推出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)產品(pin)，主要用(yong)于(yu)中高(gao)壓發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)檢測及維護。該(gai)負載融(rong)(rong)合了公(gong)司(si)最(zui)先進的(de)(de)(de)負載技(ji)術(shu)，將集“常(chang)規(gui)負載柜”與“降(jiang)壓變壓器(qi)”所有功能于(yu)一(yi)體，直(zhi)接接入(ru)高(gao)壓發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)，既可以完成中高(gao)壓發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)靜態、整定、波動、突加(jia)、突卸、諧波分析等(deng)重要測試，使用(yong)方(fang)便，極大(da)降(jiang)低了用(yong)戶資(zi)金投入(ru)。日前，該(gai)設備已廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)全(quan)球范(fan)圍內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)中心、應急/后(hou)備電(dian)源、通(tong)訊、電(dian)力、軍隊(dui)、航天、科研院所、船舶、海洋平臺、鐵路(lu)、油田、工礦、金融(rong)(rong)、高(gao)校等(deng)領(ling)域。
作為(wei)國(guo)內起步較早的(de)數據中(zhong)心應急/后備(bei)電源檢測設備(bei)研發(fa)、生產廠家(jia)，北(bei)京玉新連城有限公司一(yi)直(zhi)走在行業前列。2009年(nian)(nian)，公司自主研發(fa)制(zhi)造的(de)“大(da)功率(lv)干(gan)式交(jiao)流(liu)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)柜”榮獲中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際專利與(yu)品牌(pai)博覽會金獎；2010年(nian)(nian)，大(da)功率(lv)干(gan)式交(jiao)流(liu)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)柜順利通(tong)過河北(bei)省科技(ji)(ji)廳技(ji)(ji)術鑒(jian)定，整體(ti)技(ji)(ji)術水平達(da)“國(guo)際先進”；同年(nian)(nian)，公司起草并備(bei)案了行業內唯一(yi)企業標(biao)準(zhun)——《干(gan)式交(jiao)流(liu)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)》。此次展會，將為(wei)公司提供(gong)一(yi)個良好的(de)推廣平臺。
推車(che)啟動充(chong)電機方法及(ji)原理
在筆者還(huan)(huan)是新(xin)手的(de)時(shi)(shi)候，有一(yi)次尷尬的(de)經歷至今讓我記憶猶(you)新(xin)。那(nei)時(shi)(shi)我拿本的(de)時(shi)(shi)間不長，對車的(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)解也(ye)比(bi)較有限。有一(yi)回開(kai)著單(dan)位老斯柯(ke)達弗雷西亞出門辦事(shi)，當時(shi)(shi)正值夏天(tian)，一(yi)路開(kai)著空調(diao)(diao)。在出城以前(qian)的(de)路上(shang)(shang)(shang)，停車怠速(su)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)看見儀表上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶燈(deng)老亮，當時(shi)(shi)有些(xie)納悶，但也(ye)沒太(tai)當回事(shi)。出城以后(hou)一(yi)路高速(su)倒(dao)也(ye)無事(shi)，到達旅館以后(hou)天(tian)已經黑了(le)(le)(le)(le)。第二天(tian)早上(shang)(shang)(shang)起(qi)來一(yi)看車，發現不對，好像車燈(deng)沒關(guan)，再(zai)進入車內(nei)一(yi)看，音(yin)響也(ye)沒關(guan)。自(zi)覺慚愧(kui)的(de)同時(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)暗暗慶幸別人(ren)(ren)沒看見，趕緊關(guan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)設備準備開(kai)車走(zou)人(ren)(ren)。一(yi)擰(ning)鑰匙門發現壞了(le)(le)(le)(le)，只聽著啟動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)響了(le)(le)(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不再(zai)動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。怎(zen)么回事(shi)？好像車子沒電(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)？沒辦法，只好打電(dian)(dian)話回單(dan)位問(wen)老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)怎(zen)么辦。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)解決問(wen)題(ti)，所(suo)有的(de)情況肯(ken)(ken)定(ding)(ding)是“老實交(jiao)代”了(le)(le)(le)(le)。老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)聽就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)知道(dao)：得了(le)(le)(le)(le)，肯(ken)(ken)定(ding)(ding)是電(dian)(dian)瓶沒電(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，這(zhe)(zhe)破(po)車的(de)空調(diao)(diao)和音(yin)響都是后(hou)加的(de)，加空調(diao)(diao)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候沒換發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，加上(shang)(shang)(shang)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)本來就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有點問(wen)題(ti)，所(suo)以一(yi)開(kai)空調(diao)(diao)電(dian)(dian)瓶就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會虧電(dian)(dian)。加上(shang)(shang)(shang)一(yi)宿的(de)車燈(deng)和音(yin)響，電(dian)(dian)瓶肯(ken)(ken)定(ding)(ding)是沒戲了(le)(le)(le)(le)。那(nei)怎(zen)么辦？老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)主(zhu)意：找個(ge)車搭電(dian)(dian)試(shi)試(shi)。這(zhe)(zhe)背井離鄉的(de)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)哪找這(zhe)(zhe)車去？就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)算有人(ren)(ren)愿(yuan)意幫忙(mang)(mang)，也(ye)沒搭線啊？這(zhe)(zhe)著肯(ken)(ken)定(ding)(ding)不行(xing)。最后(hou)老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)說(shuo)(shuo)，還(huan)(huan)有一(yi)辦法，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是找人(ren)(ren)幫你推，或許能推著。于是我按照老司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法，找了(le)(le)(le)(le)幾個(ge)保安(an)幫忙(mang)(mang)，終于將車發動(dong)起(qi)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)……
這段經歷(li)讓我至(zhi)今難忘，也(ye)徹底讓我明白(bai)了(le)車是可以推著的(de)(de)。那車輛(liang)推著的(de)(de)原理是什么(me)呢？車輛(liang)到底應該如何(he)推著呢？隨著對汽車了(le)解的(de)(de)深入，這些原理也(ye)逐步清(qing)晰，現就將這些體會和理解與大(da)家分析，也(ye)對在這方面(mian)還(huan)不(bu)了(le)解的(de)(de)車友一些幫(bang)助。
我們(men)知道汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的點(dian)火方式是(shi)依靠火花塞的高壓(ya)放點(dian)產(chan)生的電(dian)弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)油的，而柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)則沒有(you)點(dian)火系(xi)統(tong)，完(wan)全依靠其(qi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的高壓(ya)縮(suo)比(bi)使(shi)柴(chai)油處于高溫(wen)高壓(ya)狀態，自(zi)行燃(ran)燒的。由此(ci)，現在人們(men)總是(shi)根據這(zhe)個緣由對汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產(chan)生了誤(wu)解，會(hui)自(zi)然而然地(di)認為汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不能靠外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)來使(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的，只有(you)柴(chai)油機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以通過外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)以運轉(zhuan)。其(qi)實(shi)這(zhe)種看法并不完(wan)全正確，那(nei)(nei)么汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)到底能不能像柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)那(nei)(nei)樣(yang)靠推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛使(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無論是(shi)化油(you)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)油(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴(pen)油(you)供(gong)(gong)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，在(zai)我們(men)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)車(che)(che)輛將鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入(ru)(ru)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔后(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)，第一檔都是(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向盤(pan)才可(ke)以轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后(hou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至(zhi)第二擋，其作用(yong)是(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通主(zhu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)時(shi)我們(men)可(ke)以明顯的(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤(pan)上(shang)看到(dao)(dao)各種指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)點亮起(qi)，如(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻(que)液指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)、制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)等，這(zhe)意味著此(ci)(ci)時(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處于接(jie)通狀(zhuang)態，接(jie)通了(le)ECU和各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其在(zai)得到(dao)(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)信號后(hou)可(ke)以正(zheng)常(chang)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)工(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)態，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)火花塞的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也(ye)是(shi)接(jie)通的(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)知(zhi)道此(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)態下，由于發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒(mei)有運轉(zhuan)，因此(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)沒(mei)有工(gong)(gong)作，給整車(che)(che)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源不是(shi)車(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)是(shi)車(che)(che)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最后(hou)當(dang)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)(ji)續向下轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)通了(le)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)是(shi)控制啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)通后(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)得到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)和飛輪(lun)(lun)相(xiang)嚙合(he)，飛輪(lun)(lun)在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)和活塞運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一個氣缸進(jin)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)(dao)壓(ya)縮(suo)沖程末(mo)端(duan)時(shi)，曲(qu)軸(zhou)位置傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)收(shou)到(dao)(dao)信號，傳(chuan)遞給ECU，在(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)控制下，此(ci)(ci)氣缸的(de)(de)(de)火花塞進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃(ran)混合(he)氣，進(jin)入(ru)(ru)做(zuo)功沖程。至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)態，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程也(ye)就(jiu)結束了(le)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)曲(qu)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)工(gong)(gong)作，取代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為全(quan)車(che)(che)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也(ye)回到(dao)(dao)了(le)第二擋的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)，維持全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)通，使ECU和各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)報警燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻(que)液指示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)等都將熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)也(ye)將和飛輪(lun)(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)脫離嚙合(he)，以保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。
我們說(shuo)人們普遍認為的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)推著的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)種(zhong)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有其依據，但又不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)完全正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們知道對于(yu)(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)車(che)輛中采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，其發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)要依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花進行點火(huo)，依靠各個傳感(gan)器傳給ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制(zhi)噴(pen)油(you)(you)和噴(pen)油(you)(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。從(cong)上面對整(zheng)個發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡述也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)難看(kan)出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)對于(yu)(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)旦失去了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)法(fa)(fa)點火(huo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)正常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)時，一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損壞沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸出(chu)，全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通，主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通，ECU和各傳感(gan)器不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)接(jie)通無(wu)法(fa)(fa)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)由(you)于(yu)(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路中沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)使起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，這(zhe)時發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒(mei)有運轉，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)進入工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，進而(er)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從(cong)這(zhe)方面來看(kan)，上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)(shi)有其道理的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)(neng)正常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時，僅因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)可以依靠外力推著，這(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)為什么呢？
我們在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)量不足的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)汽(qi)車時，只(zhi)要接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)全車電(dian)(dian)路，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可以采用推(tui)的(de)(de)(de)方法使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。從(cong)上面所說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理看，其原(yuan)因(yin)在于(yu)當全車電(dian)(dian)路及主繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)ECU和(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)也(ye)處于(yu)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，能正常工作(zuo)，火(huo)花塞(sai)(sai)電(dian)(dian)路也(ye)被(bei)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，此時只(zhi)要曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過皮帶(dai)輪(lun)與曲軸相連的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)便開始(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便能為(wei)全車進(jin)行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，當傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)檢測到曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，便開始(shi)給ECU信號，在發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制噴油器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁閥在指定氣缸內噴油，火(huo)花塞(sai)(sai)進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)，引燃(ran)混合氣，至此實(shi)現了(le)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此過程實(shi)際上與起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪(lun)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程類似，只(zhi)是這種方法避(bi)開了(le)刺激繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，由(you)外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車向前運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸運(yun)轉(zhuan)取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸運(yun)轉(zhuan)。
至(zhi)此，我們了解(jie)到對于一臺汽(qi)油(you)機(ji)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的汽(qi)車來說(shuo)，只要(yao)(yao)全車電路能接通，ECU和傳感器能工作(zuo)，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)就可以(yi)被推著(zhu)。要(yao)(yao)知道，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)被帶動(dong)以(yi)后，發(fa)電機(ji)也(ye)會同時產生電能，而火(huo)花塞點(dian)火(huo)是(shi)瞬間點(dian)火(huo)，它需要(yao)(yao)的電能其實并(bing)不(bu)大，因此只要(yao)(yao)發(fa)電機(ji)沒損壞(huai)，即使電瓶完全沒有點(dian)，車輛也(ye)是(shi)可以(yi)推著(zhu)的。
我們(men)在推(tui)著發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的時候要(yao)注意(yi)些什么(me)呢？首先(xian)要(yao)想推(tui)著一臺電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的車輛，要(yao)先(xian)確(que)定(ding)其(qi)(qi)變速箱(xiang)是手動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)，這是極為重要(yao)的一點(dian)，對(dui)于配備自動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)的汽油電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的車輛來說，由于自動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)的結構(gou)特性，無論采取什么(me)辦法都是無法將其(qi)(qi)推(tui)著的。其(qi)(qi)次，要(yao)推(tui)著一部汽車也要(yao)先(xian)確(que)定(ding)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)必須是可以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的，否則即使(shi)靠電(dian)(dian)瓶的殘(can)余電(dian)(dian)能點(dian)火(huo)成功，運轉的發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)馬上又(you)會將電(dian)(dian)瓶的電(dian)(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)重歸熄火(huo)。
具(ju)備這些(xie)條件才可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)推的(de)(de)方法應急啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機。在(zai)推之前(qian)，首先將(jiang)鑰匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)路接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和傳(chuan)感器進(jin)(jin)入工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)時(shi)(shi)，掛入前(qian)進(jin)(jin)檔后，踩住離合器踏(ta)(ta)板(ban)不(bu)能(neng)松(song)開，這時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)車(che)(che)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)定速(su)度后，松(song)開離合器踏(ta)(ta)板(ban)，讓車(che)(che)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通(tong)過上(shang)面我(wo)們介紹(shao)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機就可(ke)以(yi)正常運轉了，同時(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機也開始為(wei)電(dian)(dian)瓶進(jin)(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)了。需要主意的(de)(de)是，我(wo)們推車(che)(che)之前(qian)掛入的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)擋(dang)應該是2檔或3檔。之所以(yi)不(bu)能(neng)采用(yong)(yong)1檔進(jin)(jin)行推車(che)(che)，原(yuan)(yuan)因是由于1檔的(de)(de)扭矩較(jiao)大(da)，其傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式是大(da)齒(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)大(da)，而在(zai)1檔推車(che)(che)時(shi)(shi)，則與正常行駛狀(zhuang)態(tai)相(xiang)反(fan)，是小齒(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)輪(lun)，從杠桿原(yuan)(yuan)理上(shang)講，小齒(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)輪(lun)運轉阻力是相(xiang)當大(da)的(de)(de)，所以(yi)我(wo)們推是極為(wei)困難的(de)(de)。而采用(yong)(yong)2檔或3檔推車(che)(che)時(shi)(shi)，其齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)小，推車(che)(che)更為(wei)容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能(neng)電器設備有限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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