大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中(zhong)(zhong)國國際(ji)(ji)數據中(zhong)(zhong)心技術(shu)設備展覽將(jiang)于4月8-10日在上海新國際(ji)(ji)博覽中(zhong)(zhong)心召開，在亞(ya)洲(zhou)最大的(de)展館舉辦(ban)及國際(ji)(ji)展覽公司加盟(meng)將(jiang)會(hui)使2014中(zhong)(zhong)國國際(ji)(ji)數據中(zhong)(zhong)心技術(shu)設備展覽會(hui)更精彩。
大功率高壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)智(zhi)能交流(liu)/直(zhi)流(liu)負載(zai)(zai)是公(gong)司近兩年推出的重點產(chan)品(pin)，主(zhu)要用(yong)于中高壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的日常檢(jian)測(ce)及(ji)維(wei)護。該負載(zai)(zai)融合了(le)公(gong)司最先進的負載(zai)(zai)技術(shu)，將集(ji)“常規負載(zai)(zai)柜(ju)”與“降壓(ya)變壓(ya)器”所有功能于一體，直(zhi)接接入(ru)高壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)，既(ji)可以完成中高壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的靜(jing)態、整定(ding)、波動、突(tu)加(jia)、突(tu)卸、諧波分(fen)析等重要測(ce)試(shi)，使用(yong)方便，極大降低了(le)用(yong)戶資金投(tou)入(ru)。日前，該設備已廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于全球范圍內(nei)的數據中心、應(ying)急/后備電(dian)源、通(tong)訊、電(dian)力(li)、軍隊、航天、科(ke)研院所、船舶(bo)、海洋平臺、鐵(tie)路、油田(tian)、工礦、金融、高校等領域。
作(zuo)為國內起(qi)步較早的(de)數據(ju)中心應急/后備電源(yuan)檢測設備研發、生產廠家，北京玉新連城有限公(gong)司(si)(si)一直(zhi)走在行業前列。2009年(nian)(nian)，公(gong)司(si)(si)自主研發制(zhi)造的(de)“大功率干式交流(liu)負載(zai)柜(ju)”榮(rong)獲(huo)中國國際(ji)專利與品(pin)牌博覽會金獎(jiang)；2010年(nian)(nian)，大功率干式交流(liu)負載(zai)柜(ju)順(shun)利通(tong)過河北省科技(ji)廳技(ji)術鑒定，整(zheng)體技(ji)術水(shui)平達“國際(ji)先進”；同(tong)年(nian)(nian)，公(gong)司(si)(si)起(qi)草并備案(an)了(le)行業內唯一企業標準——《干式交流(liu)負載(zai)》。此次(ci)展會，將為公(gong)司(si)(si)提供(gong)一個良好的(de)推廣平臺。
推車啟動(dong)充電機方法(fa)及原理
在(zai)筆者還是(shi)新(xin)手的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，有(you)一(yi)次尷(gan)尬(ga)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷至今讓(rang)我(wo)記憶猶新(xin)。那(nei)時(shi)我(wo)拿本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間不(bu)長，對(dui)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解也比較有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)回開著(zhu)(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)(lao)斯柯(ke)達弗雷西亞出門辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，當(dang)時(shi)正值夏天，一(yi)路開著(zhu)(zhu)空調(diao)。在(zai)出城(cheng)以(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)路上(shang)，停車(che)怠速的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)看見儀表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)燈老(lao)(lao)(lao)亮，當(dang)時(shi)有(you)些納悶，但(dan)也沒(mei)(mei)(mei)太當(dang)回事(shi)(shi)(shi)。出城(cheng)以(yi)后(hou)一(yi)路高速倒(dao)也無事(shi)(shi)(shi)，到達旅館以(yi)后(hou)天已經黑了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。第二天早(zao)上(shang)起(qi)來一(yi)看車(che)，發(fa)現(xian)不(bu)對(dui)，好(hao)像(xiang)車(che)燈沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)，再進(jin)入車(che)內一(yi)看，音(yin)響(xiang)也沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)。自(zi)覺慚愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)還暗(an)暗(an)慶幸別人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)看見，趕(gan)緊(jin)關(guan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)些設備(bei)準(zhun)備(bei)開車(che)走(zou)人(ren)。一(yi)擰鑰匙(chi)門發(fa)現(xian)壞(huai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，只聽著(zhu)(zhu)啟動(dong)機(ji)(ji)響(xiang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)再動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。怎么(me)回事(shi)(shi)(shi)？好(hao)像(xiang)車(che)子沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)(mei)辦(ban)(ban)法，只好(hao)打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話回單位問老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)怎么(me)辦(ban)(ban)。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解決問題，所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況肯(ken)(ken)(ken)定是(shi)“老(lao)(lao)(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)聽就(jiu)(jiu)知道：得了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，肯(ken)(ken)(ken)定是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，這(zhe)(zhe)破車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空調(diao)和音(yin)響(xiang)都(dou)是(shi)后(hou)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，加(jia)空調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，加(jia)上(shang)這(zhe)(zhe)個發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)本(ben)來就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)點問題，所以(yi)一(yi)開空調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)。加(jia)上(shang)一(yi)宿的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)燈和音(yin)響(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)肯(ken)(ken)(ken)定是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)戲(xi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。那(nei)怎么(me)辦(ban)(ban)？老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)主意：找(zhao)(zhao)個車(che)搭電(dian)(dian)(dian)試試。這(zhe)(zhe)背井離鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)哪找(zhao)(zhao)這(zhe)(zhe)車(che)去？就(jiu)(jiu)算有(you)人(ren)愿(yuan)意幫(bang)忙，也沒(mei)(mei)(mei)搭線(xian)啊？這(zhe)(zhe)著(zhu)(zhu)肯(ken)(ken)(ken)定不(bu)行。最后(hou)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)說，還有(you)一(yi)辦(ban)(ban)法，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)找(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)幫(bang)你推(tui)，或許能推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)。于是(shi)我(wo)按照老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說法，找(zhao)(zhao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)幾個保安(an)幫(bang)忙，終(zhong)于將車(che)發(fa)動(dong)起(qi)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)……
這(zhe)段經歷讓我(wo)至今難(nan)忘，也徹底讓我(wo)明白(bai)了車(che)(che)是可(ke)以推著(zhu)(zhu)的。那車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)推著(zhu)(zhu)的原理是什(shen)么呢？車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)到(dao)底應該如何(he)推著(zhu)(zhu)呢？隨著(zhu)(zhu)對汽車(che)(che)了解(jie)(jie)的深(shen)入，這(zhe)些原理也逐(zhu)步清晰(xi)，現就將這(zhe)些體會和理解(jie)(jie)與大家分析，也對在這(zhe)方面還不了解(jie)(jie)的車(che)(che)友一(yi)些幫助。
我們(men)知道汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)方式(shi)是依靠(kao)火(huo)(huo)花塞的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓放點(dian)產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)，而(er)柴(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則沒有(you)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)系統(tong)，完全(quan)依靠(kao)其(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓縮比使柴(chai)油(you)(you)處于高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓狀態，自行燃(ran)燒的(de)(de)(de)。由此，現在人們(men)總是根據這(zhe)(zhe)個緣由對汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)產生了誤解，會自然而(er)然地認為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是不(bu)能(neng)靠(kao)外(wai)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車來(lai)使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉的(de)(de)(de)，只(zhi)有(you)柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可以通過外(wai)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)可以運轉。其(qi)實這(zhe)(zhe)種看法(fa)并不(bu)完全(quan)正(zheng)確，那(nei)么(me)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)到(dao)底(di)能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)像柴(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)那(nei)樣靠(kao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)車輛使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要(yao)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺汽油發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)無(wu)論(lun)是化油器(qi)供油方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)噴油供油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，在我(wo)們(men)進入車(che)(che)(che)輛將(jiang)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔(kong)后，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)一檔都(dou)是方(fang)(fang)向盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)向盤(pan)才可(ke)以轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至第(di)二(er)擋(dang)，其作(zuo)用是全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)們(men)可(ke)以明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤(pan)上(shang)看到(dao)各種(zhong)指示(shi)燈(deng)點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)油指示(shi)燈(deng)、冷卻(que)液(ye)指示(shi)燈(deng)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)指示(shi)燈(deng)等，這意味著此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處于接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了ECU和各傳(chuan)感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其在得到(dao)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號后可(ke)以正(zheng)常進入工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火花(hua)塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們(men)知道此(ci)(ci)(ci)狀態(tai)下(xia)，由(you)于發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)并(bing)沒有運轉，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)作(zuo)，給(gei)整車(che)(che)(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不是車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)而(er)是車(che)(che)(che)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后當(dang)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)續(xu)向下(xia)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它是控制(zhi)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)后，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)和飛輪(lun)相(xiang)嚙(nie)合(he)，飛輪(lun)在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)開始(shi)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸和活塞(sai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一個氣缸進入到(dao)壓縮沖程(cheng)末端(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，曲軸位(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)感器(qi)接(jie)(jie)收到(dao)信號，傳(chuan)遞給(gei)ECU，在ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下(xia)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)氣缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花(hua)塞(sai)進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混(hun)合(he)氣，進入做功(gong)沖程(cheng)。至此(ci)(ci)(ci)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)開始(shi)進入怠速(su)狀態(tai)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)也就(jiu)結束了，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在曲軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)開始(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)，取(qu)代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為(wei)全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也回到(dao)了第(di)二(er)擋(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)，維持(chi)全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，使ECU和各傳(chuan)感器(qi)能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)油報警燈(deng)、冷卻(que)液(ye)指示(shi)燈(deng)等都(dou)將(jiang)熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)也將(jiang)和飛輪(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)脫離嚙(nie)合(he)，以保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)。
我們(men)說(shuo)(shuo)人們(men)普遍(bian)認為(wei)的(de)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能推著的(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)依據，但又不(bu)是(shi)(shi)完全(quan)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)。我們(men)知道對于(yu)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)車輛中采用的(de)電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)要依靠電(dian)(dian)火花進(jin)(jin)行(xing)點(dian)火，依靠各個傳(chuan)感(gan)器傳(chuan)給(gei)ECU的(de)電(dian)(dian)信號控制噴(pen)油和(he)噴(pen)油量(liang)的(de)。從上(shang)(shang)面(mian)對整(zheng)個發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程的(de)簡述也(ye)不(bu)難看出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)對于(yu)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)必(bi)不(bu)可少的(de)，一旦失(shi)去(qu)了電(dian)(dian)能，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將(jiang)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)點(dian)火，不(bu)能正(zheng)常工作(zuo)(zuo)。尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，一旦電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)損壞(huai)沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸出(chu)，全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)路無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器不(bu)能接(jie)通(tong)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)工作(zuo)(zuo)，而由于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)線路中沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)能使(shi)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)，這(zhe)時發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒有(you)(you)運轉，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)不(bu)能進(jin)(jin)入工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)，進(jin)(jin)而無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，上(shang)(shang)面(mian)的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)道理的(de)。但在(zai)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)能正(zheng)常工作(zuo)(zuo)時，僅(jin)因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)可以依靠外力推著，這(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)為(wei)什么呢？
我(wo)們在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)汽車(che)時(shi)，只(zhi)要接(jie)通了(le)全(quan)(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，接(jie)通主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可以采用推的(de)(de)(de)方法使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉。從上(shang)面(mian)所說的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原理(li)看，其(qi)原因在(zai)(zai)于當全(quan)(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通后(hou)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)ECU和傳感(gan)器(qi)也處于接(jie)通狀態(tai)，能正常工作(zuo)，火花塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路也被接(jie)通，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)只(zhi)要曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通過皮(pi)帶(dai)輪(lun)與曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相連(lian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)便開始轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便能為全(quan)(quan)車(che)進行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當傳感(gan)器(qi)檢(jian)測到曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，便開始給(gei)ECU信號(hao)，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制噴(pen)油器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)(zai)指定氣(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)噴(pen)油，火花塞進行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，引(yin)燃混合氣(qi)(qi)，至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)實現了(le)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)(ci)過程實際上(shang)與起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛(fei)輪(lun)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程類似，只(zhi)是這種方法避開了(le)刺(ci)激繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由外力推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)向前(qian)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運轉取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運轉。
至此，我們(men)了解到對(dui)于一臺汽(qi)油機(ji)(ji)(ji)發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的汽(qi)車來說(shuo)，只(zhi)要(yao)全車電(dian)路能接通，ECU和傳感器能工作，發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)就可以(yi)被推著。要(yao)知道(dao)，發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)被帶動(dong)以(yi)后，發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也會同時產生電(dian)能，而火花塞點火是(shi)瞬(shun)間點火，它需(xu)要(yao)的電(dian)能其實并不(bu)大，因此只(zhi)要(yao)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒(mei)損(sun)壞，即使電(dian)瓶(ping)完(wan)全沒(mei)有(you)點，車輛也是(shi)可以(yi)推著的。
我們在推(tui)著(zhu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)時候(hou)要(yao)注意些什(shen)么呢？首先要(yao)想(xiang)推(tui)著(zhu)一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)，要(yao)先確定其(qi)變速(su)箱(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)手動(dong)(dong)變速(su)箱(xiang)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)極為重要(yao)的(de)一點(dian)，對于(yu)配備(bei)自動(dong)(dong)變速(su)箱(xiang)的(de)汽油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)來說，由于(yu)自動(dong)(dong)變速(su)箱(xiang)的(de)結構特性(xing)，無(wu)論(lun)采取什(shen)么辦法(fa)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)法(fa)將(jiang)其(qi)推(tui)著(zhu)的(de)。其(qi)次，要(yao)推(tui)著(zhu)一部汽車(che)也(ye)要(yao)先確定發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)必須是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，否則即使靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)殘余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能點(dian)火(huo)(huo)成功，運轉的(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)馬上又(you)會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量消耗光(guang)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)重歸熄火(huo)(huo)。
具(ju)備這些條(tiao)件(jian)才可采用推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)方法應(ying)急啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機。在(zai)(zai)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)前(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰(yao)匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓(rang)全(quan)車(che)電路(lu)接通，ECU和(he)傳感器(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入工作狀態時(shi)，掛(gua)入前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)檔(dang)后，踩住離(li)合器(qi)踏(ta)板(ban)不(bu)能松(song)開(kai)，這時(shi)將車(che)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)定速(su)度后，松(song)開(kai)離(li)合器(qi)踏(ta)板(ban)，讓(rang)車(che)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通過上面我們介紹(shao)的(de)(de)過程，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機就可以正常(chang)運轉(zhuan)了(le)，同時(shi)發電機也開(kai)始為電瓶進(jin)(jin)(jin)行充電了(le)。需要主意的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，我們推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)之(zhi)前(qian)掛(gua)入的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)擋(dang)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之(zhi)所以不(bu)能采用1檔(dang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)，原因是(shi)(shi)由于1檔(dang)的(de)(de)扭矩較(jiao)大，其傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式是(shi)(shi)大齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)大，而在(zai)(zai)1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，則與正常(chang)行駛狀態相(xiang)反，是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)輪(lun)，從杠(gang)桿原理上講，小(xiao)齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)輪(lun)運轉(zhuan)阻力(li)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)當大的(de)(de)，所以我們推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)是(shi)(shi)極為困難的(de)(de)。而采用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，其齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)小(xiao)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)更為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上(shang)海(hai)施能電(dian)器設備(bei)有限公司(si)始建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大功率高壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)智(zhi)能交流(liu)/直(zhi)流(liu)負載(zai)(zai)是公(gong)司近兩年推出的重點產(chan)品(pin)，主(zhu)要用(yong)于中高壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的日常檢(jian)測(ce)及(ji)維(wei)護。該負載(zai)(zai)融合了(le)公(gong)司最先進的負載(zai)(zai)技術(shu)，將集(ji)“常規負載(zai)(zai)柜(ju)”與“降壓(ya)變壓(ya)器”所有功能于一體，直(zhi)接接入(ru)高壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)，既(ji)可以完成中高壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的靜(jing)態、整定(ding)、波動、突(tu)加(jia)、突(tu)卸、諧波分(fen)析等重要測(ce)試(shi)，使用(yong)方便，極大降低了(le)用(yong)戶資金投(tou)入(ru)。日前，該設備已廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于全球范圍內(nei)的數據中心、應(ying)急/后備電(dian)源、通(tong)訊、電(dian)力(li)、軍隊、航天、科(ke)研院所、船舶(bo)、海洋平臺、鐵(tie)路、油田(tian)、工礦、金融、高校等領域。
作(zuo)為國內起(qi)步較早的(de)數據(ju)中心應急/后備電源(yuan)檢測設備研發、生產廠家，北京玉新連城有限公(gong)司(si)(si)一直(zhi)走在行業前列。2009年(nian)(nian)，公(gong)司(si)(si)自主研發制(zhi)造的(de)“大功率干式交流(liu)負載(zai)柜(ju)”榮(rong)獲(huo)中國國際(ji)專利與品(pin)牌博覽會金獎(jiang)；2010年(nian)(nian)，大功率干式交流(liu)負載(zai)柜(ju)順(shun)利通(tong)過河北省科技(ji)廳技(ji)術鑒定，整(zheng)體技(ji)術水(shui)平達“國際(ji)先進”；同(tong)年(nian)(nian)，公(gong)司(si)(si)起(qi)草并備案(an)了(le)行業內唯一企業標準——《干式交流(liu)負載(zai)》。此次(ci)展會，將為公(gong)司(si)(si)提供(gong)一個良好的(de)推廣平臺。
推車啟動(dong)充電機方法(fa)及原理
在(zai)筆者還是(shi)新(xin)手的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，有(you)一(yi)次尷(gan)尬(ga)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷至今讓(rang)我(wo)記憶猶新(xin)。那(nei)時(shi)我(wo)拿本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間不(bu)長，對(dui)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解也比較有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)回開著(zhu)(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)(lao)斯柯(ke)達弗雷西亞出門辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，當(dang)時(shi)正值夏天，一(yi)路開著(zhu)(zhu)空調(diao)。在(zai)出城(cheng)以(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)路上(shang)，停車(che)怠速的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)看見儀表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)燈老(lao)(lao)(lao)亮，當(dang)時(shi)有(you)些納悶，但(dan)也沒(mei)(mei)(mei)太當(dang)回事(shi)(shi)(shi)。出城(cheng)以(yi)后(hou)一(yi)路高速倒(dao)也無事(shi)(shi)(shi)，到達旅館以(yi)后(hou)天已經黑了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。第二天早(zao)上(shang)起(qi)來一(yi)看車(che)，發(fa)現(xian)不(bu)對(dui)，好(hao)像(xiang)車(che)燈沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)，再進(jin)入車(che)內一(yi)看，音(yin)響(xiang)也沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)。自(zi)覺慚愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)還暗(an)暗(an)慶幸別人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)看見，趕(gan)緊(jin)關(guan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)些設備(bei)準(zhun)備(bei)開車(che)走(zou)人(ren)。一(yi)擰鑰匙(chi)門發(fa)現(xian)壞(huai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，只聽著(zhu)(zhu)啟動(dong)機(ji)(ji)響(xiang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)再動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。怎么(me)回事(shi)(shi)(shi)？好(hao)像(xiang)車(che)子沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)(mei)辦(ban)(ban)法，只好(hao)打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話回單位問老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)怎么(me)辦(ban)(ban)。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解決問題，所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況肯(ken)(ken)(ken)定是(shi)“老(lao)(lao)(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)聽就(jiu)(jiu)知道：得了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，肯(ken)(ken)(ken)定是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，這(zhe)(zhe)破車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空調(diao)和音(yin)響(xiang)都(dou)是(shi)后(hou)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，加(jia)空調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，加(jia)上(shang)這(zhe)(zhe)個發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)本(ben)來就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)點問題，所以(yi)一(yi)開空調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)。加(jia)上(shang)一(yi)宿的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)燈和音(yin)響(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)肯(ken)(ken)(ken)定是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)戲(xi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。那(nei)怎么(me)辦(ban)(ban)？老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)主意：找(zhao)(zhao)個車(che)搭電(dian)(dian)(dian)試試。這(zhe)(zhe)背井離鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)哪找(zhao)(zhao)這(zhe)(zhe)車(che)去？就(jiu)(jiu)算有(you)人(ren)愿(yuan)意幫(bang)忙，也沒(mei)(mei)(mei)搭線(xian)啊？這(zhe)(zhe)著(zhu)(zhu)肯(ken)(ken)(ken)定不(bu)行。最后(hou)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)說，還有(you)一(yi)辦(ban)(ban)法，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)找(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)幫(bang)你推(tui)，或許能推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)。于是(shi)我(wo)按照老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說法，找(zhao)(zhao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)幾個保安(an)幫(bang)忙，終(zhong)于將車(che)發(fa)動(dong)起(qi)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)……
這(zhe)段經歷讓我(wo)至今難(nan)忘，也徹底讓我(wo)明白(bai)了車(che)(che)是可(ke)以推著(zhu)(zhu)的。那車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)推著(zhu)(zhu)的原理是什(shen)么呢？車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)到(dao)底應該如何(he)推著(zhu)(zhu)呢？隨著(zhu)(zhu)對汽車(che)(che)了解(jie)(jie)的深(shen)入，這(zhe)些原理也逐(zhu)步清晰(xi)，現就將這(zhe)些體會和理解(jie)(jie)與大家分析，也對在這(zhe)方面還不了解(jie)(jie)的車(che)(che)友一(yi)些幫助。
我們(men)知道汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)方式(shi)是依靠(kao)火(huo)(huo)花塞的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓放點(dian)產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)，而(er)柴(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則沒有(you)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)系統(tong)，完全(quan)依靠(kao)其(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓縮比使柴(chai)油(you)(you)處于高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓狀態，自行燃(ran)燒的(de)(de)(de)。由此，現在人們(men)總是根據這(zhe)(zhe)個緣由對汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)產生了誤解，會自然而(er)然地認為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是不(bu)能(neng)靠(kao)外(wai)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車來(lai)使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉的(de)(de)(de)，只(zhi)有(you)柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可以通過外(wai)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)可以運轉。其(qi)實這(zhe)(zhe)種看法(fa)并不(bu)完全(quan)正(zheng)確，那(nei)么(me)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)到(dao)底(di)能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)像柴(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)那(nei)樣靠(kao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)車輛使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要(yao)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺汽油發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)無(wu)論(lun)是化油器(qi)供油方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)噴油供油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，在我(wo)們(men)進入車(che)(che)(che)輛將(jiang)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔(kong)后，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)一檔都(dou)是方(fang)(fang)向盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)向盤(pan)才可(ke)以轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至第(di)二(er)擋(dang)，其作(zuo)用是全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)們(men)可(ke)以明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤(pan)上(shang)看到(dao)各種(zhong)指示(shi)燈(deng)點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)油指示(shi)燈(deng)、冷卻(que)液(ye)指示(shi)燈(deng)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)指示(shi)燈(deng)等，這意味著此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處于接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了ECU和各傳(chuan)感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其在得到(dao)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號后可(ke)以正(zheng)常進入工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火花(hua)塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們(men)知道此(ci)(ci)(ci)狀態(tai)下(xia)，由(you)于發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)并(bing)沒有運轉，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)作(zuo)，給(gei)整車(che)(che)(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不是車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)而(er)是車(che)(che)(che)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后當(dang)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)續(xu)向下(xia)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它是控制(zhi)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)后，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)和飛輪(lun)相(xiang)嚙(nie)合(he)，飛輪(lun)在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)開始(shi)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸和活塞(sai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一個氣缸進入到(dao)壓縮沖程(cheng)末端(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，曲軸位(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)感器(qi)接(jie)(jie)收到(dao)信號，傳(chuan)遞給(gei)ECU，在ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下(xia)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)氣缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花(hua)塞(sai)進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混(hun)合(he)氣，進入做功(gong)沖程(cheng)。至此(ci)(ci)(ci)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)開始(shi)進入怠速(su)狀態(tai)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)也就(jiu)結束了，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在曲軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)開始(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)，取(qu)代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為(wei)全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也回到(dao)了第(di)二(er)擋(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)，維持(chi)全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，使ECU和各傳(chuan)感器(qi)能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)油報警燈(deng)、冷卻(que)液(ye)指示(shi)燈(deng)等都(dou)將(jiang)熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)也將(jiang)和飛輪(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)脫離嚙(nie)合(he)，以保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)。
我們(men)說(shuo)(shuo)人們(men)普遍(bian)認為(wei)的(de)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能推著的(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)依據，但又不(bu)是(shi)(shi)完全(quan)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)。我們(men)知道對于(yu)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)車輛中采用的(de)電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)要依靠電(dian)(dian)火花進(jin)(jin)行(xing)點(dian)火，依靠各個傳(chuan)感(gan)器傳(chuan)給(gei)ECU的(de)電(dian)(dian)信號控制噴(pen)油和(he)噴(pen)油量(liang)的(de)。從上(shang)(shang)面(mian)對整(zheng)個發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程的(de)簡述也(ye)不(bu)難看出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)對于(yu)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)必(bi)不(bu)可少的(de)，一旦失(shi)去(qu)了電(dian)(dian)能，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將(jiang)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)點(dian)火，不(bu)能正(zheng)常工作(zuo)(zuo)。尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，一旦電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)損壞(huai)沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸出(chu)，全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)路無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器不(bu)能接(jie)通(tong)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)工作(zuo)(zuo)，而由于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)線路中沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)能使(shi)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)，這(zhe)時發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒有(you)(you)運轉，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)不(bu)能進(jin)(jin)入工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)，進(jin)(jin)而無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，上(shang)(shang)面(mian)的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)道理的(de)。但在(zai)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)能正(zheng)常工作(zuo)(zuo)時，僅(jin)因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)可以依靠外力推著，這(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)為(wei)什么呢？
我(wo)們在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)汽車(che)時(shi)，只(zhi)要接(jie)通了(le)全(quan)(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，接(jie)通主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可以采用推的(de)(de)(de)方法使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉。從上(shang)面(mian)所說的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原理(li)看，其(qi)原因在(zai)(zai)于當全(quan)(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通后(hou)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)ECU和傳感(gan)器(qi)也處于接(jie)通狀態(tai)，能正常工作(zuo)，火花塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路也被接(jie)通，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)只(zhi)要曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通過皮(pi)帶(dai)輪(lun)與曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相連(lian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)便開始轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便能為全(quan)(quan)車(che)進行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當傳感(gan)器(qi)檢(jian)測到曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，便開始給(gei)ECU信號(hao)，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制噴(pen)油器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)(zai)指定氣(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)噴(pen)油，火花塞進行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，引(yin)燃混合氣(qi)(qi)，至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)實現了(le)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)(ci)過程實際上(shang)與起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛(fei)輪(lun)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程類似，只(zhi)是這種方法避開了(le)刺(ci)激繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由外力推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)向前(qian)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運轉取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運轉。
至此，我們(men)了解到對(dui)于一臺汽(qi)油機(ji)(ji)(ji)發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的汽(qi)車來說(shuo)，只(zhi)要(yao)全車電(dian)路能接通，ECU和傳感器能工作，發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)就可以(yi)被推著。要(yao)知道(dao)，發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)被帶動(dong)以(yi)后，發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也會同時產生電(dian)能，而火花塞點火是(shi)瞬(shun)間點火，它需(xu)要(yao)的電(dian)能其實并不(bu)大，因此只(zhi)要(yao)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒(mei)損(sun)壞，即使電(dian)瓶(ping)完(wan)全沒(mei)有(you)點，車輛也是(shi)可以(yi)推著的。
我們在推(tui)著(zhu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)時候(hou)要(yao)注意些什(shen)么呢？首先要(yao)想(xiang)推(tui)著(zhu)一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)，要(yao)先確定其(qi)變速(su)箱(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)手動(dong)(dong)變速(su)箱(xiang)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)極為重要(yao)的(de)一點(dian)，對于(yu)配備(bei)自動(dong)(dong)變速(su)箱(xiang)的(de)汽油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)來說，由于(yu)自動(dong)(dong)變速(su)箱(xiang)的(de)結構特性(xing)，無(wu)論(lun)采取什(shen)么辦法(fa)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)法(fa)將(jiang)其(qi)推(tui)著(zhu)的(de)。其(qi)次，要(yao)推(tui)著(zhu)一部汽車(che)也(ye)要(yao)先確定發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)必須是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，否則即使靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)殘余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能點(dian)火(huo)(huo)成功，運轉的(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)馬上又(you)會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量消耗光(guang)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)重歸熄火(huo)(huo)。
具(ju)備這些條(tiao)件(jian)才可采用推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)方法應(ying)急啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機。在(zai)(zai)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)前(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰(yao)匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓(rang)全(quan)車(che)電路(lu)接通，ECU和(he)傳感器(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入工作狀態時(shi)，掛(gua)入前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)檔(dang)后，踩住離(li)合器(qi)踏(ta)板(ban)不(bu)能松(song)開(kai)，這時(shi)將車(che)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)定速(su)度后，松(song)開(kai)離(li)合器(qi)踏(ta)板(ban)，讓(rang)車(che)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通過上面我們介紹(shao)的(de)(de)過程，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機就可以正常(chang)運轉(zhuan)了(le)，同時(shi)發電機也開(kai)始為電瓶進(jin)(jin)(jin)行充電了(le)。需要主意的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，我們推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)之(zhi)前(qian)掛(gua)入的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)擋(dang)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之(zhi)所以不(bu)能采用1檔(dang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)，原因是(shi)(shi)由于1檔(dang)的(de)(de)扭矩較(jiao)大，其傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式是(shi)(shi)大齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)大，而在(zai)(zai)1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，則與正常(chang)行駛狀態相(xiang)反，是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)輪(lun)，從杠(gang)桿原理上講，小(xiao)齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)輪(lun)運轉(zhuan)阻力(li)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)當大的(de)(de)，所以我們推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)是(shi)(shi)極為困難的(de)(de)。而采用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，其齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)小(xiao)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)更為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上(shang)海(hai)施能電(dian)器設備(bei)有限公司(si)始建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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