大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中國國際(ji)數據中心技術(shu)設備展覽(lan)將于4月8-10日(ri)在上(shang)海新國際(ji)博(bo)覽(lan)中心召開(kai)，在亞洲最大(da)的展館舉辦及國際(ji)展覽(lan)公(gong)司加(jia)盟(meng)將會(hui)(hui)使2014中國國際(ji)數據中心技術(shu)設備展覽(lan)會(hui)(hui)更精彩(cai)。
大(da)功率(lv)高壓(ya)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)智能交流(liu)(liu)/直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)負載是公司近兩年推(tui)出的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)產(chan)品(pin)，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)中高壓(ya)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)的(de)日常檢測及維護。該負載融合了(le)公司最(zui)先進的(de)負載技術，將集“常規負載柜”與“降壓(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)器”所有(you)功能于(yu)一體，直(zhi)接接入(ru)高壓(ya)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)，既可以完成(cheng)中高壓(ya)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)的(de)靜(jing)態、整定、波動、突(tu)加、突(tu)卸、諧波分析等重(zhong)要測試，使用(yong)(yong)方便，極大(da)降低了(le)用(yong)(yong)戶資金(jin)投入(ru)。日前(qian)，該設(she)備已廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)全球范(fan)圍內(nei)的(de)數據中心、應急/后備電源、通訊、電力、軍隊、航天、科研院所、船舶、海洋平臺、鐵路、油田、工(gong)礦(kuang)、金(jin)融、高校(xiao)等領域。
作為國內(nei)起步較早(zao)的數據(ju)中心應急/后備(bei)電源檢測(ce)設備(bei)研發、生產廠家，北京玉(yu)新(xin)連城(cheng)有限公(gong)司(si)一直走在行業前列。2009年(nian)，公(gong)司(si)自(zi)主研發制造的“大功(gong)率(lv)干(gan)式交流負載(zai)柜”榮獲中國國際專利(li)與(yu)品牌博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎；2010年(nian)，大功(gong)率(lv)干(gan)式交流負載(zai)柜順利(li)通過河北省(sheng)科技(ji)廳技(ji)術(shu)鑒(jian)定，整體技(ji)術(shu)水平達“國際先進”；同(tong)年(nian)，公(gong)司(si)起草并備(bei)案(an)了行業內(nei)唯一企業標準——《干(gan)式交流負載(zai)》。此次展(zhan)會(hui)，將為公(gong)司(si)提供一個(ge)良好的推廣平臺。
推(tui)車(che)啟動充電機方法及原理
在筆(bi)者還是(shi)新手的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，有(you)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)尷尬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷(li)至今讓我(wo)記憶(yi)猶(you)新。那時(shi)(shi)我(wo)拿本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不長，對車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解(jie)也(ye)(ye)比較(jiao)有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)(yi)回(hui)開著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)單(dan)位老(lao)斯柯達弗雷西亞出門(men)辦事，當時(shi)(shi)正值(zhi)夏天，一(yi)(yi)路(lu)開著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)空調(diao)。在出城以(yi)(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)，停車(che)(che)怠(dai)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)看(kan)見儀(yi)表(biao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶燈(deng)老(lao)亮，當時(shi)(shi)有(you)些(xie)納悶，但(dan)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)太當回(hui)事。出城以(yi)(yi)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)高速倒也(ye)(ye)無事，到達旅館以(yi)(yi)后(hou)天已經黑了(le)(le)。第二天早上(shang)(shang)起來一(yi)(yi)看(kan)車(che)(che)，發(fa)現(xian)不對，好像(xiang)車(che)(che)燈(deng)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)，再(zai)(zai)進入(ru)車(che)(che)內一(yi)(yi)看(kan)，音(yin)響也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)。自覺(jue)慚愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)還暗暗慶幸別人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)看(kan)見，趕緊關(guan)了(le)(le)這些(xie)設備(bei)準備(bei)開車(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)(yi)擰(ning)鑰匙(chi)門(men)發(fa)現(xian)壞了(le)(le)，只(zhi)聽著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)啟動(dong)機響了(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)不再(zai)(zai)動(dong)了(le)(le)。怎(zen)么回(hui)事？好像(xiang)車(che)(che)子沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)(mei)辦法，只(zhi)好打電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)回(hui)單(dan)位問老(lao)司(si)機怎(zen)么辦。為了(le)(le)解(jie)決問題(ti)(ti)，所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)“老(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)司(si)機一(yi)(yi)聽就(jiu)(jiu)知(zhi)道：得了(le)(le)，肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，這破車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空調(diao)和(he)(he)音(yin)響都是(shi)后(hou)加(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，加(jia)(jia)空調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)(mei)(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)這個發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機本(ben)來就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)點(dian)問題(ti)(ti)，所以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)開空調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)宿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)燈(deng)和(he)(he)音(yin)響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)戲了(le)(le)。那怎(zen)么辦？老(lao)司(si)機出了(le)(le)主(zhu)意：找個車(che)(che)搭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試試。這背井離鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)哪(na)找這車(che)(che)去(qu)？就(jiu)(jiu)算有(you)人(ren)愿意幫(bang)忙，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)搭線(xian)啊？這著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)不行。最后(hou)老(lao)司(si)機說(shuo)，還有(you)一(yi)(yi)辦法，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)找人(ren)幫(bang)你(ni)推，或(huo)許能推著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。于是(shi)我(wo)按照老(lao)司(si)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法，找了(le)(le)幾個保(bao)安幫(bang)忙，終于將車(che)(che)發(fa)動(dong)起來了(le)(le)……
這段經歷讓(rang)我(wo)至(zhi)今難(nan)忘(wang)，也徹底讓(rang)我(wo)明白了(le)車是(shi)可以推(tui)著的(de)。那車輛推(tui)著的(de)原理是(shi)什么呢(ni)？車輛到底應該(gai)如何推(tui)著呢(ni)？隨著對汽車了(le)解(jie)的(de)深入(ru)，這些原理也逐步清晰，現就(jiu)將(jiang)這些體會和理解(jie)與大家(jia)分析，也對在這方(fang)面還不了(le)解(jie)的(de)車友(you)一些幫助(zhu)。
我們知道汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)點火方式是依(yi)靠(kao)(kao)火花塞(sai)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)放點產(chan)生的(de)(de)電弧引(yin)燃(ran)(ran)汽(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)，而柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則沒有點火系統，完(wan)全依(yi)靠(kao)(kao)其發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)縮比使(shi)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)處于高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態，自行燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)的(de)(de)。由此，現在人(ren)們總是根(gen)據(ju)這個緣由對汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)產(chan)生了誤解，會自然而然地認(ren)為汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是不能靠(kao)(kao)外(wai)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車來使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉的(de)(de)，只有柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可以(yi)通過外(wai)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)可以(yi)運(yun)轉。其實這種看法并不完(wan)全正(zheng)確，那么汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)到底(di)能不能像柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)那樣靠(kao)(kao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要(yao)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化油(you)器(qi)供(gong)油(you)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)供(gong)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)我們進入(ru)車(che)(che)輛將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)插入(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)孔后，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)時(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)一(yi)檔都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)向(xiang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)解鎖(suo)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)方(fang)向(xiang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)才可(ke)以轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)二擋，其作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全車(che)(che)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)我們可(ke)以明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀(yi)表盤(pan)(pan)(pan)上(shang)看到各種指示燈點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)指示燈、冷卻液(ye)指示燈、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)指示燈等，這(zhe)意味著(zhu)此(ci)時(shi)(shi)全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)處于接(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了ECU和各傳感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，使其在(zai)(zai)得到發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)后可(ke)以正(zheng)常(chang)進入(ru)工(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)火花(hua)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們知(zhi)道此(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，由于發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并(bing)沒有運轉(zhuan)，因此(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)(gong)作，給(gei)整(zheng)車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后當(dang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)繼續向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)后，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)輪和飛(fei)輪相嚙(nie)合，飛(fei)輪在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)開(kai)始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進而(er)(er)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸(zhou)和活塞(sai)(sai)(sai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一(yi)個氣(qi)缸進入(ru)到壓(ya)縮(suo)沖程末端(duan)時(shi)(shi)，曲軸(zhou)位(wei)置傳感(gan)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)收到信號(hao)，傳遞給(gei)ECU，在(zai)(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，此(ci)氣(qi)缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花(hua)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混合氣(qi)，進入(ru)做功沖程。至(zhi)此(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)始進入(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)結束了，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)曲軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)開(kai)始工(gong)(gong)作，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為全車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)也(ye)(ye)回到了第(di)(di)二擋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，維持全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，使ECU和各傳感(gan)器(qi)能(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)報警燈、冷卻液(ye)指示燈等都(dou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪也(ye)(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和飛(fei)輪上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪脫離嚙(nie)合，以保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪。
我們(men)說(shuo)人們(men)普遍認為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)推著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有(you)其依(yi)據，但又不(bu)是(shi)完全正確的(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)知道對于汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，尤其是(shi)現(xian)在車輛中采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，其發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)要依(yi)靠電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花(hua)進行(xing)點火(huo)，依(yi)靠各個傳(chuan)感(gan)器傳(chuan)給ECU的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)控制噴油(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)噴油(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)。從上面(mian)對整個發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)簡述(shu)也不(bu)難看出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)對于汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)是(shi)必不(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)，一旦(dan)失去了電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將無法(fa)(fa)點火(huo)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)正常工(gong)作。尤其是(shi)在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，一旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)損壞沒(mei)(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸出(chu)，全車電(dian)(dian)路無法(fa)(fa)接通，主繼電(dian)(dian)器無法(fa)(fa)接通，ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)接通無法(fa)(fa)工(gong)作，而(er)由于供電(dian)(dian)線路中沒(mei)(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，這(zhe)時(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒(mei)(mei)有(you)運轉，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進入工(gong)作狀態(tai)，進而(er)無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，上面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)有(you)其道理的(de)(de)(de)。但在電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)能(neng)(neng)(neng)正常工(gong)作時(shi)，僅因為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)足無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)可以依(yi)靠外力推著(zhu)，這(zhe)又是(shi)為(wei)(wei)什么呢？
我們(men)在(zai)啟動(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)汽(qi)車(che)時，只(zhi)要接通(tong)了(le)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，接通(tong)主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可以采(cai)用推的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。從(cong)上面所說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原理看，其原因(yin)在(zai)于當(dang)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接通(tong)后，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)ECU和傳感器(qi)也處于接通(tong)狀態(tai)，能(neng)正常工作，火(huo)花塞(sai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路也被接通(tong)，此(ci)時只(zhi)要曲(qu)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)，通(tong)過皮帶(dai)輪(lun)與(yu)曲(qu)軸相連的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)便開始(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)，即刻便能(neng)為全車(che)進(jin)行供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)傳感器(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)到曲(qu)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)時，便開始(shi)(shi)給(gei)ECU信號，在(zai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴(pen)油(you)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)指定氣缸內噴(pen)油(you)，火(huo)花塞(sai)進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)實現了(le)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)。此(ci)過程實際上與(yu)起動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)飛(fei)輪(lun)啟動(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程類似(si)，只(zhi)是(shi)這種(zhong)方法(fa)避開了(le)刺激繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，由(you)外力推動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)向(xiang)前(qian)運動(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)曲(qu)軸運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)取代(dai)起動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)曲(qu)軸運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。
至(zhi)此，我們了解到對(dui)于一臺汽油(you)機(ji)(ji)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)汽車來說，只(zhi)要(yao)全(quan)(quan)車電(dian)路(lu)能接通，ECU和(he)傳感器(qi)能工作，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)就可以被(bei)推(tui)著。要(yao)知(zhi)道，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)被(bei)帶動(dong)(dong)以后，發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)也會同時(shi)產生電(dian)能，而火(huo)(huo)花塞(sai)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)是瞬間點(dian)火(huo)(huo)，它需要(yao)的(de)(de)電(dian)能其實并不大，因此只(zhi)要(yao)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)沒損(sun)壞(huai)，即使電(dian)瓶完(wan)全(quan)(quan)沒有點(dian)，車輛也是可以推(tui)著的(de)(de)。
我們在推著(zhu)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)時候要注(zhu)意些(xie)什么(me)呢(ni)？首先(xian)(xian)要想(xiang)推著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)車輛(liang)，要先(xian)(xian)確定(ding)其變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)是(shi)手動(dong)變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)，這(zhe)是(shi)極為重(zhong)要的(de)一(yi)(yi)點，對于配備自動(dong)變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)的(de)汽油電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)車輛(liang)來(lai)說，由于自動(dong)變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)的(de)結構特性，無(wu)論采取什么(me)辦法都(dou)是(shi)無(wu)法將(jiang)其推著(zhu)的(de)。其次，要推著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)汽車也(ye)要先(xian)(xian)確定(ding)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)必須是(shi)可以發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)，否則即使靠電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)殘余電(dian)(dian)能(neng)點火成功，運轉(zhuan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)馬上又會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)電(dian)(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)重(zhong)歸熄火。
具備這些條件(jian)才可(ke)采用推(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法應急(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在(zai)(zai)推(tui)(tui)(tui)之前(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)接通(tong)，ECU和傳感器(qi)進入工作(zuo)狀態時(shi)，掛(gua)入前(qian)進檔(dang)(dang)(dang)后(hou)，踩住(zhu)離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏(ta)板(ban)不能松(song)開(kai)，這時(shi)將車(che)(che)(che)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)定速(su)度后(hou)，松(song)開(kai)離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏(ta)板(ban)，讓車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸(zhou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通(tong)過(guo)上面我們(men)介(jie)紹(shao)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可(ke)以(yi)正常運轉了，同時(shi)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)也(ye)開(kai)始為電(dian)(dian)瓶進行充電(dian)(dian)了。需要主意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是，我們(men)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)之前(qian)掛(gua)入的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)進擋(dang)應該是2檔(dang)(dang)(dang)或3檔(dang)(dang)(dang)。之所(suo)以(yi)不能采用1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)進行推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)，原(yuan)因是由于1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)扭矩較大(da)，其傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式是大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)比較大(da)，而在(zai)(zai)1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)，則與正常行駛狀態相反，是小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)，從杠桿原(yuan)理上講，小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)運轉阻力(li)是相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)我們(men)推(tui)(tui)(tui)是極為困(kun)難的(de)(de)(de)。而采用2檔(dang)(dang)(dang)或3檔(dang)(dang)(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)，其齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)比較小，推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)更(geng)為容易(yi)。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上(shang)海(hai)施能電器設備有限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大(da)功率(lv)高壓(ya)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)智能交流(liu)(liu)/直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)負載是公司近兩年推(tui)出的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)產(chan)品(pin)，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)中高壓(ya)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)的(de)日常檢測及維護。該負載融合了(le)公司最(zui)先進的(de)負載技術，將集“常規負載柜”與“降壓(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)器”所有(you)功能于(yu)一體，直(zhi)接接入(ru)高壓(ya)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)，既可以完成(cheng)中高壓(ya)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)的(de)靜(jing)態、整定、波動、突(tu)加、突(tu)卸、諧波分析等重(zhong)要測試，使用(yong)(yong)方便，極大(da)降低了(le)用(yong)(yong)戶資金(jin)投入(ru)。日前(qian)，該設(she)備已廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)全球范(fan)圍內(nei)的(de)數據中心、應急/后備電源、通訊、電力、軍隊、航天、科研院所、船舶、海洋平臺、鐵路、油田、工(gong)礦(kuang)、金(jin)融、高校(xiao)等領域。
作為國內(nei)起步較早(zao)的數據(ju)中心應急/后備(bei)電源檢測(ce)設備(bei)研發、生產廠家，北京玉(yu)新(xin)連城(cheng)有限公(gong)司(si)一直走在行業前列。2009年(nian)，公(gong)司(si)自(zi)主研發制造的“大功(gong)率(lv)干(gan)式交流負載(zai)柜”榮獲中國國際專利(li)與(yu)品牌博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎；2010年(nian)，大功(gong)率(lv)干(gan)式交流負載(zai)柜順利(li)通過河北省(sheng)科技(ji)廳技(ji)術(shu)鑒(jian)定，整體技(ji)術(shu)水平達“國際先進”；同(tong)年(nian)，公(gong)司(si)起草并備(bei)案(an)了行業內(nei)唯一企業標準——《干(gan)式交流負載(zai)》。此次展(zhan)會(hui)，將為公(gong)司(si)提供一個(ge)良好的推廣平臺。
推(tui)車(che)啟動充電機方法及原理
在筆(bi)者還是(shi)新手的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，有(you)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)尷尬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷(li)至今讓我(wo)記憶(yi)猶(you)新。那時(shi)(shi)我(wo)拿本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不長，對車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解(jie)也(ye)(ye)比較(jiao)有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)(yi)回(hui)開著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)單(dan)位老(lao)斯柯達弗雷西亞出門(men)辦事，當時(shi)(shi)正值(zhi)夏天，一(yi)(yi)路(lu)開著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)空調(diao)。在出城以(yi)(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)，停車(che)(che)怠(dai)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)看(kan)見儀(yi)表(biao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶燈(deng)老(lao)亮，當時(shi)(shi)有(you)些(xie)納悶，但(dan)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)太當回(hui)事。出城以(yi)(yi)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)高速倒也(ye)(ye)無事，到達旅館以(yi)(yi)后(hou)天已經黑了(le)(le)。第二天早上(shang)(shang)起來一(yi)(yi)看(kan)車(che)(che)，發(fa)現(xian)不對，好像(xiang)車(che)(che)燈(deng)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)，再(zai)(zai)進入(ru)車(che)(che)內一(yi)(yi)看(kan)，音(yin)響也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)。自覺(jue)慚愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)還暗暗慶幸別人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)看(kan)見，趕緊關(guan)了(le)(le)這些(xie)設備(bei)準備(bei)開車(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)(yi)擰(ning)鑰匙(chi)門(men)發(fa)現(xian)壞了(le)(le)，只(zhi)聽著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)啟動(dong)機響了(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)不再(zai)(zai)動(dong)了(le)(le)。怎(zen)么回(hui)事？好像(xiang)車(che)(che)子沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)(mei)辦法，只(zhi)好打電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)回(hui)單(dan)位問老(lao)司(si)機怎(zen)么辦。為了(le)(le)解(jie)決問題(ti)(ti)，所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)“老(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)司(si)機一(yi)(yi)聽就(jiu)(jiu)知(zhi)道：得了(le)(le)，肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，這破車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空調(diao)和(he)(he)音(yin)響都是(shi)后(hou)加(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，加(jia)(jia)空調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)(mei)(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)這個發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機本(ben)來就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)點(dian)問題(ti)(ti)，所以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)開空調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)宿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)燈(deng)和(he)(he)音(yin)響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)戲了(le)(le)。那怎(zen)么辦？老(lao)司(si)機出了(le)(le)主(zhu)意：找個車(che)(che)搭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試試。這背井離鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)哪(na)找這車(che)(che)去(qu)？就(jiu)(jiu)算有(you)人(ren)愿意幫(bang)忙，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)搭線(xian)啊？這著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)不行。最后(hou)老(lao)司(si)機說(shuo)，還有(you)一(yi)(yi)辦法，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)找人(ren)幫(bang)你(ni)推，或(huo)許能推著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。于是(shi)我(wo)按照老(lao)司(si)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法，找了(le)(le)幾個保(bao)安幫(bang)忙，終于將車(che)(che)發(fa)動(dong)起來了(le)(le)……
這段經歷讓(rang)我(wo)至(zhi)今難(nan)忘(wang)，也徹底讓(rang)我(wo)明白了(le)車是(shi)可以推(tui)著的(de)。那車輛推(tui)著的(de)原理是(shi)什么呢(ni)？車輛到底應該(gai)如何推(tui)著呢(ni)？隨著對汽車了(le)解(jie)的(de)深入(ru)，這些原理也逐步清晰，現就(jiu)將(jiang)這些體會和理解(jie)與大家(jia)分析，也對在這方(fang)面還不了(le)解(jie)的(de)車友(you)一些幫助(zhu)。
我們知道汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)點火方式是依(yi)靠(kao)(kao)火花塞(sai)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)放點產(chan)生的(de)(de)電弧引(yin)燃(ran)(ran)汽(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)，而柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則沒有點火系統，完(wan)全依(yi)靠(kao)(kao)其發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)縮比使(shi)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)處于高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態，自行燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)的(de)(de)。由此，現在人(ren)們總是根(gen)據(ju)這個緣由對汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)產(chan)生了誤解，會自然而然地認(ren)為汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是不能靠(kao)(kao)外(wai)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車來使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉的(de)(de)，只有柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可以(yi)通過外(wai)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)可以(yi)運(yun)轉。其實這種看法并不完(wan)全正(zheng)確，那么汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)到底(di)能不能像柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)那樣靠(kao)(kao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要(yao)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化油(you)器(qi)供(gong)油(you)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)供(gong)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)我們進入(ru)車(che)(che)輛將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)插入(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)孔后，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)時(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)一(yi)檔都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)向(xiang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)解鎖(suo)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)方(fang)向(xiang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)才可(ke)以轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)二擋，其作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全車(che)(che)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)我們可(ke)以明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀(yi)表盤(pan)(pan)(pan)上(shang)看到各種指示燈點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)指示燈、冷卻液(ye)指示燈、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)指示燈等，這(zhe)意味著(zhu)此(ci)時(shi)(shi)全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)處于接(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了ECU和各傳感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，使其在(zai)(zai)得到發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)后可(ke)以正(zheng)常(chang)進入(ru)工(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)火花(hua)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們知(zhi)道此(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，由于發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并(bing)沒有運轉(zhuan)，因此(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)(gong)作，給(gei)整(zheng)車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后當(dang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)繼續向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)后，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)輪和飛(fei)輪相嚙(nie)合，飛(fei)輪在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)開(kai)始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進而(er)(er)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸(zhou)和活塞(sai)(sai)(sai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一(yi)個氣(qi)缸進入(ru)到壓(ya)縮(suo)沖程末端(duan)時(shi)(shi)，曲軸(zhou)位(wei)置傳感(gan)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)收到信號(hao)，傳遞給(gei)ECU，在(zai)(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，此(ci)氣(qi)缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花(hua)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混合氣(qi)，進入(ru)做功沖程。至(zhi)此(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)始進入(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)結束了，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)曲軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)開(kai)始工(gong)(gong)作，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為全車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)也(ye)(ye)回到了第(di)(di)二擋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，維持全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，使ECU和各傳感(gan)器(qi)能(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)報警燈、冷卻液(ye)指示燈等都(dou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪也(ye)(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和飛(fei)輪上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪脫離嚙(nie)合，以保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪。
我們(men)說(shuo)人們(men)普遍認為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)推著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有(you)其依(yi)據，但又不(bu)是(shi)完全正確的(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)知道對于汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，尤其是(shi)現(xian)在車輛中采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，其發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)要依(yi)靠電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花(hua)進行(xing)點火(huo)，依(yi)靠各個傳(chuan)感(gan)器傳(chuan)給ECU的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)控制噴油(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)噴油(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)。從上面(mian)對整個發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)簡述(shu)也不(bu)難看出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)對于汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)是(shi)必不(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)，一旦(dan)失去了電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將無法(fa)(fa)點火(huo)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)正常工(gong)作。尤其是(shi)在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，一旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)損壞沒(mei)(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸出(chu)，全車電(dian)(dian)路無法(fa)(fa)接通，主繼電(dian)(dian)器無法(fa)(fa)接通，ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)接通無法(fa)(fa)工(gong)作，而(er)由于供電(dian)(dian)線路中沒(mei)(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，這(zhe)時(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒(mei)(mei)有(you)運轉，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進入工(gong)作狀態(tai)，進而(er)無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，上面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)有(you)其道理的(de)(de)(de)。但在電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)能(neng)(neng)(neng)正常工(gong)作時(shi)，僅因為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)足無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)可以依(yi)靠外力推著(zhu)，這(zhe)又是(shi)為(wei)(wei)什么呢？
我們(men)在(zai)啟動(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)汽(qi)車(che)時，只(zhi)要接通(tong)了(le)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，接通(tong)主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可以采(cai)用推的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。從(cong)上面所說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原理看，其原因(yin)在(zai)于當(dang)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接通(tong)后，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)ECU和傳感器(qi)也處于接通(tong)狀態(tai)，能(neng)正常工作，火(huo)花塞(sai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路也被接通(tong)，此(ci)時只(zhi)要曲(qu)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)，通(tong)過皮帶(dai)輪(lun)與(yu)曲(qu)軸相連的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)便開始(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)，即刻便能(neng)為全車(che)進(jin)行供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)傳感器(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)到曲(qu)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)時，便開始(shi)(shi)給(gei)ECU信號，在(zai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴(pen)油(you)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)指定氣缸內噴(pen)油(you)，火(huo)花塞(sai)進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)實現了(le)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)。此(ci)過程實際上與(yu)起動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)飛(fei)輪(lun)啟動(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程類似(si)，只(zhi)是(shi)這種(zhong)方法(fa)避開了(le)刺激繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，由(you)外力推動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)向(xiang)前(qian)運動(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)曲(qu)軸運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)取代(dai)起動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)曲(qu)軸運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。
至(zhi)此，我們了解到對(dui)于一臺汽油(you)機(ji)(ji)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)汽車來說，只(zhi)要(yao)全(quan)(quan)車電(dian)路(lu)能接通，ECU和(he)傳感器(qi)能工作，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)就可以被(bei)推(tui)著。要(yao)知(zhi)道，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)被(bei)帶動(dong)(dong)以后，發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)也會同時(shi)產生電(dian)能，而火(huo)(huo)花塞(sai)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)是瞬間點(dian)火(huo)(huo)，它需要(yao)的(de)(de)電(dian)能其實并不大，因此只(zhi)要(yao)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)沒損(sun)壞(huai)，即使電(dian)瓶完(wan)全(quan)(quan)沒有點(dian)，車輛也是可以推(tui)著的(de)(de)。
我們在推著(zhu)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)時候要注(zhu)意些(xie)什么(me)呢(ni)？首先(xian)(xian)要想(xiang)推著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)車輛(liang)，要先(xian)(xian)確定(ding)其變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)是(shi)手動(dong)變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)，這(zhe)是(shi)極為重(zhong)要的(de)一(yi)(yi)點，對于配備自動(dong)變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)的(de)汽油電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)車輛(liang)來(lai)說，由于自動(dong)變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)的(de)結構特性，無(wu)論采取什么(me)辦法都(dou)是(shi)無(wu)法將(jiang)其推著(zhu)的(de)。其次，要推著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)汽車也(ye)要先(xian)(xian)確定(ding)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)必須是(shi)可以發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)，否則即使靠電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)殘余電(dian)(dian)能(neng)點火成功，運轉(zhuan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)馬上又會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)電(dian)(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)重(zhong)歸熄火。
具備這些條件(jian)才可(ke)采用推(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法應急(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在(zai)(zai)推(tui)(tui)(tui)之前(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)接通(tong)，ECU和傳感器(qi)進入工作(zuo)狀態時(shi)，掛(gua)入前(qian)進檔(dang)(dang)(dang)后(hou)，踩住(zhu)離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏(ta)板(ban)不能松(song)開(kai)，這時(shi)將車(che)(che)(che)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)定速(su)度后(hou)，松(song)開(kai)離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏(ta)板(ban)，讓車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸(zhou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通(tong)過(guo)上面我們(men)介(jie)紹(shao)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可(ke)以(yi)正常運轉了，同時(shi)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)也(ye)開(kai)始為電(dian)(dian)瓶進行充電(dian)(dian)了。需要主意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是，我們(men)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)之前(qian)掛(gua)入的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)進擋(dang)應該是2檔(dang)(dang)(dang)或3檔(dang)(dang)(dang)。之所(suo)以(yi)不能采用1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)進行推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)，原(yuan)因是由于1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)扭矩較大(da)，其傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式是大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)比較大(da)，而在(zai)(zai)1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)，則與正常行駛狀態相反，是小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)，從杠桿原(yuan)理上講，小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)運轉阻力(li)是相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)我們(men)推(tui)(tui)(tui)是極為困(kun)難的(de)(de)(de)。而采用2檔(dang)(dang)(dang)或3檔(dang)(dang)(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)，其齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)比較小，推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)更(geng)為容易(yi)。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上(shang)海(hai)施能電器設備有限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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