大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中國(guo)國(guo)際(ji)數據中心(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設備(bei)展覽(lan)將(jiang)于4月8-10日(ri)在上海(hai)新(xin)國(guo)際(ji)博覽(lan)中心(xin)召開，在亞洲(zhou)最大的展館舉辦及國(guo)際(ji)展覽(lan)公(gong)司加(jia)盟(meng)將(jiang)會(hui)使2014中國(guo)國(guo)際(ji)數據中心(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設備(bei)展覽(lan)會(hui)更精(jing)彩。
大功(gong)率高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組智能交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)/直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)負載是(shi)公司近兩(liang)年推(tui)出的(de)(de)重點產品(pin)，主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)日(ri)常檢測(ce)(ce)及維護。該負載融合了(le)公司最先進的(de)(de)負載技(ji)術，將集(ji)“常規負載柜(ju)”與“降壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器”所有功(gong)能于一體，直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組，既(ji)可以完成中(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)靜態、整(zheng)定、波(bo)動(dong)、突(tu)加、突(tu)卸、諧波(bo)分析等重要(yao)測(ce)(ce)試，使用(yong)(yong)方便，極(ji)大降低了(le)用(yong)(yong)戶資(zi)金投入。日(ri)前(qian)，該設備已廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于全球(qiu)范圍(wei)內的(de)(de)數據中(zhong)心、應(ying)急/后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)源、通(tong)訊、電(dian)(dian)力、軍隊、航天、科研院所、船舶、海洋平臺、鐵路、油田、工礦、金融、高(gao)校等領域。
作(zuo)為國(guo)內起步較(jiao)早的數據中心應急/后備電(dian)源檢測(ce)設備研發(fa)、生產廠家(jia)，北(bei)京玉(yu)新(xin)連(lian)城有(you)限公司一直走在行業(ye)(ye)前列。2009年，公司自主研發(fa)制造的“大功(gong)率干式(shi)交流負載柜(ju)”榮獲中國(guo)國(guo)際專利與品牌博覽會(hui)(hui)金獎；2010年，大功(gong)率干式(shi)交流負載柜(ju)順利通過河北(bei)省科技廳技術(shu)鑒定，整體技術(shu)水平達“國(guo)際先進”；同年，公司起草(cao)并(bing)備案了行業(ye)(ye)內唯一企(qi)業(ye)(ye)標準——《干式(shi)交流負載》。此次(ci)展(zhan)會(hui)(hui)，將為公司提(ti)供(gong)一個良好的推廣平臺。
推車啟動充電機方法及原理
在筆者還(huan)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)手的(de)時(shi)候，有(you)一(yi)次(ci)尷尬的(de)經歷至今(jin)讓我記憶猶(you)新(xin)。那時(shi)我拿(na)本(ben)的(de)時(shi)間不長，對(dui)車(che)(che)的(de)了(le)(le)(le)解也(ye)比較(jiao)有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)回(hui)(hui)開(kai)著(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)斯柯達(da)弗(fu)雷(lei)西亞出門(men)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事，當(dang)(dang)時(shi)正值夏天(tian)，一(yi)路(lu)開(kai)著(zhu)空調(diao)。在出城以前的(de)路(lu)上，停車(che)(che)怠速的(de)時(shi)候就(jiu)看見儀表上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)燈(deng)老(lao)(lao)亮，當(dang)(dang)時(shi)有(you)些納悶，但也(ye)沒(mei)太當(dang)(dang)回(hui)(hui)事。出城以后(hou)(hou)一(yi)路(lu)高(gao)速倒(dao)也(ye)無(wu)事，到(dao)達(da)旅館(guan)以后(hou)(hou)天(tian)已經黑了(le)(le)(le)。第二天(tian)早上起來一(yi)看車(che)(che)，發(fa)現(xian)不對(dui)，好(hao)(hao)像車(che)(che)燈(deng)沒(mei)關，再(zai)進入車(che)(che)內(nei)一(yi)看，音響也(ye)沒(mei)關。自覺慚愧的(de)同時(shi)還(huan)暗(an)暗(an)慶(qing)幸別(bie)人(ren)沒(mei)看見，趕(gan)緊關了(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)些設備準(zhun)備開(kai)車(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)擰鑰(yao)匙門(men)發(fa)現(xian)壞了(le)(le)(le)，只聽著(zhu)啟動機響了(le)(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)不再(zai)動了(le)(le)(le)。怎(zen)么(me)回(hui)(hui)事？好(hao)(hao)像車(che)(che)子(zi)沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)？沒(mei)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)法，只好(hao)(hao)打(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)回(hui)(hui)單位問(wen)老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)。為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)解決問(wen)題(ti)，所有(you)的(de)情況肯定是(shi)(shi)“老(lao)(lao)實(shi)交代(dai)”了(le)(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機一(yi)聽就(jiu)知道：得了(le)(le)(le)，肯定是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)，這(zhe)破車(che)(che)的(de)空調(diao)和音響都是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)加的(de)，加空調(diao)的(de)時(shi)候沒(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，加上這(zhe)個(ge)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機本(ben)來就(jiu)有(you)點問(wen)題(ti)，所以一(yi)開(kai)空調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)就(jiu)會虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。加上一(yi)宿的(de)車(che)(che)燈(deng)和音響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)肯定是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)戲了(le)(le)(le)。那怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)？老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機出了(le)(le)(le)主意：找(zhao)(zhao)個(ge)車(che)(che)搭(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試試。這(zhe)背井離鄉的(de)，上哪(na)找(zhao)(zhao)這(zhe)車(che)(che)去？就(jiu)算有(you)人(ren)愿意幫忙(mang)，也(ye)沒(mei)搭(da)線啊(a)？這(zhe)著(zhu)肯定不行。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機說，還(huan)有(you)一(yi)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)法，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)找(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)幫你推(tui)，或許能(neng)推(tui)著(zhu)。于是(shi)(shi)我按照老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機的(de)說法，找(zhao)(zhao)了(le)(le)(le)幾個(ge)保安幫忙(mang)，終于將(jiang)車(che)(che)發(fa)動起來了(le)(le)(le)……
這段經歷讓(rang)我至今(jin)難(nan)忘，也徹底讓(rang)我明白了車(che)(che)是可(ke)以推著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)。那車(che)(che)輛(liang)推著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)原理(li)是什(shen)么(me)呢(ni)？車(che)(che)輛(liang)到(dao)底應該如(ru)何推著(zhu)(zhu)呢(ni)？隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)對汽(qi)車(che)(che)了解的(de)深入，這些(xie)原理(li)也逐步(bu)清(qing)晰，現就(jiu)將這些(xie)體會和理(li)解與大家分析，也對在這方面還不了解的(de)車(che)(che)友一些(xie)幫助(zhu)。
我們(men)知(zhi)道汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的點(dian)火(huo)(huo)方式是依(yi)靠火(huo)(huo)花(hua)塞的高壓(ya)放點(dian)產生的電(dian)弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)的，而(er)(er)柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則(ze)沒(mei)有(you)(you)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)系統，完(wan)全依(yi)靠其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的高壓(ya)縮比(bi)使(shi)柴油(you)處于(yu)高溫高壓(ya)狀態，自行(xing)燃(ran)燒的。由此，現(xian)在人們(men)總是根(gen)據(ju)這(zhe)個緣(yuan)由對汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的啟動(dong)產生了誤解，會自然(ran)而(er)(er)然(ran)地認為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是不(bu)能(neng)靠外(wai)力推動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)來使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉的，只(zhi)有(you)(you)柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過外(wai)力推動(dong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)運(yun)轉。其(qi)實(shi)這(zhe)種看法(fa)并不(bu)完(wan)全正(zheng)確，那么(me)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)到底能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)像柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)那樣(yang)靠推動(dong)車(che)輛使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)呢？
要啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽(qi)油(you)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)無論(lun)是(shi)化油(you)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供油(you)方(fang)式的(de)還(huan)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴(pen)油(you)供油(you)的(de)方(fang)式，在我(wo)們進(jin)(jin)入(ru)車輛將鑰匙(chi)插入(ru)鑰匙(chi)孔(kong)后(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，第一(yi)檔都是(shi)方(fang)向盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)向盤(pan)才可(ke)以(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其(qi)后(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙(chi)至第二擋(dang)，其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)全(quan)車通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)們可(ke)以(yi)明顯的(de)從儀表盤(pan)上看到各(ge)種指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)點(dian)亮起(qi)(qi)(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、冷(leng)卻液(ye)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)等(deng)，這意味著此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處(chu)于接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)(le)ECU和各(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其(qi)在得(de)到發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)信號(hao)后(hou)可(ke)以(yi)正常進(jin)(jin)入(ru)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)火花塞的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是(shi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)的(de)。我(wo)們知道此(ci)狀態(tai)下，由于發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒有運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，因此(ci)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，給整車供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不是(shi)車上的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)而是(shi)車載的(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后(hou)當(dang)(dang)鑰匙(chi)繼續(xu)向下轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，鑰匙(chi)的(de)觸點(dian)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)(le)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)得(de)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)齒輪和飛(fei)輪相嚙合，飛(fei)輪在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)而帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸和活塞運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)(dang)一(yi)個(ge)氣(qi)(qi)缸進(jin)(jin)入(ru)到壓縮沖(chong)程末端時(shi)(shi)(shi)，曲軸位(wei)置傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)收到信號(hao)，傳(chuan)(chuan)遞給ECU，在ECU的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)下，此(ci)氣(qi)(qi)缸的(de)火花塞進(jin)(jin)行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混(hun)合氣(qi)(qi)，進(jin)(jin)入(ru)做功沖(chong)程。至此(ci)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)怠速狀態(tai)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)過程也就結束了(le)(le)(le)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在曲軸的(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為(wei)全(quan)車供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰匙(chi)也回到了(le)(le)(le)第二擋(dang)的(de)地方(fang)，維持全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，使ECU和各(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)正常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)報警燈(deng)、冷(leng)卻液(ye)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)等(deng)都將熄滅，起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)齒輪也將和飛(fei)輪上的(de)齒輪脫離嚙合，以(yi)保護起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)齒輪。
我們(men)說(shuo)人們(men)普遍認為的(de)汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是不(bu)(bu)能推著的(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)法(fa)有(you)其依(yi)據，但又不(bu)(bu)是完(wan)全(quan)正確的(de)。我們(men)知道對(dui)于汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，尤其是現在(zai)(zai)(zai)車輛(liang)中采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，其發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)是要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花進行(xing)點火，依(yi)靠(kao)各個傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)傳(chuan)給ECU的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制噴(pen)油(you)和(he)噴(pen)油(you)量(liang)(liang)的(de)。從上面對(dui)整個發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程的(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)難看出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)于汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)是必不(bu)(bu)可少的(de)，一旦失去了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)將無(wu)法(fa)點火，不(bu)(bu)能正常工作(zuo)(zuo)。尤其是在(zai)(zai)(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損(sun)壞沒(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)輸出(chu)，全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)無(wu)法(fa)接(jie)通，主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)無(wu)法(fa)接(jie)通，ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)能接(jie)通無(wu)法(fa)工作(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)(er)由于供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)中沒(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)能使起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)，這(zhe)時發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)又沒(mei)有(you)運轉，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)能進入工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，進而(er)(er)無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)方面來看，上面的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)還是有(you)其道理的(de)。但在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能正常工作(zuo)(zuo)時，僅因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)時，汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是可以依(yi)靠(kao)外力(li)推著，這(zhe)又是為什么呢？
我們在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺電(dian)瓶(ping)電(dian)量不足的(de)電(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)汽(qi)車(che)時，只要接(jie)通了全車(che)電(dian)路(lu)，接(jie)通主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)，可(ke)以采(cai)用推的(de)方(fang)法使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。從上面所說的(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)原理看，其(qi)原因在(zai)于(yu)(yu)當全車(che)電(dian)路(lu)及(ji)主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通后，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)ECU和(he)傳感器(qi)也處于(yu)(yu)接(jie)通狀態，能正常工作(zuo)，火花(hua)塞(sai)電(dian)路(lu)也被接(jie)通，此(ci)時只要曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通過皮帶(dai)輪與(yu)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相連的(de)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)便(bian)開(kai)始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便(bian)能為全車(che)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)供電(dian)，當傳感器(qi)檢測到曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，便(bian)開(kai)始給ECU信號，在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)供電(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴油器(qi)的(de)電(dian)磁閥在(zai)指定氣(qi)缸內噴油，火花(hua)塞(sai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)放電(dian)，引燃混合(he)氣(qi)，至此(ci)實現了發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)過程實際(ji)上與(yu)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)過程類似，只是(shi)這種方(fang)法避開(kai)了刺激(ji)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)和(he)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由外力推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)向前運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運(yun)轉(zhuan)取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。
至此(ci)，我們了解到對(dui)于(yu)一臺汽油機(ji)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)汽車(che)來說，只要全(quan)車(che)電(dian)路能(neng)接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和(he)傳感器能(neng)工作，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)就可以(yi)被推(tui)著。要知道，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)被帶動(dong)以(yi)后，發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)也(ye)(ye)會同(tong)時(shi)產生電(dian)能(neng)，而(er)火花(hua)塞點火是瞬(shun)間(jian)點火，它(ta)需要的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)其實并不大，因此(ci)只要發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)沒損壞，即使電(dian)瓶完全(quan)沒有點，車(che)輛也(ye)(ye)是可以(yi)推(tui)著的(de)(de)。
我們在推著發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的時候要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意些什么(me)呢(ni)？首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)想推著一(yi)臺(tai)電噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的車(che)輛，要(yao)(yao)(yao)先確定其變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)是手動(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)，這(zhe)是極為重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的一(yi)點，對于配備(bei)自動(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)的汽油電噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的車(che)輛來說(shuo)，由于自動(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)的結構特性，無論采取什么(me)辦法都是無法將其推著的。其次，要(yao)(yao)(yao)推著一(yi)部汽車(che)也要(yao)(yao)(yao)先確定發(fa)電機(ji)必須是可以發(fa)電的，否則即(ji)使靠電瓶的殘余電能(neng)點火(huo)成功，運轉的發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)馬上又會將電瓶的電量消(xiao)耗(hao)光，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)重歸(gui)熄(xi)火(huo)。
具備這些條件才可采(cai)用(yong)推的方法應(ying)急啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在(zai)推之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰匙門擰到2擋，讓全車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)路(lu)接通，ECU和傳感(gan)器(qi)進(jin)入(ru)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)時(shi)(shi)，掛入(ru)前(qian)進(jin)檔(dang)后(hou)(hou)，踩住(zhu)離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏板不能松開，這時(shi)(shi)將車(che)(che)(che)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一定(ding)速度(du)后(hou)(hou)，松開離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏板，讓車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸(zhou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通過上(shang)面我們介紹的過程，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)正常(chang)運(yun)(yun)轉了，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)發電(dian)機(ji)也開始為電(dian)瓶進(jin)行充電(dian)了。需(xu)要主意的是(shi)，我們推車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)掛入(ru)的前(qian)進(jin)擋應(ying)該是(shi)2檔(dang)或(huo)3檔(dang)。之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)不能采(cai)用(yong)1檔(dang)進(jin)行推車(che)(che)(che)，原因是(shi)由于1檔(dang)的扭矩較大(da)，其傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式是(shi)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較大(da)，而(er)在(zai)1檔(dang)推車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)(shi)，則(ze)與正常(chang)行駛狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)相(xiang)反，是(shi)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，從(cong)杠桿(gan)原理上(shang)講，小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)運(yun)(yun)轉阻(zu)力是(shi)相(xiang)當大(da)的，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)我們推是(shi)極為困(kun)難的。而(er)采(cai)用(yong)2檔(dang)或(huo)3檔(dang)推車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)(shi)，其齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較小(xiao)，推車(che)(che)(che)更為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能電(dian)器設備有限公司(si)始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大功(gong)率高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組智能交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)/直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)負載是(shi)公司近兩(liang)年推(tui)出的(de)(de)重點產品(pin)，主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)日(ri)常檢測(ce)(ce)及維護。該負載融合了(le)公司最先進的(de)(de)負載技(ji)術，將集(ji)“常規負載柜(ju)”與“降壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器”所有功(gong)能于一體，直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組，既(ji)可以完成中(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)靜態、整(zheng)定、波(bo)動(dong)、突(tu)加、突(tu)卸、諧波(bo)分析等重要(yao)測(ce)(ce)試，使用(yong)(yong)方便，極(ji)大降低了(le)用(yong)(yong)戶資(zi)金投入。日(ri)前(qian)，該設備已廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于全球(qiu)范圍(wei)內的(de)(de)數據中(zhong)心、應(ying)急/后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)源、通(tong)訊、電(dian)(dian)力、軍隊、航天、科研院所、船舶、海洋平臺、鐵路、油田、工礦、金融、高(gao)校等領域。
作(zuo)為國(guo)內起步較(jiao)早的數據中心應急/后備電(dian)源檢測(ce)設備研發(fa)、生產廠家(jia)，北(bei)京玉(yu)新(xin)連(lian)城有(you)限公司一直走在行業(ye)(ye)前列。2009年，公司自主研發(fa)制造的“大功(gong)率干式(shi)交流負載柜(ju)”榮獲中國(guo)國(guo)際專利與品牌博覽會(hui)(hui)金獎；2010年，大功(gong)率干式(shi)交流負載柜(ju)順利通過河北(bei)省科技廳技術(shu)鑒定，整體技術(shu)水平達“國(guo)際先進”；同年，公司起草(cao)并(bing)備案了行業(ye)(ye)內唯一企(qi)業(ye)(ye)標準——《干式(shi)交流負載》。此次(ci)展(zhan)會(hui)(hui)，將為公司提(ti)供(gong)一個良好的推廣平臺。
推車啟動充電機方法及原理
在筆者還(huan)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)手的(de)時(shi)候，有(you)一(yi)次(ci)尷尬的(de)經歷至今(jin)讓我記憶猶(you)新(xin)。那時(shi)我拿(na)本(ben)的(de)時(shi)間不長，對(dui)車(che)(che)的(de)了(le)(le)(le)解也(ye)比較(jiao)有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)回(hui)(hui)開(kai)著(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)斯柯達(da)弗(fu)雷(lei)西亞出門(men)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事，當(dang)(dang)時(shi)正值夏天(tian)，一(yi)路(lu)開(kai)著(zhu)空調(diao)。在出城以前的(de)路(lu)上，停車(che)(che)怠速的(de)時(shi)候就(jiu)看見儀表上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)燈(deng)老(lao)(lao)亮，當(dang)(dang)時(shi)有(you)些納悶，但也(ye)沒(mei)太當(dang)(dang)回(hui)(hui)事。出城以后(hou)(hou)一(yi)路(lu)高(gao)速倒(dao)也(ye)無(wu)事，到(dao)達(da)旅館(guan)以后(hou)(hou)天(tian)已經黑了(le)(le)(le)。第二天(tian)早上起來一(yi)看車(che)(che)，發(fa)現(xian)不對(dui)，好(hao)(hao)像車(che)(che)燈(deng)沒(mei)關，再(zai)進入車(che)(che)內(nei)一(yi)看，音響也(ye)沒(mei)關。自覺慚愧的(de)同時(shi)還(huan)暗(an)暗(an)慶(qing)幸別(bie)人(ren)沒(mei)看見，趕(gan)緊關了(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)些設備準(zhun)備開(kai)車(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)擰鑰(yao)匙門(men)發(fa)現(xian)壞了(le)(le)(le)，只聽著(zhu)啟動機響了(le)(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)不再(zai)動了(le)(le)(le)。怎(zen)么(me)回(hui)(hui)事？好(hao)(hao)像車(che)(che)子(zi)沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)？沒(mei)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)法，只好(hao)(hao)打(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)回(hui)(hui)單位問(wen)老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)。為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)解決問(wen)題(ti)，所有(you)的(de)情況肯定是(shi)(shi)“老(lao)(lao)實(shi)交代(dai)”了(le)(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機一(yi)聽就(jiu)知道：得了(le)(le)(le)，肯定是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)(le)，這(zhe)破車(che)(che)的(de)空調(diao)和音響都是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)加的(de)，加空調(diao)的(de)時(shi)候沒(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，加上這(zhe)個(ge)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機本(ben)來就(jiu)有(you)點問(wen)題(ti)，所以一(yi)開(kai)空調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)就(jiu)會虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。加上一(yi)宿的(de)車(che)(che)燈(deng)和音響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)肯定是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)戲了(le)(le)(le)。那怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)？老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機出了(le)(le)(le)主意：找(zhao)(zhao)個(ge)車(che)(che)搭(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試試。這(zhe)背井離鄉的(de)，上哪(na)找(zhao)(zhao)這(zhe)車(che)(che)去？就(jiu)算有(you)人(ren)愿意幫忙(mang)，也(ye)沒(mei)搭(da)線啊(a)？這(zhe)著(zhu)肯定不行。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機說，還(huan)有(you)一(yi)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)法，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)找(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)幫你推(tui)，或許能(neng)推(tui)著(zhu)。于是(shi)(shi)我按照老(lao)(lao)司(si)(si)機的(de)說法，找(zhao)(zhao)了(le)(le)(le)幾個(ge)保安幫忙(mang)，終于將(jiang)車(che)(che)發(fa)動起來了(le)(le)(le)……
這段經歷讓(rang)我至今(jin)難(nan)忘，也徹底讓(rang)我明白了車(che)(che)是可(ke)以推著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)。那車(che)(che)輛(liang)推著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)原理(li)是什(shen)么(me)呢(ni)？車(che)(che)輛(liang)到(dao)底應該如(ru)何推著(zhu)(zhu)呢(ni)？隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)對汽(qi)車(che)(che)了解的(de)深入，這些(xie)原理(li)也逐步(bu)清(qing)晰，現就(jiu)將這些(xie)體會和理(li)解與大家分析，也對在這方面還不了解的(de)車(che)(che)友一些(xie)幫助(zhu)。
我們(men)知(zhi)道汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的點(dian)火(huo)(huo)方式是依(yi)靠火(huo)(huo)花(hua)塞的高壓(ya)放點(dian)產生的電(dian)弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)的，而(er)(er)柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則(ze)沒(mei)有(you)(you)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)系統，完(wan)全依(yi)靠其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的高壓(ya)縮比(bi)使(shi)柴油(you)處于(yu)高溫高壓(ya)狀態，自行(xing)燃(ran)燒的。由此，現(xian)在人們(men)總是根(gen)據(ju)這(zhe)個緣(yuan)由對汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的啟動(dong)產生了誤解，會自然(ran)而(er)(er)然(ran)地認為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是不(bu)能(neng)靠外(wai)力推動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)來使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉的，只(zhi)有(you)(you)柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過外(wai)力推動(dong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)運(yun)轉。其(qi)實(shi)這(zhe)種看法(fa)并不(bu)完(wan)全正(zheng)確，那么(me)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)到底能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)像柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)那樣(yang)靠推動(dong)車(che)輛使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)呢？
要啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽(qi)油(you)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)無論(lun)是(shi)化油(you)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供油(you)方(fang)式的(de)還(huan)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴(pen)油(you)供油(you)的(de)方(fang)式，在我(wo)們進(jin)(jin)入(ru)車輛將鑰匙(chi)插入(ru)鑰匙(chi)孔(kong)后(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，第一(yi)檔都是(shi)方(fang)向盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)向盤(pan)才可(ke)以(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其(qi)后(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙(chi)至第二擋(dang)，其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)全(quan)車通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)們可(ke)以(yi)明顯的(de)從儀表盤(pan)上看到各(ge)種指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)點(dian)亮起(qi)(qi)(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、冷(leng)卻液(ye)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)等(deng)，這意味著此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處(chu)于接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)(le)ECU和各(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其(qi)在得(de)到發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)信號(hao)后(hou)可(ke)以(yi)正常進(jin)(jin)入(ru)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)火花塞的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是(shi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)的(de)。我(wo)們知道此(ci)狀態(tai)下，由于發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒有運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，因此(ci)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，給整車供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不是(shi)車上的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)而是(shi)車載的(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后(hou)當(dang)(dang)鑰匙(chi)繼續(xu)向下轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，鑰匙(chi)的(de)觸點(dian)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)(le)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)得(de)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)齒輪和飛(fei)輪相嚙合，飛(fei)輪在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)而帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸和活塞運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)(dang)一(yi)個(ge)氣(qi)(qi)缸進(jin)(jin)入(ru)到壓縮沖(chong)程末端時(shi)(shi)(shi)，曲軸位(wei)置傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)收到信號(hao)，傳(chuan)(chuan)遞給ECU，在ECU的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)下，此(ci)氣(qi)(qi)缸的(de)火花塞進(jin)(jin)行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混(hun)合氣(qi)(qi)，進(jin)(jin)入(ru)做功沖(chong)程。至此(ci)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)怠速狀態(tai)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)過程也就結束了(le)(le)(le)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在曲軸的(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為(wei)全(quan)車供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰匙(chi)也回到了(le)(le)(le)第二擋(dang)的(de)地方(fang)，維持全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，使ECU和各(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)正常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)報警燈(deng)、冷(leng)卻液(ye)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)等(deng)都將熄滅，起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)齒輪也將和飛(fei)輪上的(de)齒輪脫離嚙合，以(yi)保護起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)齒輪。
我們(men)說(shuo)人們(men)普遍認為的(de)汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是不(bu)(bu)能推著的(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)法(fa)有(you)其依(yi)據，但又不(bu)(bu)是完(wan)全(quan)正確的(de)。我們(men)知道對(dui)于汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，尤其是現在(zai)(zai)(zai)車輛(liang)中采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，其發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)是要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花進行(xing)點火，依(yi)靠(kao)各個傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)傳(chuan)給ECU的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制噴(pen)油(you)和(he)噴(pen)油(you)量(liang)(liang)的(de)。從上面對(dui)整個發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程的(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)難看出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)于汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)是必不(bu)(bu)可少的(de)，一旦失去了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)將無(wu)法(fa)點火，不(bu)(bu)能正常工作(zuo)(zuo)。尤其是在(zai)(zai)(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損(sun)壞沒(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)輸出(chu)，全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)無(wu)法(fa)接(jie)通，主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)無(wu)法(fa)接(jie)通，ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)能接(jie)通無(wu)法(fa)工作(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)(er)由于供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)中沒(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)能使起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)，這(zhe)時發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)又沒(mei)有(you)運轉，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)能進入工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，進而(er)(er)無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)方面來看，上面的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)還是有(you)其道理的(de)。但在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能正常工作(zuo)(zuo)時，僅因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)時，汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是可以依(yi)靠(kao)外力(li)推著，這(zhe)又是為什么呢？
我們在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺電(dian)瓶(ping)電(dian)量不足的(de)電(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)汽(qi)車(che)時，只要接(jie)通了全車(che)電(dian)路(lu)，接(jie)通主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)，可(ke)以采(cai)用推的(de)方(fang)法使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。從上面所說的(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)原理看，其(qi)原因在(zai)于(yu)(yu)當全車(che)電(dian)路(lu)及(ji)主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通后，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)ECU和(he)傳感器(qi)也處于(yu)(yu)接(jie)通狀態，能正常工作(zuo)，火花(hua)塞(sai)電(dian)路(lu)也被接(jie)通，此(ci)時只要曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通過皮帶(dai)輪與(yu)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相連的(de)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)便(bian)開(kai)始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便(bian)能為全車(che)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)供電(dian)，當傳感器(qi)檢測到曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，便(bian)開(kai)始給ECU信號，在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)供電(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴油器(qi)的(de)電(dian)磁閥在(zai)指定氣(qi)缸內噴油，火花(hua)塞(sai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)放電(dian)，引燃混合(he)氣(qi)，至此(ci)實現了發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)過程實際(ji)上與(yu)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)過程類似，只是(shi)這種方(fang)法避開(kai)了刺激(ji)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)和(he)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由外力推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)向前運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運(yun)轉(zhuan)取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。
至此(ci)，我們了解到對(dui)于(yu)一臺汽油機(ji)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)汽車(che)來說，只要全(quan)車(che)電(dian)路能(neng)接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和(he)傳感器能(neng)工作，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)就可以(yi)被推(tui)著。要知道，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)被帶動(dong)以(yi)后，發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)也(ye)(ye)會同(tong)時(shi)產生電(dian)能(neng)，而(er)火花(hua)塞點火是瞬(shun)間(jian)點火，它(ta)需要的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)其實并不大，因此(ci)只要發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)沒損壞，即使電(dian)瓶完全(quan)沒有點，車(che)輛也(ye)(ye)是可以(yi)推(tui)著的(de)(de)。
我們在推著發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的時候要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意些什么(me)呢(ni)？首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)想推著一(yi)臺(tai)電噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的車(che)輛，要(yao)(yao)(yao)先確定其變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)是手動(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)，這(zhe)是極為重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的一(yi)點，對于配備(bei)自動(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)的汽油電噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的車(che)輛來說(shuo)，由于自動(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)的結構特性，無論采取什么(me)辦法都是無法將其推著的。其次，要(yao)(yao)(yao)推著一(yi)部汽車(che)也要(yao)(yao)(yao)先確定發(fa)電機(ji)必須是可以發(fa)電的，否則即(ji)使靠電瓶的殘余電能(neng)點火(huo)成功，運轉的發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)馬上又會將電瓶的電量消(xiao)耗(hao)光，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)重歸(gui)熄(xi)火(huo)。
具備這些條件才可采(cai)用(yong)推的方法應(ying)急啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在(zai)推之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰匙門擰到2擋，讓全車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)路(lu)接通，ECU和傳感(gan)器(qi)進(jin)入(ru)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)時(shi)(shi)，掛入(ru)前(qian)進(jin)檔(dang)后(hou)(hou)，踩住(zhu)離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏板不能松開，這時(shi)(shi)將車(che)(che)(che)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一定(ding)速度(du)后(hou)(hou)，松開離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏板，讓車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸(zhou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通過上(shang)面我們介紹的過程，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)正常(chang)運(yun)(yun)轉了，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)發電(dian)機(ji)也開始為電(dian)瓶進(jin)行充電(dian)了。需(xu)要主意的是(shi)，我們推車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)掛入(ru)的前(qian)進(jin)擋應(ying)該是(shi)2檔(dang)或(huo)3檔(dang)。之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)不能采(cai)用(yong)1檔(dang)進(jin)行推車(che)(che)(che)，原因是(shi)由于1檔(dang)的扭矩較大(da)，其傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式是(shi)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較大(da)，而(er)在(zai)1檔(dang)推車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)(shi)，則(ze)與正常(chang)行駛狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)相(xiang)反，是(shi)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，從(cong)杠桿(gan)原理上(shang)講，小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)運(yun)(yun)轉阻(zu)力是(shi)相(xiang)當大(da)的，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)我們推是(shi)極為困(kun)難的。而(er)采(cai)用(yong)2檔(dang)或(huo)3檔(dang)推車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)(shi)，其齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較小(xiao)，推車(che)(che)(che)更為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能電(dian)器設備有限公司(si)始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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