大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中(zhong)國國際(ji)數據中(zhong)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)備展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)將于4月(yue)8-10日在(zai)上(shang)海(hai)新國際(ji)博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)心(xin)召開，在(zai)亞(ya)洲最大的展(zhan)館(guan)舉辦(ban)及國際(ji)展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)公司(si)加盟將會使2014中(zhong)國國際(ji)數據中(zhong)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)備展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)會更(geng)精彩。
大(da)功(gong)率高壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)智能(neng)交流/直流負載是(shi)公司(si)近兩年推出的(de)(de)重點產品，主要用(yong)于(yu)中高壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)日(ri)常檢測及維護。該(gai)負載融合(he)了公司(si)最先(xian)進的(de)(de)負載技(ji)術，將集“常規(gui)負載柜”與“降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器”所(suo)有功(gong)能(neng)于(yu)一體，直接(jie)接(jie)入高壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)，既(ji)可以(yi)完成中高壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)靜(jing)態、整定、波動、突加、突卸、諧(xie)波分(fen)析等重要測試(shi)，使用(yong)方便(bian)，極大(da)降(jiang)低了用(yong)戶資金投入。日(ri)前，該(gai)設備已廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)全球范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)數據中心、應急/后備電(dian)源(yuan)、通(tong)訊(xun)、電(dian)力(li)、軍隊、航(hang)天、科(ke)研院所(suo)、船舶、海洋(yang)平臺、鐵路、油田、工(gong)礦、金融、高校等領域。
作(zuo)為國內起步較早的數據中心應急/后備電源(yuan)檢(jian)測設備研(yan)發、生(sheng)產廠(chang)家，北(bei)京玉新連(lian)城有限(xian)公(gong)司(si)一(yi)(yi)直走在(zai)行業前列。2009年(nian)，公(gong)司(si)自主研(yan)發制造的“大(da)功率干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載柜(ju)(ju)”榮獲中國國際專利與品牌博覽會金獎；2010年(nian)，大(da)功率干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載柜(ju)(ju)順(shun)利通(tong)過河北(bei)省科技(ji)廳(ting)技(ji)術鑒定，整體技(ji)術水平達“國際先進”；同(tong)年(nian)，公(gong)司(si)起草并備案了行業內唯一(yi)(yi)企業標準——《干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載》。此次展會，將為公(gong)司(si)提供一(yi)(yi)個良好的推廣平臺。
推(tui)車啟動(dong)充(chong)電機方(fang)法及原(yuan)理
在(zai)筆者還是(shi)新(xin)手的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次尷尬的(de)(de)經歷(li)至今讓我記憶猶新(xin)。那時(shi)(shi)我拿本的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)長，對(dui)車的(de)(de)了解(jie)也比較有(you)(you)(you)限。有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)回開著(zhu)單位老斯柯達(da)弗雷西亞出(chu)(chu)門(men)(men)辦(ban)事，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)值夏天，一(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)開著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)。在(zai)出(chu)(chu)城以前的(de)(de)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)，停(ting)車怠速(su)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)看見儀(yi)表上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)瓶燈(deng)老亮，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)些納悶，但(dan)也沒(mei)(mei)太(tai)當(dang)回事。出(chu)(chu)城以后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)高速(su)倒也無事，到達(da)旅館以后(hou)天已經黑(hei)了。第二(er)天早上(shang)(shang)起來一(yi)(yi)(yi)看車，發(fa)現不(bu)對(dui)，好像車燈(deng)沒(mei)(mei)關，再進入(ru)車內一(yi)(yi)(yi)看，音響(xiang)(xiang)也沒(mei)(mei)關。自覺慚愧的(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)還暗暗慶幸別(bie)人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)看見，趕緊關了這(zhe)(zhe)些設備(bei)準備(bei)開車走(zou)人(ren)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)擰鑰匙(chi)門(men)(men)發(fa)現壞了，只聽(ting)(ting)著(zhu)啟(qi)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)響(xiang)(xiang)了兩下就(jiu)不(bu)再動(dong)了。怎么(me)回事？好像車子沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)了？沒(mei)(mei)辦(ban)法，只好打電(dian)話回單位問老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)怎么(me)辦(ban)。為了解(jie)決問題(ti)，所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)情(qing)況肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)“老實(shi)交代”了。老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽(ting)(ting)就(jiu)知道：得了，肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)電(dian)瓶沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)了，這(zhe)(zhe)破車的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)和(he)音響(xiang)(xiang)都是(shi)后(hou)加的(de)(de)，加空(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，加上(shang)(shang)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)本來就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)點問題(ti)，所(suo)以一(yi)(yi)(yi)開空(kong)(kong)調(diao)電(dian)瓶就(jiu)會虧電(dian)。加上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)宿的(de)(de)車燈(deng)和(he)音響(xiang)(xiang)，電(dian)瓶肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)戲(xi)了。那怎么(me)辦(ban)？老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)了主意：找(zhao)(zhao)個(ge)(ge)車搭電(dian)試試。這(zhe)(zhe)背井(jing)離鄉的(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)哪(na)找(zhao)(zhao)這(zhe)(zhe)車去？就(jiu)算有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)愿意幫(bang)忙(mang)(mang)，也沒(mei)(mei)搭線啊？這(zhe)(zhe)著(zhu)肯(ken)定(ding)不(bu)行。最后(hou)老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)說，還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)辦(ban)法，就(jiu)是(shi)找(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)幫(bang)你推，或許能推著(zhu)。于是(shi)我按照老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)說法，找(zhao)(zhao)了幾個(ge)(ge)保(bao)安幫(bang)忙(mang)(mang)，終于將車發(fa)動(dong)起來了……
這(zhe)段經歷讓我至今難忘，也徹底讓我明白了(le)車(che)是(shi)可以推著的(de)。那(nei)車(che)輛推著的(de)原理(li)(li)是(shi)什么呢(ni)？車(che)輛到底應該如何推著呢(ni)？隨(sui)著對汽車(che)了(le)解的(de)深(shen)入(ru)，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)原理(li)(li)也逐步清晰，現(xian)就將這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)體會和理(li)(li)解與大家分析，也對在(zai)這(zhe)方面還不了(le)解的(de)車(che)友一些(xie)(xie)幫助。
我們(men)知道汽(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)點火方式(shi)是(shi)依靠火花塞的(de)高壓放點產生(sheng)的(de)電弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)(qi)油的(de)，而柴(chai)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)則沒有(you)點火系統，完(wan)(wan)全依靠其發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)高壓縮比使(shi)(shi)柴(chai)油處于高溫(wen)高壓狀態，自(zi)行(xing)燃(ran)燒的(de)。由此，現在人們(men)總是(shi)根據這個(ge)緣由對汽(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產生(sheng)了誤解，會自(zi)然而然地(di)認為汽(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)靠外(wai)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車來使(shi)(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)的(de)，只有(you)柴(chai)油機(ji)可以(yi)通(tong)過外(wai)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可以(yi)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。其實這種看法并不(bu)(bu)完(wan)(wan)全正確，那(nei)么汽(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)到底能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)像柴(chai)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)那(nei)樣(yang)靠推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛使(shi)(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺汽油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)無(wu)論是(shi)化油(you)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)油(you)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)供(gong)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，在(zai)我們進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)車(che)(che)輛(liang)將鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插(cha)入(ru)(ru)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔后(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)一檔都是(shi)方向盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方向盤(pan)才可以轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其(qi)(qi)后(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至第(di)(di)二擋(dang)(dang)，其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)全車(che)(che)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我們可以明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀(yi)表盤(pan)上(shang)看到(dao)各種指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)點亮起，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、冷卻(que)液指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)等(deng)，這(zhe)(zhe)意味著此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處于接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)了ECU和(he)(he)(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其(qi)(qi)在(zai)得(de)到(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)(hao)后(hou)可以正常進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火花塞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也(ye)是(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們知道此(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)，由于發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒有運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，因此(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，給(gei)整(zheng)車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不是(shi)車(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)而是(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最后(hou)當鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)續(xu)向下(xia)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)了啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)控制(zhi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)得(de)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)(hao)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)輪(lun)和(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)輪(lun)相(xiang)嚙合(he)(he)，飛(fei)(fei)輪(lun)在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)開始(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)而帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)和(he)(he)(he)活塞運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當一個氣(qi)(qi)缸進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)壓(ya)縮沖(chong)程末端時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，曲(qu)軸(zhou)位置(zhi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)收到(dao)信號(hao)(hao)，傳(chuan)遞給(gei)ECU，在(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下(xia)，此(ci)(ci)氣(qi)(qi)缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混合(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)，進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)做功(gong)沖(chong)程。至此(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程也(ye)就結束了，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)曲(qu)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)開始(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為全車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也(ye)回到(dao)了第(di)(di)二擋(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，維持全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)，使ECU和(he)(he)(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)正常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)報(bao)警燈(deng)、冷卻(que)液指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)等(deng)都將熄滅，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)也(ye)將和(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)輪(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)脫離嚙合(he)(he)，以保護(hu)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)。
我(wo)們說人們普遍(bian)認為的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)推著的(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)種說法有(you)其(qi)依據，但又不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全(quan)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們知道(dao)對于汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)現在車輛中采用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說，其(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要依靠電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花進行點火(huo)，依靠各個傳(chuan)感器傳(chuan)給(gei)ECU的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號控(kong)制噴油(you)(you)和噴油(you)(you)量的(de)(de)(de)。從上面對整個發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)過程的(de)(de)(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)(bu)難看出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)對于汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說是(shi)(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)，一旦失(shi)去了電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)(wu)(wu)法點火(huo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)時，一旦電(dian)(dian)瓶損壞沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)量輸出(chu)，全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)路無(wu)(wu)(wu)法接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，主繼電(dian)(dian)器無(wu)(wu)(wu)法接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，ECU和各傳(chuan)感器不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，而(er)由于供電(dian)(dian)線路中沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)使(shi)起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，這(zhe)(zhe)時發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒有(you)運轉，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)進入工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀態，進而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)(zhe)方面來看，上面的(de)(de)(de)說法還是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)其(qi)道(dao)理的(de)(de)(de)。但在電(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時，僅因為電(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無(wu)(wu)(wu)法啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以依靠外(wai)力推著，這(zhe)(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)(shi)為什么呢？
我(wo)們在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)汽車(che)時，只要接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，可以(yi)采用(yong)推的(de)(de)(de)方法使發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉。從上面所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原理看(kan)，其(qi)原因在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)當全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路及主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)ECU和傳感器也處于(yu)(yu)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態，能正(zheng)常工作，火(huo)花塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)路也被接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，此時只要曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉動(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)皮帶(dai)輪(lun)與曲(qu)軸(zhou)相連的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)便開始(shi)轉動(dong)，即刻便能為全車(che)進行供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當傳感器檢(jian)測(ce)到曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉動(dong)時，便開始(shi)給ECU信號，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴油器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)(zai)指定氣(qi)(qi)缸內噴油，火(huo)花塞進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，引燃混合氣(qi)(qi)，至此實現了(le)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)。此過(guo)程實際上與起動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)飛輪(lun)啟動(dong)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程類似，只是(shi)這種方法避(bi)開了(le)刺激繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器和起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由外(wai)力推動(dong)汽車(che)向前運動(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)運轉取代(dai)起動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)運轉。
至此，我(wo)們了解到對于一臺汽(qi)油機(ji)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)來說，只(zhi)要(yao)全(quan)車(che)電路能接通(tong)，ECU和傳感(gan)器能工作(zuo)，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)就可(ke)以被(bei)推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)。要(yao)知道，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)被(bei)帶(dai)動(dong)以后，發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)也會同(tong)時產生(sheng)電能，而火(huo)花塞點火(huo)是瞬間點火(huo)，它需(xu)要(yao)的(de)電能其實并(bing)不大(da)，因(yin)此只(zhi)要(yao)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)沒損壞，即使(shi)電瓶完全(quan)沒有(you)點，車(che)輛也是可(ke)以推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)。
我們在推(tui)(tui)著發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)注意些什(shen)么呢？首先(xian)要(yao)想推(tui)(tui)著一臺電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)，要(yao)先(xian)確定其變速箱(xiang)是(shi)(shi)手(shou)動變速箱(xiang)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)極為重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一點，對于配(pei)備自(zi)動變速箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)油(you)電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)來說，由于自(zi)動變速箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)特性，無論采取什(shen)么辦法都是(shi)(shi)無法將(jiang)其推(tui)(tui)著的(de)(de)(de)。其次，要(yao)推(tui)(tui)著一部汽(qi)車也要(yao)先(xian)確定發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)必須是(shi)(shi)可以發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，否則即使(shi)靠電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)殘余(yu)電(dian)(dian)能點火成(cheng)功(gong)，運轉的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)馬上又會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)重歸(gui)熄火。
具備這(zhe)些條件才可采用推(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)方(fang)法應急啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在推(tui)(tui)之前(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)電(dian)路接通(tong)，ECU和傳(chuan)感器進(jin)入工(gong)作(zuo)狀態時，掛入前(qian)進(jin)檔(dang)后(hou)，踩住離(li)合(he)器踏板(ban)不能松開，這(zhe)時將車(che)(che)(che)(che)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一定速度后(hou)，松開離(li)合(he)器踏板(ban)，讓車(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)樣通(tong)過(guo)上面(mian)我們介紹(shao)的(de)(de)過(guo)程，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可以正常運(yun)轉了，同時發電(dian)機(ji)也(ye)開始為電(dian)瓶進(jin)行充電(dian)了。需要主意的(de)(de)是(shi)，我們推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)之前(qian)掛入的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)擋(dang)應該是(shi)2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之所(suo)以不能采用1檔(dang)進(jin)行推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)，原因是(shi)由于1檔(dang)的(de)(de)扭矩較(jiao)大，其傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式是(shi)大齒輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)(xiao)齒輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式，齒輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)大，而在1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)時，則與正常行駛狀態相反，是(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)齒輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒輪(lun)(lun)，從杠桿原理上講，小(xiao)(xiao)齒輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒輪(lun)(lun)運(yun)轉阻(zu)力是(shi)相當(dang)大的(de)(de)，所(suo)以我們推(tui)(tui)是(shi)極為困難的(de)(de)。而采用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)時，其齒輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)，推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)更為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施(shi)能(neng)電器設備有限公司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大(da)功(gong)率高壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)智能(neng)交流/直流負載是(shi)公司(si)近兩年推出的(de)(de)重點產品，主要用(yong)于(yu)中高壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)日(ri)常檢測及維護。該(gai)負載融合(he)了公司(si)最先(xian)進的(de)(de)負載技(ji)術，將集“常規(gui)負載柜”與“降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器”所(suo)有功(gong)能(neng)于(yu)一體，直接(jie)接(jie)入高壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)，既(ji)可以(yi)完成中高壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)靜(jing)態、整定、波動、突加、突卸、諧(xie)波分(fen)析等重要測試(shi)，使用(yong)方便(bian)，極大(da)降(jiang)低了用(yong)戶資金投入。日(ri)前，該(gai)設備已廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)全球范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)數據中心、應急/后備電(dian)源(yuan)、通(tong)訊(xun)、電(dian)力(li)、軍隊、航(hang)天、科(ke)研院所(suo)、船舶、海洋(yang)平臺、鐵路、油田、工(gong)礦、金融、高校等領域。
作(zuo)為國內起步較早的數據中心應急/后備電源(yuan)檢(jian)測設備研(yan)發、生(sheng)產廠(chang)家，北(bei)京玉新連(lian)城有限(xian)公(gong)司(si)一(yi)(yi)直走在(zai)行業前列。2009年(nian)，公(gong)司(si)自主研(yan)發制造的“大(da)功率干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載柜(ju)(ju)”榮獲中國國際專利與品牌博覽會金獎；2010年(nian)，大(da)功率干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載柜(ju)(ju)順(shun)利通(tong)過河北(bei)省科技(ji)廳(ting)技(ji)術鑒定，整體技(ji)術水平達“國際先進”；同(tong)年(nian)，公(gong)司(si)起草并備案了行業內唯一(yi)(yi)企業標準——《干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載》。此次展會，將為公(gong)司(si)提供一(yi)(yi)個良好的推廣平臺。
推(tui)車啟動(dong)充(chong)電機方(fang)法及原(yuan)理
在(zai)筆者還是(shi)新(xin)手的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次尷尬的(de)(de)經歷(li)至今讓我記憶猶新(xin)。那時(shi)(shi)我拿本的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)長，對(dui)車的(de)(de)了解(jie)也比較有(you)(you)(you)限。有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)回開著(zhu)單位老斯柯達(da)弗雷西亞出(chu)(chu)門(men)(men)辦(ban)事，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)值夏天，一(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)開著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)。在(zai)出(chu)(chu)城以前的(de)(de)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)，停(ting)車怠速(su)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)看見儀(yi)表上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)瓶燈(deng)老亮，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)些納悶，但(dan)也沒(mei)(mei)太(tai)當(dang)回事。出(chu)(chu)城以后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)高速(su)倒也無事，到達(da)旅館以后(hou)天已經黑(hei)了。第二(er)天早上(shang)(shang)起來一(yi)(yi)(yi)看車，發(fa)現不(bu)對(dui)，好像車燈(deng)沒(mei)(mei)關，再進入(ru)車內一(yi)(yi)(yi)看，音響(xiang)(xiang)也沒(mei)(mei)關。自覺慚愧的(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)還暗暗慶幸別(bie)人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)看見，趕緊關了這(zhe)(zhe)些設備(bei)準備(bei)開車走(zou)人(ren)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)擰鑰匙(chi)門(men)(men)發(fa)現壞了，只聽(ting)(ting)著(zhu)啟(qi)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)響(xiang)(xiang)了兩下就(jiu)不(bu)再動(dong)了。怎么(me)回事？好像車子沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)了？沒(mei)(mei)辦(ban)法，只好打電(dian)話回單位問老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)怎么(me)辦(ban)。為了解(jie)決問題(ti)，所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)情(qing)況肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)“老實(shi)交代”了。老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽(ting)(ting)就(jiu)知道：得了，肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)電(dian)瓶沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)了，這(zhe)(zhe)破車的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)和(he)音響(xiang)(xiang)都是(shi)后(hou)加的(de)(de)，加空(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，加上(shang)(shang)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)本來就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)點問題(ti)，所(suo)以一(yi)(yi)(yi)開空(kong)(kong)調(diao)電(dian)瓶就(jiu)會虧電(dian)。加上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)宿的(de)(de)車燈(deng)和(he)音響(xiang)(xiang)，電(dian)瓶肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)戲(xi)了。那怎么(me)辦(ban)？老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)了主意：找(zhao)(zhao)個(ge)(ge)車搭電(dian)試試。這(zhe)(zhe)背井(jing)離鄉的(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)哪(na)找(zhao)(zhao)這(zhe)(zhe)車去？就(jiu)算有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)愿意幫(bang)忙(mang)(mang)，也沒(mei)(mei)搭線啊？這(zhe)(zhe)著(zhu)肯(ken)定(ding)不(bu)行。最后(hou)老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)說，還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)辦(ban)法，就(jiu)是(shi)找(zhao)(zhao)人(ren)幫(bang)你推，或許能推著(zhu)。于是(shi)我按照老司(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)說法，找(zhao)(zhao)了幾個(ge)(ge)保(bao)安幫(bang)忙(mang)(mang)，終于將車發(fa)動(dong)起來了……
這(zhe)段經歷讓我至今難忘，也徹底讓我明白了(le)車(che)是(shi)可以推著的(de)。那(nei)車(che)輛推著的(de)原理(li)(li)是(shi)什么呢(ni)？車(che)輛到底應該如何推著呢(ni)？隨(sui)著對汽車(che)了(le)解的(de)深(shen)入(ru)，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)原理(li)(li)也逐步清晰，現(xian)就將這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)體會和理(li)(li)解與大家分析，也對在(zai)這(zhe)方面還不了(le)解的(de)車(che)友一些(xie)(xie)幫助。
我們(men)知道汽(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)點火方式(shi)是(shi)依靠火花塞的(de)高壓放點產生(sheng)的(de)電弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)(qi)油的(de)，而柴(chai)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)則沒有(you)點火系統，完(wan)(wan)全依靠其發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)高壓縮比使(shi)(shi)柴(chai)油處于高溫(wen)高壓狀態，自(zi)行(xing)燃(ran)燒的(de)。由此，現在人們(men)總是(shi)根據這個(ge)緣由對汽(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產生(sheng)了誤解，會自(zi)然而然地(di)認為汽(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)靠外(wai)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車來使(shi)(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)的(de)，只有(you)柴(chai)油機(ji)可以(yi)通(tong)過外(wai)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可以(yi)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。其實這種看法并不(bu)(bu)完(wan)(wan)全正確，那(nei)么汽(qi)(qi)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)到底能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)像柴(chai)油發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)那(nei)樣(yang)靠推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛使(shi)(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺汽油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)無(wu)論是(shi)化油(you)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)油(you)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)供(gong)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，在(zai)我們進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)車(che)(che)輛(liang)將鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插(cha)入(ru)(ru)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔后(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)一檔都是(shi)方向盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方向盤(pan)才可以轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其(qi)(qi)后(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至第(di)(di)二擋(dang)(dang)，其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)全車(che)(che)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我們可以明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀(yi)表盤(pan)上(shang)看到(dao)各種指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)點亮起，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、冷卻(que)液指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)等(deng)，這(zhe)(zhe)意味著此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處于接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)了ECU和(he)(he)(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其(qi)(qi)在(zai)得(de)到(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)(hao)后(hou)可以正常進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火花塞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也(ye)是(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們知道此(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)，由于發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒有運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，因此(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，給(gei)整(zheng)車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不是(shi)車(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)而是(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最后(hou)當鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)續(xu)向下(xia)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)了啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)控制(zhi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)得(de)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)(hao)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)輪(lun)和(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)輪(lun)相(xiang)嚙合(he)(he)，飛(fei)(fei)輪(lun)在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)開始(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)而帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)和(he)(he)(he)活塞運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當一個氣(qi)(qi)缸進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)壓(ya)縮沖(chong)程末端時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，曲(qu)軸(zhou)位置(zhi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)收到(dao)信號(hao)(hao)，傳(chuan)遞給(gei)ECU，在(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下(xia)，此(ci)(ci)氣(qi)(qi)缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混合(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)，進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)做功(gong)沖(chong)程。至此(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程也(ye)就結束了，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)曲(qu)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)開始(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為全車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也(ye)回到(dao)了第(di)(di)二擋(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，維持全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)，使ECU和(he)(he)(he)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)正常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)報(bao)警燈(deng)、冷卻(que)液指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)等(deng)都將熄滅，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)也(ye)將和(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)輪(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)脫離嚙合(he)(he)，以保護(hu)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)。
我(wo)們說人們普遍(bian)認為的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)推著的(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)種說法有(you)其(qi)依據，但又不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全(quan)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們知道(dao)對于汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)現在車輛中采用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說，其(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要依靠電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花進行點火(huo)，依靠各個傳(chuan)感器傳(chuan)給(gei)ECU的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號控(kong)制噴油(you)(you)和噴油(you)(you)量的(de)(de)(de)。從上面對整個發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)過程的(de)(de)(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)(bu)難看出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)對于汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說是(shi)(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)，一旦失(shi)去了電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)(wu)(wu)法點火(huo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)時，一旦電(dian)(dian)瓶損壞沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)量輸出(chu)，全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)路無(wu)(wu)(wu)法接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，主繼電(dian)(dian)器無(wu)(wu)(wu)法接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，ECU和各傳(chuan)感器不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，而(er)由于供電(dian)(dian)線路中沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)使(shi)起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，這(zhe)(zhe)時發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒有(you)運轉，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)進入工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀態，進而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)(zhe)方面來看，上面的(de)(de)(de)說法還是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)其(qi)道(dao)理的(de)(de)(de)。但在電(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時，僅因為電(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無(wu)(wu)(wu)法啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以依靠外(wai)力推著，這(zhe)(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)(shi)為什么呢？
我(wo)們在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)汽車(che)時，只要接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，可以(yi)采用(yong)推的(de)(de)(de)方法使發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉。從上面所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原理看(kan)，其(qi)原因在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)當全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路及主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)ECU和傳感器也處于(yu)(yu)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態，能正(zheng)常工作，火(huo)花塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)路也被接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，此時只要曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉動(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)皮帶(dai)輪(lun)與曲(qu)軸(zhou)相連的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)便開始(shi)轉動(dong)，即刻便能為全車(che)進行供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當傳感器檢(jian)測(ce)到曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉動(dong)時，便開始(shi)給ECU信號，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴油器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)(zai)指定氣(qi)(qi)缸內噴油，火(huo)花塞進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，引燃混合氣(qi)(qi)，至此實現了(le)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)。此過(guo)程實際上與起動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)飛輪(lun)啟動(dong)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程類似，只是(shi)這種方法避(bi)開了(le)刺激繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器和起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由外(wai)力推動(dong)汽車(che)向前運動(dong)帶(dai)動(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)運轉取代(dai)起動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)運轉。
至此，我(wo)們了解到對于一臺汽(qi)油機(ji)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)來說，只(zhi)要(yao)全(quan)車(che)電路能接通(tong)，ECU和傳感(gan)器能工作(zuo)，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)就可(ke)以被(bei)推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)。要(yao)知道，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)被(bei)帶(dai)動(dong)以后，發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)也會同(tong)時產生(sheng)電能，而火(huo)花塞點火(huo)是瞬間點火(huo)，它需(xu)要(yao)的(de)電能其實并(bing)不大(da)，因(yin)此只(zhi)要(yao)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)沒損壞，即使(shi)電瓶完全(quan)沒有(you)點，車(che)輛也是可(ke)以推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)。
我們在推(tui)(tui)著發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)注意些什(shen)么呢？首先(xian)要(yao)想推(tui)(tui)著一臺電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)，要(yao)先(xian)確定其變速箱(xiang)是(shi)(shi)手(shou)動變速箱(xiang)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)極為重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一點，對于配(pei)備自(zi)動變速箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)油(you)電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)來說，由于自(zi)動變速箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)特性，無論采取什(shen)么辦法都是(shi)(shi)無法將(jiang)其推(tui)(tui)著的(de)(de)(de)。其次，要(yao)推(tui)(tui)著一部汽(qi)車也要(yao)先(xian)確定發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)必須是(shi)(shi)可以發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，否則即使(shi)靠電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)殘余(yu)電(dian)(dian)能點火成(cheng)功(gong)，運轉的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)馬上又會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)重歸(gui)熄火。
具備這(zhe)些條件才可采用推(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)方(fang)法應急啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在推(tui)(tui)之前(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)電(dian)路接通(tong)，ECU和傳(chuan)感器進(jin)入工(gong)作(zuo)狀態時，掛入前(qian)進(jin)檔(dang)后(hou)，踩住離(li)合(he)器踏板(ban)不能松開，這(zhe)時將車(che)(che)(che)(che)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一定速度后(hou)，松開離(li)合(he)器踏板(ban)，讓車(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)樣通(tong)過(guo)上面(mian)我們介紹(shao)的(de)(de)過(guo)程，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可以正常運(yun)轉了，同時發電(dian)機(ji)也(ye)開始為電(dian)瓶進(jin)行充電(dian)了。需要主意的(de)(de)是(shi)，我們推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)之前(qian)掛入的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)擋(dang)應該是(shi)2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之所(suo)以不能采用1檔(dang)進(jin)行推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)，原因是(shi)由于1檔(dang)的(de)(de)扭矩較(jiao)大，其傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式是(shi)大齒輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)(xiao)齒輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式，齒輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)大，而在1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)時，則與正常行駛狀態相反，是(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)齒輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒輪(lun)(lun)，從杠桿原理上講，小(xiao)(xiao)齒輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒輪(lun)(lun)運(yun)轉阻(zu)力是(shi)相當(dang)大的(de)(de)，所(suo)以我們推(tui)(tui)是(shi)極為困難的(de)(de)。而采用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)時，其齒輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)，推(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)更為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施(shi)能(neng)電器設備有限公司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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