大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中國國際(ji)數(shu)據中心(xin)技(ji)術設備展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)將于(yu)4月(yue)8-10日在(zai)上(shang)海新國際(ji)博覽(lan)(lan)中心(xin)召開(kai)，在(zai)亞洲最大的展(zhan)館舉辦及國際(ji)展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)公司(si)加(jia)盟(meng)將會使2014中國國際(ji)數(shu)據中心(xin)技(ji)術設備展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)會更(geng)精彩。
大功率高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組智能(neng)(neng)交流/直流負(fu)載(zai)(zai)是公(gong)(gong)司近兩年推出的(de)(de)重點產品(pin)，主要(yao)用于(yu)中高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)日常檢測及維護。該負(fu)載(zai)(zai)融(rong)合了(le)公(gong)(gong)司最先進的(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)技術，將(jiang)集“常規負(fu)載(zai)(zai)柜”與“降(jiang)(jiang)壓變壓器”所有(you)功能(neng)(neng)于(yu)一體(ti)，直接接入高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組，既可以完成中高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)靜態、整定(ding)、波動、突加(jia)、突卸、諧波分(fen)析等重要(yao)測試，使(shi)用方便，極大降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了(le)用戶資金(jin)投入。日前，該設(she)備(bei)已(yi)廣泛應用于(yu)全球范圍內的(de)(de)數據中心、應急/后備(bei)電(dian)源、通(tong)訊、電(dian)力、軍隊(dui)、航(hang)天、科(ke)研院所、船舶、海洋平臺、鐵(tie)路、油田、工(gong)礦、金(jin)融(rong)、高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)等領域(yu)。
作為(wei)國內(nei)起步較(jiao)早的(de)數據中(zhong)心應急/后備電源檢測設(she)備研(yan)發、生產廠(chang)家(jia)，北京(jing)玉新連城有限公司一直走在行(xing)業(ye)前列(lie)。2009年(nian)，公司自主研(yan)發制造的(de)“大功率(lv)干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載柜(ju)”榮獲中(zhong)國國際(ji)(ji)專(zhuan)利與品牌博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎；2010年(nian)，大功率(lv)干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載柜(ju)順利通(tong)過河(he)北省科技(ji)廳技(ji)術鑒定(ding)，整體技(ji)術水平(ping)達“國際(ji)(ji)先進”；同年(nian)，公司起草(cao)并備案了(le)行(xing)業(ye)內(nei)唯一企(qi)業(ye)標(biao)準——《干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載》。此次展會(hui)，將為(wei)公司提(ti)供一個(ge)良(liang)好的(de)推廣平(ping)臺。
推車啟動充電機方法及原理
在(zai)筆者(zhe)還是(shi)新手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)次尷(gan)尬的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷至今讓我記(ji)憶猶新。那時(shi)我拿本的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)不長，對(dui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)解也(ye)(ye)比較有(you)(you)(you)限。有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)回開著(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)(lao)斯柯達弗雷(lei)西亞出門辦事(shi)，當時(shi)正值夏天，一(yi)(yi)路開著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)調。在(zai)出城(cheng)以前的(de)(de)(de)路上(shang)，停車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)怠速(su)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)看(kan)(kan)見儀表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電瓶(ping)(ping)燈老(lao)(lao)(lao)亮，當時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)些納悶，但也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)太當回事(shi)。出城(cheng)以后(hou)一(yi)(yi)路高速(su)倒也(ye)(ye)無事(shi)，到達旅館以后(hou)天已經(jing)黑了(le)(le)(le)(le)。第二天早上(shang)起(qi)來一(yi)(yi)看(kan)(kan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，發現(xian)不對(dui)，好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)燈沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)，再進入車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)內一(yi)(yi)看(kan)(kan)，音響(xiang)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)。自(zi)覺(jue)慚愧的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)還暗暗慶幸(xing)別人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)看(kan)(kan)見，趕緊關(guan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)這些設備準備開車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)(yi)擰鑰匙(chi)門發現(xian)壞了(le)(le)(le)(le)，只(zhi)聽著(zhu)啟動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)響(xiang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)不再動(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。怎(zen)么回事(shi)？好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)子沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電了(le)(le)(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)(mei)辦法(fa)，只(zhi)好(hao)打電話回單位問(wen)(wen)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)怎(zen)么辦。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)解決問(wen)(wen)題，所有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)肯定(ding)是(shi)“老(lao)(lao)(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)聽就(jiu)(jiu)知(zhi)道：得了(le)(le)(le)(le)，肯定(ding)是(shi)電瓶(ping)(ping)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電了(le)(le)(le)(le)，這破車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調和(he)音響(xiang)都是(shi)后(hou)加(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)，加(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)調的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)換(huan)發電機(ji)(ji)，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)這個發電機(ji)(ji)本來就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)點問(wen)(wen)題，所以一(yi)(yi)開空(kong)(kong)調電瓶(ping)(ping)就(jiu)(jiu)會虧電。加(jia)(jia)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)宿(su)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)燈和(he)音響(xiang)，電瓶(ping)(ping)肯定(ding)是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)戲了(le)(le)(le)(le)。那怎(zen)么辦？老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)主意：找個車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)搭電試(shi)試(shi)。這背井離鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)哪找這車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)去？就(jiu)(jiu)算有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)愿意幫忙，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)搭線啊？這著(zhu)肯定(ding)不行。最后(hou)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)說(shuo)，還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)辦法(fa)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)找人(ren)幫你推，或許能推著(zhu)。于是(shi)我按照老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)，找了(le)(le)(le)(le)幾個保(bao)安幫忙，終于將車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)發動(dong)(dong)起(qi)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)……
這(zhe)(zhe)段經(jing)歷(li)讓(rang)我(wo)至今難(nan)忘，也徹底(di)讓(rang)我(wo)明(ming)白(bai)了(le)車(che)(che)(che)是可以推著的。那車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)推著的原(yuan)理(li)是什么呢(ni)(ni)？車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)到(dao)底(di)應(ying)該如何推著呢(ni)(ni)？隨著對汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)了(le)解的深入，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)原(yuan)理(li)也逐步清晰，現(xian)就(jiu)將這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)體會(hui)和理(li)解與(yu)大家分析，也對在這(zhe)(zhe)方面還(huan)不(bu)了(le)解的車(che)(che)(che)友一些(xie)幫(bang)助(zhu)。
我們(men)(men)知道汽(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的點(dian)火(huo)方式是依靠火(huo)花塞的高(gao)壓(ya)放(fang)點(dian)產生(sheng)的電弧(hu)引(yin)燃汽(qi)(qi)油(you)的，而柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)則沒有點(dian)火(huo)系統，完全(quan)依靠其發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的高(gao)壓(ya)縮比使柴油(you)處于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態，自(zi)(zi)行燃燒的。由此，現在人們(men)(men)總是根據這(zhe)個緣由對汽(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的啟動(dong)(dong)產生(sheng)了誤解(jie)，會自(zi)(zi)然(ran)而然(ran)地認為汽(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)是不能靠外(wai)力推動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)來(lai)使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)運轉(zhuan)的，只(zhi)有柴油(you)機(ji)可(ke)以通過外(wai)力推動(dong)(dong)可(ke)以運轉(zhuan)。其實這(zhe)種看(kan)法(fa)并不完全(quan)正(zheng)確，那么汽(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)到底能不能像柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)那樣靠推動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛(liang)使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)化油(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)油(you)(you)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴(pen)油(you)(you)供(gong)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，在我(wo)們進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)車(che)(che)輛將(jiang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)插(cha)入(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)孔(kong)后(hou)(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)時(shi)(shi)，第(di)一(yi)檔都是(shi)(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)(pan)解(jie)鎖，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)(pan)才(cai)可以轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。其后(hou)(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)至(zhi)第(di)二擋(dang)，其作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，這時(shi)(shi)我(wo)們可以明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤(pan)(pan)上看到(dao)各種指示(shi)(shi)燈點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)指示(shi)(shi)燈、冷卻(que)液指示(shi)(shi)燈、制動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)指示(shi)(shi)燈等，這意味著(zhu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路處于(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀(zhuang)態，接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)(le)ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)其在得到(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)后(hou)(hou)可以正常進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)態，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)火花塞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路也是(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們知道此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，由于(yu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒有運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，給(gei)整車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后(hou)(hou)當(dang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)繼續向(xiang)下(xia)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)(le)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)后(hou)(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)和(he)飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)相嚙(nie)(nie)合(he)，飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)下(xia)開(kai)始(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)活(huo)塞運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一(yi)個氣缸進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)到(dao)壓(ya)縮沖程(cheng)(cheng)末端時(shi)(shi)，曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)位置傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)收到(dao)信(xin)號(hao)，傳(chuan)遞給(gei)ECU，在ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制下(xia)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)氣缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞進(jin)(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃(ran)混合(he)氣，進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)做功沖程(cheng)(cheng)。至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)始(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)態，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)也就結(jie)束(shu)了(le)(le)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)下(xia)開(kai)始(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為全(quan)車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)也回(hui)到(dao)了(le)(le)第(di)二擋(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，維持全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)，使(shi)ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)能(neng)正常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)報警燈、冷卻(que)液指示(shi)(shi)燈等都將(jiang)熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)也將(jiang)和(he)飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)脫離嚙(nie)(nie)合(he)，以保護(hu)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)。
我(wo)們說人們普遍(bian)認為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能推著的(de)(de)，這種說法有(you)(you)其(qi)依(yi)據，但(dan)又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)完全(quan)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)。我(wo)們知道對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說，尤其(qi)是(shi)現在車(che)(che)輛中采用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說，其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)要依(yi)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花進行(xing)點(dian)(dian)火，依(yi)靠(kao)各個(ge)傳感器傳給(gei)ECU的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)和噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)。從上面(mian)對整個(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)難(nan)看出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說是(shi)必不(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)，一旦失去了電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)(wu)(wu)法點(dian)(dian)火，不(bu)(bu)能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)。尤其(qi)是(shi)在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)損壞沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸(shu)出，全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路無(wu)(wu)(wu)法接通，主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器無(wu)(wu)(wu)法接通，ECU和各傳感器不(bu)(bu)能接通無(wu)(wu)(wu)法工(gong)作(zuo)，而由于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路中沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)能使起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)，這時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)又(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)運轉，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)能進入工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)，進而無(wu)(wu)(wu)法啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，上面(mian)的(de)(de)說法還(huan)是(shi)有(you)(you)其(qi)道理的(de)(de)。但(dan)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)，僅因為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)可(ke)以依(yi)靠(kao)外力推著，這又(you)(you)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)什么呢？
我們在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺(tai)電(dian)瓶電(dian)量不(bu)足的(de)(de)電(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)汽車時(shi)，只(zhi)要接通(tong)了全車電(dian)路，接通(tong)主繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)推的(de)(de)方(fang)法使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。從上(shang)面所說的(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)原理看，其(qi)原因在(zai)于當全車電(dian)路及(ji)主繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接通(tong)后，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)ECU和(he)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)也處于接通(tong)狀(zhuang)態，能正常工作，火(huo)花(hua)塞電(dian)路也被接通(tong)，此(ci)時(shi)只(zhi)要曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通(tong)過皮帶輪與曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相連的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)便開始轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便能為全車進行(xing)(xing)供(gong)電(dian)，當傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)檢測(ce)到曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，便開始給(gei)ECU信(xin)號，在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴油器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)磁閥(fa)在(zai)指定氣缸內噴油，火(huo)花(hua)塞進行(xing)(xing)放電(dian)，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)實(shi)現了發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)過程實(shi)際上(shang)與起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)過程類似，只(zhi)是這(zhe)種方(fang)法避開了刺(ci)激繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)，由外力推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車向前(qian)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)取代(dai)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。
至(zhi)此，我們了解到對于一(yi)臺汽油機(ji)(ji)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的汽車來說，只(zhi)要(yao)全(quan)(quan)車電路能(neng)接通，ECU和傳感器能(neng)工作，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)被(bei)推著(zhu)。要(yao)知(zhi)道，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)被(bei)帶動(dong)(dong)以(yi)(yi)后，發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)也會同(tong)時產生電能(neng)，而火花塞點火是瞬間(jian)點火，它(ta)需要(yao)的電能(neng)其實并不大，因此只(zhi)要(yao)發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)沒損壞，即使(shi)電瓶(ping)完全(quan)(quan)沒有點，車輛也是可(ke)以(yi)(yi)推著(zhu)的。
我們在(zai)推著發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)(yao)注意些什么(me)呢？首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)(yao)想推著一(yi)臺(tai)電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)，要(yao)(yao)先(xian)確定其變(bian)(bian)速(su)箱是手動(dong)變(bian)(bian)速(su)箱，這是極為重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)點，對于配備自(zi)動(dong)變(bian)(bian)速(su)箱的(de)(de)(de)汽油電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)來(lai)說，由于自(zi)動(dong)變(bian)(bian)速(su)箱的(de)(de)(de)結構特性，無論采(cai)取(qu)什么(me)辦法都是無法將(jiang)其推著的(de)(de)(de)。其次，要(yao)(yao)推著一(yi)部汽車也要(yao)(yao)先(xian)確定發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)必須(xu)是可以發(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，否(fou)則即使靠電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)殘余電(dian)能點火(huo)(huo)成功，運轉的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)馬上又會將(jiang)電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)重歸熄火(huo)(huo)。
具(ju)備這(zhe)些條件才可采(cai)用推的(de)方(fang)法應急啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在(zai)推之(zhi)前，首先將(jiang)鑰匙(chi)門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全車電(dian)(dian)路接通，ECU和傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)進(jin)入工作狀態(tai)時，掛入前進(jin)檔(dang)(dang)后(hou)，踩住(zhu)離合器(qi)踏(ta)板不(bu)能松開，這(zhe)時將(jiang)車推動(dong)(dong)(dong)一定(ding)速度(du)后(hou)，松開離合器(qi)踏(ta)板，讓車輪(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)樣通過上(shang)面我們(men)介紹的(de)過程(cheng)，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可以(yi)正常運轉(zhuan)了，同時發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)也開始(shi)為電(dian)(dian)瓶進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)了。需(xu)要主意(yi)的(de)是(shi)，我們(men)推車之(zhi)前掛入的(de)前進(jin)擋(dang)應該是(shi)2檔(dang)(dang)或(huo)3檔(dang)(dang)。之(zhi)所以(yi)不(bu)能采(cai)用1檔(dang)(dang)進(jin)行推車，原因是(shi)由于(yu)1檔(dang)(dang)的(de)扭矩(ju)較大，其(qi)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式是(shi)大齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式，齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比較大，而在(zai)1檔(dang)(dang)推車時，則與(yu)正常行駛狀態(tai)相(xiang)反，是(shi)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)，從(cong)杠桿原理上(shang)講，小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)運轉(zhuan)阻力是(shi)相(xiang)當(dang)大的(de)，所以(yi)我們(men)推是(shi)極為困(kun)難的(de)。而采(cai)用2檔(dang)(dang)或(huo)3檔(dang)(dang)推車時，其(qi)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比較小(xiao)，推車更(geng)為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海(hai)施能電器設備有限公司始(shi)建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大功率高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組智能(neng)(neng)交流/直流負(fu)載(zai)(zai)是公(gong)(gong)司近兩年推出的(de)(de)重點產品(pin)，主要(yao)用于(yu)中高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)日常檢測及維護。該負(fu)載(zai)(zai)融(rong)合了(le)公(gong)(gong)司最先進的(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)技術，將(jiang)集“常規負(fu)載(zai)(zai)柜”與“降(jiang)(jiang)壓變壓器”所有(you)功能(neng)(neng)于(yu)一體(ti)，直接接入高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組，既可以完成中高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)靜態、整定(ding)、波動、突加(jia)、突卸、諧波分(fen)析等重要(yao)測試，使(shi)用方便，極大降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了(le)用戶資金(jin)投入。日前，該設(she)備(bei)已(yi)廣泛應用于(yu)全球范圍內的(de)(de)數據中心、應急/后備(bei)電(dian)源、通(tong)訊、電(dian)力、軍隊(dui)、航(hang)天、科(ke)研院所、船舶、海洋平臺、鐵(tie)路、油田、工(gong)礦、金(jin)融(rong)、高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)等領域(yu)。
作為(wei)國內(nei)起步較(jiao)早的(de)數據中(zhong)心應急/后備電源檢測設(she)備研(yan)發、生產廠(chang)家(jia)，北京(jing)玉新連城有限公司一直走在行(xing)業(ye)前列(lie)。2009年(nian)，公司自主研(yan)發制造的(de)“大功率(lv)干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載柜(ju)”榮獲中(zhong)國國際(ji)(ji)專(zhuan)利與品牌博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎；2010年(nian)，大功率(lv)干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載柜(ju)順利通(tong)過河(he)北省科技(ji)廳技(ji)術鑒定(ding)，整體技(ji)術水平(ping)達“國際(ji)(ji)先進”；同年(nian)，公司起草(cao)并備案了(le)行(xing)業(ye)內(nei)唯一企(qi)業(ye)標(biao)準——《干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載》。此次展會(hui)，將為(wei)公司提(ti)供一個(ge)良(liang)好的(de)推廣平(ping)臺。
推車啟動充電機方法及原理
在(zai)筆者(zhe)還是(shi)新手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)次尷(gan)尬的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷至今讓我記(ji)憶猶新。那時(shi)我拿本的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)不長，對(dui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)解也(ye)(ye)比較有(you)(you)(you)限。有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)回開著(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)(lao)斯柯達弗雷(lei)西亞出門辦事(shi)，當時(shi)正值夏天，一(yi)(yi)路開著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)調。在(zai)出城(cheng)以前的(de)(de)(de)路上(shang)，停車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)怠速(su)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)看(kan)(kan)見儀表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電瓶(ping)(ping)燈老(lao)(lao)(lao)亮，當時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)些納悶，但也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)太當回事(shi)。出城(cheng)以后(hou)一(yi)(yi)路高速(su)倒也(ye)(ye)無事(shi)，到達旅館以后(hou)天已經(jing)黑了(le)(le)(le)(le)。第二天早上(shang)起(qi)來一(yi)(yi)看(kan)(kan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，發現(xian)不對(dui)，好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)燈沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)，再進入車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)內一(yi)(yi)看(kan)(kan)，音響(xiang)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)。自(zi)覺(jue)慚愧的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)還暗暗慶幸(xing)別人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)看(kan)(kan)見，趕緊關(guan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)這些設備準備開車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)(yi)擰鑰匙(chi)門發現(xian)壞了(le)(le)(le)(le)，只(zhi)聽著(zhu)啟動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)響(xiang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)不再動(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。怎(zen)么回事(shi)？好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)子沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電了(le)(le)(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)(mei)辦法(fa)，只(zhi)好(hao)打電話回單位問(wen)(wen)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)怎(zen)么辦。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)解決問(wen)(wen)題，所有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)肯定(ding)是(shi)“老(lao)(lao)(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)聽就(jiu)(jiu)知(zhi)道：得了(le)(le)(le)(le)，肯定(ding)是(shi)電瓶(ping)(ping)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電了(le)(le)(le)(le)，這破車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調和(he)音響(xiang)都是(shi)后(hou)加(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)，加(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)調的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)換(huan)發電機(ji)(ji)，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)這個發電機(ji)(ji)本來就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)點問(wen)(wen)題，所以一(yi)(yi)開空(kong)(kong)調電瓶(ping)(ping)就(jiu)(jiu)會虧電。加(jia)(jia)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)宿(su)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)燈和(he)音響(xiang)，電瓶(ping)(ping)肯定(ding)是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)戲了(le)(le)(le)(le)。那怎(zen)么辦？老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)主意：找個車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)搭電試(shi)試(shi)。這背井離鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)哪找這車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)去？就(jiu)(jiu)算有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)愿意幫忙，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)搭線啊？這著(zhu)肯定(ding)不行。最后(hou)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)說(shuo)，還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)辦法(fa)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)找人(ren)幫你推，或許能推著(zhu)。于是(shi)我按照老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)，找了(le)(le)(le)(le)幾個保(bao)安幫忙，終于將車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)發動(dong)(dong)起(qi)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)……
這(zhe)(zhe)段經(jing)歷(li)讓(rang)我(wo)至今難(nan)忘，也徹底(di)讓(rang)我(wo)明(ming)白(bai)了(le)車(che)(che)(che)是可以推著的。那車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)推著的原(yuan)理(li)是什么呢(ni)(ni)？車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)到(dao)底(di)應(ying)該如何推著呢(ni)(ni)？隨著對汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)了(le)解的深入，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)原(yuan)理(li)也逐步清晰，現(xian)就(jiu)將這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)體會(hui)和理(li)解與(yu)大家分析，也對在這(zhe)(zhe)方面還(huan)不(bu)了(le)解的車(che)(che)(che)友一些(xie)幫(bang)助(zhu)。
我們(men)(men)知道汽(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的點(dian)火(huo)方式是依靠火(huo)花塞的高(gao)壓(ya)放(fang)點(dian)產生(sheng)的電弧(hu)引(yin)燃汽(qi)(qi)油(you)的，而柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)則沒有點(dian)火(huo)系統，完全(quan)依靠其發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的高(gao)壓(ya)縮比使柴油(you)處于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態，自(zi)(zi)行燃燒的。由此，現在人們(men)(men)總是根據這(zhe)個緣由對汽(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的啟動(dong)(dong)產生(sheng)了誤解(jie)，會自(zi)(zi)然(ran)而然(ran)地認為汽(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)是不能靠外(wai)力推動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)來(lai)使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)運轉(zhuan)的，只(zhi)有柴油(you)機(ji)可(ke)以通過外(wai)力推動(dong)(dong)可(ke)以運轉(zhuan)。其實這(zhe)種看(kan)法(fa)并不完全(quan)正(zheng)確，那么汽(qi)(qi)油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)到底能不能像柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)那樣靠推動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛(liang)使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)化油(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)油(you)(you)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴(pen)油(you)(you)供(gong)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，在我(wo)們進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)車(che)(che)輛將(jiang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)插(cha)入(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)孔(kong)后(hou)(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)時(shi)(shi)，第(di)一(yi)檔都是(shi)(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)(pan)解(jie)鎖，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)(pan)才(cai)可以轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。其后(hou)(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)至(zhi)第(di)二擋(dang)，其作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，這時(shi)(shi)我(wo)們可以明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤(pan)(pan)上看到(dao)各種指示(shi)(shi)燈點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)指示(shi)(shi)燈、冷卻(que)液指示(shi)(shi)燈、制動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)指示(shi)(shi)燈等，這意味著(zhu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路處于(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀(zhuang)態，接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)(le)ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)其在得到(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)后(hou)(hou)可以正常進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)態，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)火花塞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路也是(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們知道此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，由于(yu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒有運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，給(gei)整車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后(hou)(hou)當(dang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)繼續向(xiang)下(xia)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)(le)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)后(hou)(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)和(he)飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)相嚙(nie)(nie)合(he)，飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)下(xia)開(kai)始(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)活(huo)塞運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一(yi)個氣缸進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)到(dao)壓(ya)縮沖程(cheng)(cheng)末端時(shi)(shi)，曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)位置傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)收到(dao)信(xin)號(hao)，傳(chuan)遞給(gei)ECU，在ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制下(xia)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)氣缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞進(jin)(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃(ran)混合(he)氣，進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)做功沖程(cheng)(cheng)。至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)始(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)態，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)也就結(jie)束(shu)了(le)(le)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)下(xia)開(kai)始(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為全(quan)車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)也回(hui)到(dao)了(le)(le)第(di)二擋(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，維持全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)，使(shi)ECU和(he)各傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)能(neng)正常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)報警燈、冷卻(que)液指示(shi)(shi)燈等都將(jiang)熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)也將(jiang)和(he)飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)脫離嚙(nie)(nie)合(he)，以保護(hu)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)。
我(wo)們說人們普遍(bian)認為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能推著的(de)(de)，這種說法有(you)(you)其(qi)依(yi)據，但(dan)又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)完全(quan)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)。我(wo)們知道對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說，尤其(qi)是(shi)現在車(che)(che)輛中采用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說，其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)要依(yi)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花進行(xing)點(dian)(dian)火，依(yi)靠(kao)各個(ge)傳感器傳給(gei)ECU的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)和噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)。從上面(mian)對整個(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)難(nan)看出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說是(shi)必不(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)，一旦失去了電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)(wu)(wu)法點(dian)(dian)火，不(bu)(bu)能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)。尤其(qi)是(shi)在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)損壞沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸(shu)出，全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路無(wu)(wu)(wu)法接通，主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器無(wu)(wu)(wu)法接通，ECU和各傳感器不(bu)(bu)能接通無(wu)(wu)(wu)法工(gong)作(zuo)，而由于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路中沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)能使起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)，這時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)又(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)運轉，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)能進入工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)，進而無(wu)(wu)(wu)法啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，上面(mian)的(de)(de)說法還(huan)是(shi)有(you)(you)其(qi)道理的(de)(de)。但(dan)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)，僅因為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)可(ke)以依(yi)靠(kao)外力推著，這又(you)(you)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)什么呢？
我們在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺(tai)電(dian)瓶電(dian)量不(bu)足的(de)(de)電(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)汽車時(shi)，只(zhi)要接通(tong)了全車電(dian)路，接通(tong)主繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)推的(de)(de)方(fang)法使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。從上(shang)面所說的(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)原理看，其(qi)原因在(zai)于當全車電(dian)路及(ji)主繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接通(tong)后，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)ECU和(he)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)也處于接通(tong)狀(zhuang)態，能正常工作，火(huo)花(hua)塞電(dian)路也被接通(tong)，此(ci)時(shi)只(zhi)要曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通(tong)過皮帶輪與曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相連的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)便開始轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便能為全車進行(xing)(xing)供(gong)電(dian)，當傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)檢測(ce)到曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，便開始給(gei)ECU信(xin)號，在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴油器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)磁閥(fa)在(zai)指定氣缸內噴油，火(huo)花(hua)塞進行(xing)(xing)放電(dian)，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)實(shi)現了發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)過程實(shi)際上(shang)與起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)過程類似，只(zhi)是這(zhe)種方(fang)法避開了刺(ci)激繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)，由外力推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車向前(qian)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)取代(dai)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。
至(zhi)此，我們了解到對于一(yi)臺汽油機(ji)(ji)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的汽車來說，只(zhi)要(yao)全(quan)(quan)車電路能(neng)接通，ECU和傳感器能(neng)工作，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)被(bei)推著(zhu)。要(yao)知(zhi)道，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)被(bei)帶動(dong)(dong)以(yi)(yi)后，發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)也會同(tong)時產生電能(neng)，而火花塞點火是瞬間(jian)點火，它(ta)需要(yao)的電能(neng)其實并不大，因此只(zhi)要(yao)發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)沒損壞，即使(shi)電瓶(ping)完全(quan)(quan)沒有點，車輛也是可(ke)以(yi)(yi)推著(zhu)的。
我們在(zai)推著發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)(yao)注意些什么(me)呢？首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)(yao)想推著一(yi)臺(tai)電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)，要(yao)(yao)先(xian)確定其變(bian)(bian)速(su)箱是手動(dong)變(bian)(bian)速(su)箱，這是極為重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)點，對于配備自(zi)動(dong)變(bian)(bian)速(su)箱的(de)(de)(de)汽油電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)來(lai)說，由于自(zi)動(dong)變(bian)(bian)速(su)箱的(de)(de)(de)結構特性，無論采(cai)取(qu)什么(me)辦法都是無法將(jiang)其推著的(de)(de)(de)。其次，要(yao)(yao)推著一(yi)部汽車也要(yao)(yao)先(xian)確定發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)必須(xu)是可以發(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，否(fou)則即使靠電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)殘余電(dian)能點火(huo)(huo)成功，運轉的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)馬上又會將(jiang)電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)重歸熄火(huo)(huo)。
具(ju)備這(zhe)些條件才可采(cai)用推的(de)方(fang)法應急啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在(zai)推之(zhi)前，首先將(jiang)鑰匙(chi)門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全車電(dian)(dian)路接通，ECU和傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)進(jin)入工作狀態(tai)時，掛入前進(jin)檔(dang)(dang)后(hou)，踩住(zhu)離合器(qi)踏(ta)板不(bu)能松開，這(zhe)時將(jiang)車推動(dong)(dong)(dong)一定(ding)速度(du)后(hou)，松開離合器(qi)踏(ta)板，讓車輪(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)樣通過上(shang)面我們(men)介紹的(de)過程(cheng)，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可以(yi)正常運轉(zhuan)了，同時發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)也開始(shi)為電(dian)(dian)瓶進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)了。需(xu)要主意(yi)的(de)是(shi)，我們(men)推車之(zhi)前掛入的(de)前進(jin)擋(dang)應該是(shi)2檔(dang)(dang)或(huo)3檔(dang)(dang)。之(zhi)所以(yi)不(bu)能采(cai)用1檔(dang)(dang)進(jin)行推車，原因是(shi)由于(yu)1檔(dang)(dang)的(de)扭矩(ju)較大，其(qi)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式是(shi)大齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式，齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比較大，而在(zai)1檔(dang)(dang)推車時，則與(yu)正常行駛狀態(tai)相(xiang)反，是(shi)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)，從(cong)杠桿原理上(shang)講，小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)運轉(zhuan)阻力是(shi)相(xiang)當(dang)大的(de)，所以(yi)我們(men)推是(shi)極為困(kun)難的(de)。而采(cai)用2檔(dang)(dang)或(huo)3檔(dang)(dang)推車時，其(qi)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比較小(xiao)，推車更(geng)為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海(hai)施能電器設備有限公司始(shi)建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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