大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中(zhong)國國際數據(ju)中(zhong)心技術設備展覽(lan)(lan)將于(yu)4月8-10日在上海新國際博覽(lan)(lan)中(zhong)心召(zhao)開(kai)，在亞洲最大的展館舉辦(ban)及國際展覽(lan)(lan)公(gong)司加盟將會使2014中(zhong)國國際數據(ju)中(zhong)心技術設備展覽(lan)(lan)會更精彩。
大功(gong)(gong)率高壓(ya)發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)智(zhi)能(neng)交(jiao)流/直(zhi)流負(fu)載是公司(si)近兩年推(tui)出的重(zhong)點產(chan)品，主要用于中高壓(ya)發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的日(ri)常檢(jian)測及維護(hu)。該負(fu)載融(rong)合了(le)公司(si)最先進的負(fu)載技術，將集“常規負(fu)載柜”與“降壓(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)器”所有(you)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)于一體，直(zhi)接接入高壓(ya)發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)，既可以完成中高壓(ya)發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的靜態(tai)、整定、波動(dong)、突加、突卸、諧波分析等重(zhong)要測試，使用方便，極大降低了(le)用戶資金(jin)(jin)投(tou)入。日(ri)前，該設備已廣泛應用于全(quan)球范圍(wei)內的數據中心(xin)、應急/后備電源、通訊、電力、軍隊、航天(tian)、科(ke)研院所、船舶、海洋(yang)平臺(tai)、鐵路、油(you)田(tian)、工礦、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)、高校等領域。
作為國(guo)(guo)內(nei)起(qi)步(bu)較早的數據中心應急/后備電源檢測設備研發(fa)、生產廠家，北京玉新連城(cheng)有限公(gong)司一直走(zou)在行(xing)業(ye)前列。2009年(nian)，公(gong)司自主研發(fa)制造的“大(da)功(gong)率(lv)干式(shi)交流負(fu)載柜”榮獲(huo)中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際專(zhuan)利與品牌博覽會金(jin)獎；2010年(nian)，大(da)功(gong)率(lv)干式(shi)交流負(fu)載柜順利通過河北省科技廳技術(shu)(shu)鑒定，整體(ti)技術(shu)(shu)水平達(da)“國(guo)(guo)際先進”；同年(nian)，公(gong)司起(qi)草(cao)并備案了行(xing)業(ye)內(nei)唯一企業(ye)標準——《干式(shi)交流負(fu)載》。此次(ci)展會，將為公(gong)司提供一個良好的推廣平臺(tai)。
推(tui)車(che)啟(qi)動充電(dian)機方法(fa)及原(yuan)理
在筆者(zhe)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)手的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，有(you)一(yi)次尷尬的(de)經歷至(zhi)今(jin)讓我記憶猶新(xin)。那時(shi)我拿本(ben)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)長(chang)，對車(che)(che)的(de)了(le)(le)解(jie)也(ye)(ye)比(bi)較有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)回開著(zhu)(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)斯柯達弗(fu)雷西(xi)亞出門(men)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)，當時(shi)正值夏天(tian)，一(yi)路開著(zhu)(zhu)空調。在出城(cheng)以前的(de)路上(shang)，停車(che)(che)怠速(su)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)就(jiu)看(kan)見儀表(biao)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)燈(deng)老(lao)(lao)亮，當時(shi)有(you)些納悶，但(dan)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)太(tai)當回事(shi)。出城(cheng)以后(hou)一(yi)路高速(su)倒也(ye)(ye)無事(shi)，到達旅館以后(hou)天(tian)已經黑了(le)(le)。第二天(tian)早上(shang)起來一(yi)看(kan)車(che)(che)，發(fa)現不(bu)對，好(hao)(hao)像(xiang)車(che)(che)燈(deng)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)(guan)，再(zai)進入車(che)(che)內一(yi)看(kan)，音響也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)(guan)。自覺慚愧的(de)同時(shi)還(huan)(huan)暗(an)暗(an)慶(qing)幸別人沒(mei)(mei)(mei)看(kan)見，趕緊關(guan)(guan)了(le)(le)這些設備(bei)準備(bei)開車(che)(che)走人。一(yi)擰鑰匙門(men)發(fa)現壞了(le)(le)，只聽(ting)著(zhu)(zhu)啟(qi)動機(ji)(ji)響了(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)不(bu)再(zai)動了(le)(le)。怎(zen)么(me)回事(shi)？好(hao)(hao)像(xiang)車(che)(che)子(zi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)(mei)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)，只好(hao)(hao)打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)回單位問老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)(ban)。為了(le)(le)解(jie)決問題，所有(you)的(de)情況(kuang)肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)“老(lao)(lao)實(shi)交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)聽(ting)就(jiu)知道：得(de)了(le)(le)，肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，這破車(che)(che)的(de)空調和音響都(dou)是(shi)(shi)后(hou)加(jia)(jia)的(de)，加(jia)(jia)空調的(de)時(shi)候(hou)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)這個(ge)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)本(ben)來就(jiu)有(you)點問題，所以一(yi)開空調電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)就(jiu)會虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)。加(jia)(jia)上(shang)一(yi)宿的(de)車(che)(che)燈(deng)和音響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)戲(xi)了(le)(le)。那怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)(ban)？老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)出了(le)(le)主意：找(zhao)個(ge)車(che)(che)搭電(dian)(dian)(dian)試試。這背井離鄉的(de)，上(shang)哪找(zhao)這車(che)(che)去？就(jiu)算有(you)人愿意幫忙，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)搭線(xian)啊(a)？這著(zhu)(zhu)肯定(ding)不(bu)行。最(zui)后(hou)老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)說，還(huan)(huan)有(you)一(yi)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)找(zhao)人幫你推，或(huo)許(xu)能推著(zhu)(zhu)。于是(shi)(shi)我按照老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)的(de)說法(fa)，找(zhao)了(le)(le)幾個(ge)保安(an)幫忙，終(zhong)于將(jiang)車(che)(che)發(fa)動起來了(le)(le)……
這段經(jing)歷讓我至今難忘(wang)，也徹底讓我明白(bai)了(le)(le)車(che)(che)是(shi)可以推(tui)著的(de)。那車(che)(che)輛推(tui)著的(de)原理是(shi)什(shen)么呢(ni)？車(che)(che)輛到底應(ying)該如何(he)推(tui)著呢(ni)？隨著對汽車(che)(che)了(le)(le)解的(de)深(shen)入，這些(xie)原理也逐步清(qing)晰，現就(jiu)將這些(xie)體會和理解與(yu)大家分析，也對在這方面還不了(le)(le)解的(de)車(che)(che)友一些(xie)幫助。
我們知道(dao)汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的點(dian)火方(fang)式是(shi)依靠(kao)火花塞的高(gao)壓放(fang)點(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的電弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)油(you)的，而(er)柴油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)則沒有點(dian)火系統，完全(quan)依靠(kao)其(qi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的高(gao)壓縮比使(shi)柴油(you)處于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓狀態，自行燃(ran)燒(shao)的。由此，現(xian)在人們總是(shi)根據這(zhe)個緣由對汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的啟動(dong)產(chan)生(sheng)了誤解，會自然而(er)然地認為汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不能靠(kao)外力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)來使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉的，只有柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可以通過外力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)可以運轉。其(qi)實這(zhe)種(zhong)看(kan)法并不完全(quan)正(zheng)確，那么汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)底能不能像(xiang)柴油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)那樣靠(kao)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)車(che)輛使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)無論是(shi)化油(you)(you)器供油(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)(you)供油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)我們(men)進(jin)入(ru)車(che)(che)輛將鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔后(hou)(hou)(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)，第(di)一(yi)檔都(dou)是(shi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)盤解鎖，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)盤才可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。其(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至第(di)二擋，其(qi)作用是(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通主(zhu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，這時(shi)(shi)我們(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表(biao)盤上看(kan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)各(ge)種指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)油(you)(you)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻(que)液(ye)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)等，這意(yi)味(wei)著此(ci)時(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處于接(jie)通狀(zhuang)態，接(jie)通了ECU和(he)各(ge)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其(qi)在(zai)(zai)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)正常進(jin)入(ru)工作狀(zhuang)態，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)火花塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是(shi)接(jie)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)知道此(ci)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)(xia)，由(you)于發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)并沒有(you)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，因此(ci)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)沒有(you)工作，給整車(che)(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不是(shi)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)而(er)是(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后(hou)(hou)(hou)當鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)通了啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，它是(shi)控制(zhi)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通后(hou)(hou)(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)齒輪(lun)和(he)飛輪(lun)相嚙合(he)，飛輪(lun)在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)開始(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，進(jin)而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)曲軸和(he)活塞(sai)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，當一(yi)個(ge)氣(qi)缸(gang)進(jin)入(ru)到(dao)(dao)(dao)壓縮沖程(cheng)(cheng)末(mo)端(duan)時(shi)(shi)，曲軸位(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器接(jie)收到(dao)(dao)(dao)信(xin)號(hao)，傳(chuan)遞給ECU，在(zai)(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，此(ci)氣(qi)缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞(sai)進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混合(he)氣(qi)，進(jin)入(ru)做(zuo)功沖程(cheng)(cheng)。至此(ci)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)開始(shi)進(jin)入(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)態，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)也就結束了，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)在(zai)(zai)曲軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)開始(shi)工作，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為全(quan)車(che)(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也回到(dao)(dao)(dao)了第(di)二擋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)，維持全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)通，使ECU和(he)各(ge)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器能正常工作，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)機(ji)油(you)(you)報(bao)警燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻(que)液(ye)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)等都(dou)將熄滅(mie)，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)也將和(he)飛輪(lun)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)脫離嚙合(he)，以(yi)(yi)保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)。
我們(men)說(shuo)(shuo)人(ren)們(men)普遍(bian)認為(wei)的(de)(de)汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)能推(tui)著的(de)(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有其依據，但(dan)又不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)完全正確的(de)(de)。我們(men)知道對(dui)于汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，尤其是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)車(che)(che)輛(liang)中采用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，其發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)(shi)要依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花進行點火(huo)，依靠各(ge)個傳感器傳給ECU的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制噴油(you)和噴油(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)。從上面對(dui)整個發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)過(guo)程的(de)(de)簡述(shu)也不(bu)(bu)難看出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)于汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)可少的(de)(de)，一旦失去了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)將無法(fa)(fa)點火(huo)，不(bu)(bu)能正常工(gong)作。尤其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損壞沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸(shu)出，全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路無法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器無法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和各(ge)傳感器不(bu)(bu)能接(jie)通(tong)無法(fa)(fa)工(gong)作，而(er)由于供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路中沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)能使起動(dong)機(ji)工(gong)作，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)又沒有運轉(zhuan)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)也不(bu)(bu)能進入工(gong)作狀態，進而(er)無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)。從這(zhe)方面來(lai)看，上面的(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)(shi)有其道理的(de)(de)。但(dan)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能正常工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)，僅因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)起動(dong)機(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)可以依靠外力推(tui)著，這(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)為(wei)什么(me)呢？
我們在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機汽車(che)(che)時，只要(yao)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，可以采用推的(de)(de)方(fang)法使發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機運轉(zhuan)。從上(shang)面所說的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)看，其原(yuan)因在(zai)(zai)于當全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路及主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)ECU和傳感器也(ye)(ye)處于接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，能正(zheng)常工作，火花塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)路也(ye)(ye)被接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，此(ci)時只要(yao)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過皮(pi)帶輪(lun)與曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)相連的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機便開(kai)始(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，即刻便能為全(quan)車(che)(che)進行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當傳感器檢測到(dao)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)時，便開(kai)始(shi)給ECU信(xin)號(hao)，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控(kong)制噴(pen)油(you)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)(zai)指定(ding)氣缸內噴(pen)油(you)，火花塞進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)實(shi)現了(le)(le)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)。此(ci)過程實(shi)際上(shang)與起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機帶動(dong)(dong)飛輪(lun)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)過程類(lei)似(si)，只是這種方(fang)法避開(kai)了(le)(le)刺(ci)激繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器和起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，由外力推動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)向(xiang)前運動(dong)(dong)帶動(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)運轉(zhuan)取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機帶動(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)運轉(zhuan)。
至此，我們了解到對于一臺汽油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)汽車來說(shuo)，只要(yao)(yao)全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)路(lu)能(neng)(neng)接通，ECU和傳感器能(neng)(neng)工作，發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)就可(ke)以(yi)被(bei)推著。要(yao)(yao)知道，發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)被(bei)帶動以(yi)后，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)會同時(shi)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，而火花塞點火是瞬間(jian)點火，它需要(yao)(yao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)其實并(bing)不大，因(yin)此只要(yao)(yao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒(mei)損壞，即使(shi)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)完全(quan)沒(mei)有點，車輛也(ye)是可(ke)以(yi)推著的(de)。
我(wo)們在推(tui)著發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)(yao)注意些什(shen)么呢(ni)？首先要(yao)(yao)想推(tui)著一(yi)臺電(dian)噴發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛(liang)，要(yao)(yao)先確(que)定(ding)其變速箱(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)手動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)，這是(shi)極(ji)為重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)點(dian)，對于(yu)配備自(zi)動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)汽油電(dian)噴發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛(liang)來說，由于(yu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)結構特(te)性，無(wu)論(lun)采取什(shen)么辦法都(dou)是(shi)無(wu)法將(jiang)其推(tui)著的(de)(de)(de)。其次(ci)，要(yao)(yao)推(tui)著一(yi)部汽車(che)也要(yao)(yao)先確(que)定(ding)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)必(bi)須是(shi)可以發電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，否則即使(shi)靠電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)余電(dian)能(neng)點(dian)火成功，運轉的(de)(de)(de)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)馬上又會將(jiang)電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量消耗光，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)重(zhong)歸熄火。
具(ju)備這些條件才可采(cai)(cai)用推(tui)(tui)(tui)的方法應(ying)急啟動(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)機。在推(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)前(qian)，首先將鑰匙門擰到(dao)2擋(dang)，讓全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)電路接通，ECU和傳感器(qi)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態(tai)時(shi)，掛入(ru)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)檔(dang)后，踩(cai)住離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏板不能松開(kai)，這時(shi)將車(che)(che)(che)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)一定速度后，松開(kai)離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏板，讓車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)曲軸轉動(dong)(dong)，這樣通過上面我(wo)們介紹(shao)的過程，發動(dong)(dong)機就可以(yi)正常運(yun)轉了，同時(shi)發電機也開(kai)始(shi)為電瓶(ping)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)充(chong)電了。需要主意的是(shi)，我(wo)們推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)前(qian)掛入(ru)的前(qian)進(jin)(jin)擋(dang)應(ying)該是(shi)2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之(zhi)所以(yi)不能采(cai)(cai)用1檔(dang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)，原因(yin)是(shi)由于1檔(dang)的扭矩(ju)較大(da)(da)，其(qi)傳動(dong)(dong)方式是(shi)大(da)(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)比較大(da)(da)，而在1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)，則(ze)與正常行(xing)(xing)駛狀(zhuang)態(tai)相(xiang)反，是(shi)小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)，從杠桿原理上講，小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)運(yun)轉阻力(li)是(shi)相(xiang)當大(da)(da)的，所以(yi)我(wo)們推(tui)(tui)(tui)是(shi)極(ji)為困難的。而采(cai)(cai)用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)，其(qi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)比較小，推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)更(geng)為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能電器設(she)備有限公司始(shi)建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大功(gong)(gong)率高壓(ya)發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)智(zhi)能(neng)交(jiao)流/直(zhi)流負(fu)載是公司(si)近兩年推(tui)出的重(zhong)點產(chan)品，主要用于中高壓(ya)發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的日(ri)常檢(jian)測及維護(hu)。該負(fu)載融(rong)合了(le)公司(si)最先進的負(fu)載技術，將集“常規負(fu)載柜”與“降壓(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)器”所有(you)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)于一體，直(zhi)接接入高壓(ya)發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)，既可以完成中高壓(ya)發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的靜態(tai)、整定、波動(dong)、突加、突卸、諧波分析等重(zhong)要測試，使用方便，極大降低了(le)用戶資金(jin)(jin)投(tou)入。日(ri)前，該設備已廣泛應用于全(quan)球范圍(wei)內的數據中心(xin)、應急/后備電源、通訊、電力、軍隊、航天(tian)、科(ke)研院所、船舶、海洋(yang)平臺(tai)、鐵路、油(you)田(tian)、工礦、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)、高校等領域。
作為國(guo)(guo)內(nei)起(qi)步(bu)較早的數據中心應急/后備電源檢測設備研發(fa)、生產廠家，北京玉新連城(cheng)有限公(gong)司一直走(zou)在行(xing)業(ye)前列。2009年(nian)，公(gong)司自主研發(fa)制造的“大(da)功(gong)率(lv)干式(shi)交流負(fu)載柜”榮獲(huo)中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際專(zhuan)利與品牌博覽會金(jin)獎；2010年(nian)，大(da)功(gong)率(lv)干式(shi)交流負(fu)載柜順利通過河北省科技廳技術(shu)(shu)鑒定，整體(ti)技術(shu)(shu)水平達(da)“國(guo)(guo)際先進”；同年(nian)，公(gong)司起(qi)草(cao)并備案了行(xing)業(ye)內(nei)唯一企業(ye)標準——《干式(shi)交流負(fu)載》。此次(ci)展會，將為公(gong)司提供一個良好的推廣平臺(tai)。
推(tui)車(che)啟(qi)動充電(dian)機方法(fa)及原(yuan)理
在筆者(zhe)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)手的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，有(you)一(yi)次尷尬的(de)經歷至(zhi)今(jin)讓我記憶猶新(xin)。那時(shi)我拿本(ben)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)長(chang)，對車(che)(che)的(de)了(le)(le)解(jie)也(ye)(ye)比(bi)較有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)回開著(zhu)(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)斯柯達弗(fu)雷西(xi)亞出門(men)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)，當時(shi)正值夏天(tian)，一(yi)路開著(zhu)(zhu)空調。在出城(cheng)以前的(de)路上(shang)，停車(che)(che)怠速(su)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)就(jiu)看(kan)見儀表(biao)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)燈(deng)老(lao)(lao)亮，當時(shi)有(you)些納悶，但(dan)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)太(tai)當回事(shi)。出城(cheng)以后(hou)一(yi)路高速(su)倒也(ye)(ye)無事(shi)，到達旅館以后(hou)天(tian)已經黑了(le)(le)。第二天(tian)早上(shang)起來一(yi)看(kan)車(che)(che)，發(fa)現不(bu)對，好(hao)(hao)像(xiang)車(che)(che)燈(deng)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)(guan)，再(zai)進入車(che)(che)內一(yi)看(kan)，音響也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)關(guan)(guan)。自覺慚愧的(de)同時(shi)還(huan)(huan)暗(an)暗(an)慶(qing)幸別人沒(mei)(mei)(mei)看(kan)見，趕緊關(guan)(guan)了(le)(le)這些設備(bei)準備(bei)開車(che)(che)走人。一(yi)擰鑰匙門(men)發(fa)現壞了(le)(le)，只聽(ting)著(zhu)(zhu)啟(qi)動機(ji)(ji)響了(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)不(bu)再(zai)動了(le)(le)。怎(zen)么(me)回事(shi)？好(hao)(hao)像(xiang)車(che)(che)子(zi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)(mei)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)，只好(hao)(hao)打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)回單位問老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)(ban)。為了(le)(le)解(jie)決問題，所有(you)的(de)情況(kuang)肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)“老(lao)(lao)實(shi)交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)聽(ting)就(jiu)知道：得(de)了(le)(le)，肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，這破車(che)(che)的(de)空調和音響都(dou)是(shi)(shi)后(hou)加(jia)(jia)的(de)，加(jia)(jia)空調的(de)時(shi)候(hou)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)換發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)這個(ge)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)本(ben)來就(jiu)有(you)點問題，所以一(yi)開空調電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)就(jiu)會虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)。加(jia)(jia)上(shang)一(yi)宿的(de)車(che)(che)燈(deng)和音響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)戲(xi)了(le)(le)。那怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)(ban)？老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)出了(le)(le)主意：找(zhao)個(ge)車(che)(che)搭電(dian)(dian)(dian)試試。這背井離鄉的(de)，上(shang)哪找(zhao)這車(che)(che)去？就(jiu)算有(you)人愿意幫忙，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)搭線(xian)啊(a)？這著(zhu)(zhu)肯定(ding)不(bu)行。最(zui)后(hou)老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)說，還(huan)(huan)有(you)一(yi)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)找(zhao)人幫你推，或(huo)許(xu)能推著(zhu)(zhu)。于是(shi)(shi)我按照老(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)(ji)的(de)說法(fa)，找(zhao)了(le)(le)幾個(ge)保安(an)幫忙，終(zhong)于將(jiang)車(che)(che)發(fa)動起來了(le)(le)……
這段經(jing)歷讓我至今難忘(wang)，也徹底讓我明白(bai)了(le)(le)車(che)(che)是(shi)可以推(tui)著的(de)。那車(che)(che)輛推(tui)著的(de)原理是(shi)什(shen)么呢(ni)？車(che)(che)輛到底應(ying)該如何(he)推(tui)著呢(ni)？隨著對汽車(che)(che)了(le)(le)解的(de)深(shen)入，這些(xie)原理也逐步清(qing)晰，現就(jiu)將這些(xie)體會和理解與(yu)大家分析，也對在這方面還不了(le)(le)解的(de)車(che)(che)友一些(xie)幫助。
我們知道(dao)汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的點(dian)火方(fang)式是(shi)依靠(kao)火花塞的高(gao)壓放(fang)點(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的電弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)油(you)的，而(er)柴油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)則沒有點(dian)火系統，完全(quan)依靠(kao)其(qi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的高(gao)壓縮比使(shi)柴油(you)處于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓狀態，自行燃(ran)燒(shao)的。由此，現(xian)在人們總是(shi)根據這(zhe)個緣由對汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的啟動(dong)產(chan)生(sheng)了誤解，會自然而(er)然地認為汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不能靠(kao)外力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)來使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉的，只有柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可以通過外力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)可以運轉。其(qi)實這(zhe)種(zhong)看(kan)法并不完全(quan)正(zheng)確，那么汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)底能不能像(xiang)柴油(you)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)那樣靠(kao)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)車(che)輛使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)無論是(shi)化油(you)(you)器供油(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)(you)供油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)我們(men)進(jin)入(ru)車(che)(che)輛將鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔后(hou)(hou)(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)，第(di)一(yi)檔都(dou)是(shi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)盤解鎖，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)盤才可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。其(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至第(di)二擋，其(qi)作用是(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通主(zhu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，這時(shi)(shi)我們(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表(biao)盤上看(kan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)各(ge)種指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)油(you)(you)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻(que)液(ye)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)等，這意(yi)味(wei)著此(ci)時(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處于接(jie)通狀(zhuang)態，接(jie)通了ECU和(he)各(ge)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其(qi)在(zai)(zai)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)正常進(jin)入(ru)工作狀(zhuang)態，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)火花塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是(shi)接(jie)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)知道此(ci)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)(xia)，由(you)于發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)并沒有(you)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，因此(ci)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)沒有(you)工作，給整車(che)(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不是(shi)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)而(er)是(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶。最后(hou)(hou)(hou)當鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)通了啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，它是(shi)控制(zhi)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通后(hou)(hou)(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)齒輪(lun)和(he)飛輪(lun)相嚙合(he)，飛輪(lun)在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)開始(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，進(jin)而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)曲軸和(he)活塞(sai)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，當一(yi)個(ge)氣(qi)缸(gang)進(jin)入(ru)到(dao)(dao)(dao)壓縮沖程(cheng)(cheng)末(mo)端(duan)時(shi)(shi)，曲軸位(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器接(jie)收到(dao)(dao)(dao)信(xin)號(hao)，傳(chuan)遞給ECU，在(zai)(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，此(ci)氣(qi)缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞(sai)進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混合(he)氣(qi)，進(jin)入(ru)做(zuo)功沖程(cheng)(cheng)。至此(ci)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)開始(shi)進(jin)入(ru)怠速狀(zhuang)態，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)也就結束了，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)在(zai)(zai)曲軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)開始(shi)工作，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶為全(quan)車(che)(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也回到(dao)(dao)(dao)了第(di)二擋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)，維持全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)通，使ECU和(he)各(ge)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器能正常工作，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)機(ji)油(you)(you)報(bao)警燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻(que)液(ye)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)等都(dou)將熄滅(mie)，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)也將和(he)飛輪(lun)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)脫離嚙合(he)，以(yi)(yi)保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)。
我們(men)說(shuo)(shuo)人(ren)們(men)普遍(bian)認為(wei)的(de)(de)汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)能推(tui)著的(de)(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有其依據，但(dan)又不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)完全正確的(de)(de)。我們(men)知道對(dui)于汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，尤其是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)車(che)(che)輛(liang)中采用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，其發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)(shi)要依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花進行點火(huo)，依靠各(ge)個傳感器傳給ECU的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制噴油(you)和噴油(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)。從上面對(dui)整個發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)過(guo)程的(de)(de)簡述(shu)也不(bu)(bu)難看出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)于汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)可少的(de)(de)，一旦失去了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)將無法(fa)(fa)點火(huo)，不(bu)(bu)能正常工(gong)作。尤其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損壞沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)輸(shu)出，全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路無法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器無法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和各(ge)傳感器不(bu)(bu)能接(jie)通(tong)無法(fa)(fa)工(gong)作，而(er)由于供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路中沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)能使起動(dong)機(ji)工(gong)作，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)又沒有運轉(zhuan)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)也不(bu)(bu)能進入工(gong)作狀態，進而(er)無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)。從這(zhe)方面來(lai)看，上面的(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)(shi)有其道理的(de)(de)。但(dan)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能正常工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)，僅因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)起動(dong)機(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，汽油(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)可以依靠外力推(tui)著，這(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)為(wei)什么(me)呢？
我們在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機汽車(che)(che)時，只要(yao)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，可以采用推的(de)(de)方(fang)法使發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機運轉(zhuan)。從上(shang)面所說的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)看，其原(yuan)因在(zai)(zai)于當全(quan)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路及主(zhu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)ECU和傳感器也(ye)(ye)處于接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，能正(zheng)常工作，火花塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)路也(ye)(ye)被接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，此(ci)時只要(yao)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過皮(pi)帶輪(lun)與曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)相連的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機便開(kai)始(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，即刻便能為全(quan)車(che)(che)進行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當傳感器檢測到(dao)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)時，便開(kai)始(shi)給ECU信(xin)號(hao)，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控(kong)制噴(pen)油(you)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)(zai)指定(ding)氣缸內噴(pen)油(you)，火花塞進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)實(shi)現了(le)(le)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)。此(ci)過程實(shi)際上(shang)與起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機帶動(dong)(dong)飛輪(lun)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)過程類(lei)似(si)，只是這種方(fang)法避開(kai)了(le)(le)刺(ci)激繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器和起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，由外力推動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)向(xiang)前運動(dong)(dong)帶動(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)運轉(zhuan)取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機帶動(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)運轉(zhuan)。
至此，我們了解到對于一臺汽油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)汽車來說(shuo)，只要(yao)(yao)全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)路(lu)能(neng)(neng)接通，ECU和傳感器能(neng)(neng)工作，發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)就可(ke)以(yi)被(bei)推著。要(yao)(yao)知道，發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)被(bei)帶動以(yi)后，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)會同時(shi)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，而火花塞點火是瞬間(jian)點火，它需要(yao)(yao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)其實并(bing)不大，因(yin)此只要(yao)(yao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒(mei)損壞，即使(shi)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)完全(quan)沒(mei)有點，車輛也(ye)是可(ke)以(yi)推著的(de)。
我(wo)們在推(tui)著發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)(yao)注意些什(shen)么呢(ni)？首先要(yao)(yao)想推(tui)著一(yi)臺電(dian)噴發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛(liang)，要(yao)(yao)先確(que)定(ding)其變速箱(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)手動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)，這是(shi)極(ji)為重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)點(dian)，對于(yu)配備自(zi)動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)汽油電(dian)噴發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛(liang)來說，由于(yu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)結構特(te)性，無(wu)論(lun)采取什(shen)么辦法都(dou)是(shi)無(wu)法將(jiang)其推(tui)著的(de)(de)(de)。其次(ci)，要(yao)(yao)推(tui)著一(yi)部汽車(che)也要(yao)(yao)先確(que)定(ding)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)必(bi)須是(shi)可以發電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，否則即使(shi)靠電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)余電(dian)能(neng)點(dian)火成功，運轉的(de)(de)(de)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)馬上又會將(jiang)電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量消耗光，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)重(zhong)歸熄火。
具(ju)備這些條件才可采(cai)(cai)用推(tui)(tui)(tui)的方法應(ying)急啟動(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)機。在推(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)前(qian)，首先將鑰匙門擰到(dao)2擋(dang)，讓全(quan)車(che)(che)(che)電路接通，ECU和傳感器(qi)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態(tai)時(shi)，掛入(ru)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)檔(dang)后，踩(cai)住離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏板不能松開(kai)，這時(shi)將車(che)(che)(che)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)一定速度后，松開(kai)離(li)合(he)器(qi)踏板，讓車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)曲軸轉動(dong)(dong)，這樣通過上面我(wo)們介紹(shao)的過程，發動(dong)(dong)機就可以(yi)正常運(yun)轉了，同時(shi)發電機也開(kai)始(shi)為電瓶(ping)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)充(chong)電了。需要主意的是(shi)，我(wo)們推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)前(qian)掛入(ru)的前(qian)進(jin)(jin)擋(dang)應(ying)該是(shi)2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之(zhi)所以(yi)不能采(cai)(cai)用1檔(dang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)，原因(yin)是(shi)由于1檔(dang)的扭矩(ju)較大(da)(da)，其(qi)傳動(dong)(dong)方式是(shi)大(da)(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)比較大(da)(da)，而在1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)，則(ze)與正常行(xing)(xing)駛狀(zhuang)態(tai)相(xiang)反，是(shi)小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)，從杠桿原理上講，小齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)運(yun)轉阻力(li)是(shi)相(xiang)當大(da)(da)的，所以(yi)我(wo)們推(tui)(tui)(tui)是(shi)極(ji)為困難的。而采(cai)(cai)用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)，其(qi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的傳動(dong)(dong)比較小，推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)(che)(che)更(geng)為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能電器設(she)備有限公司始(shi)建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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