大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)據中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)技(ji)術設(she)備(bei)展(zhan)(zhan)覽將(jiang)于4月(yue)8-10日在上海新國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)博覽中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)召開(kai)，在亞洲最大的展(zhan)(zhan)館舉辦及國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)展(zhan)(zhan)覽公司(si)加盟將(jiang)會使2014中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)據中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)技(ji)術設(she)備(bei)展(zhan)(zhan)覽會更精彩。
大(da)功率高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組智能交流/直流負(fu)載(zai)(zai)是(shi)公司(si)近兩年推出(chu)的(de)重點(dian)產品，主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)日(ri)常檢測(ce)及維護。該負(fu)載(zai)(zai)融合(he)了公司(si)最先進(jin)的(de)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)技術，將(jiang)集“常規負(fu)載(zai)(zai)柜”與“降壓(ya)變壓(ya)器”所(suo)有功能于(yu)一(yi)體(ti)，直接(jie)接(jie)入高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組，既(ji)可以完(wan)成中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)靜態(tai)、整定(ding)、波動(dong)、突加(jia)、突卸、諧(xie)波分(fen)析等(deng)重要測(ce)試，使用(yong)方便，極大(da)降低了用(yong)戶資金(jin)投(tou)入。日(ri)前，該設備已(yi)廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)全球范圍內的(de)數據中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、應急/后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)源、通訊(xun)、電(dian)(dian)力、軍(jun)隊、航天、科研院所(suo)、船舶、海(hai)洋平(ping)臺、鐵(tie)路、油(you)田、工礦、金(jin)融、高(gao)(gao)校等(deng)領(ling)域。
作為國(guo)內起步較早的數據中心應(ying)急/后備(bei)(bei)電(dian)源(yuan)檢測(ce)設(she)備(bei)(bei)研發、生產廠(chang)家，北京玉新連城有限公(gong)司(si)一直走在行(xing)業(ye)前列(lie)。2009年，公(gong)司(si)自主研發制造的“大(da)功率干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載柜(ju)(ju)”榮獲中國(guo)國(guo)際專利與品牌(pai)博覽會(hui)金獎；2010年，大(da)功率干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載柜(ju)(ju)順利通過河北省科技(ji)廳技(ji)術鑒定，整體技(ji)術水平達(da)“國(guo)際先進”；同年，公(gong)司(si)起草并備(bei)(bei)案了行(xing)業(ye)內唯一企業(ye)標準——《干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載》。此次展會(hui)，將為公(gong)司(si)提供一個良好的推廣平臺(tai)。
推車啟動充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)方法及原理
在筆者還是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)手的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，有一(yi)次尷尬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷(li)至今讓我(wo)記憶猶(you)新(xin)(xin)。那時(shi)(shi)我(wo)拿本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)長，對(dui)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解也(ye)比較有限。有一(yi)回(hui)開(kai)著(zhu)單位(wei)老(lao)斯柯(ke)達弗雷西亞出(chu)門(men)辦(ban)事(shi)，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)值夏天(tian)，一(yi)路(lu)開(kai)著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)。在出(chu)城以(yi)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)上(shang)，停車(che)(che)怠速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)看見儀表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)燈(deng)老(lao)亮，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)有些納悶，但(dan)也(ye)沒(mei)太當(dang)回(hui)事(shi)。出(chu)城以(yi)后(hou)一(yi)路(lu)高速倒也(ye)無事(shi)，到(dao)達旅館以(yi)后(hou)天(tian)已(yi)經(jing)黑了(le)(le)。第二天(tian)早上(shang)起來(lai)(lai)一(yi)看車(che)(che)，發現不(bu)對(dui)，好(hao)像(xiang)車(che)(che)燈(deng)沒(mei)關，再進(jin)入車(che)(che)內(nei)一(yi)看，音響(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)沒(mei)關。自覺慚愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)還暗(an)暗(an)慶幸別人(ren)沒(mei)看見，趕緊(jin)關了(le)(le)這(zhe)些設備(bei)準備(bei)開(kai)車(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)擰鑰匙門(men)發現壞了(le)(le)，只(zhi)聽著(zhu)啟動(dong)機(ji)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)不(bu)再動(dong)了(le)(le)。怎么回(hui)事(shi)？好(hao)像(xiang)車(che)(che)子(zi)沒(mei)電(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)辦(ban)法，只(zhi)好(hao)打電(dian)話回(hui)單位(wei)問老(lao)司(si)機(ji)怎么辦(ban)。為(wei)了(le)(le)解決問題，所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)“老(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)司(si)機(ji)一(yi)聽就(jiu)知道(dao)：得了(le)(le)，肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)沒(mei)電(dian)了(le)(le)，這(zhe)破車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)和音響(xiang)(xiang)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)后(hou)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，加空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)換發電(dian)機(ji)，加上(shang)這(zhe)個(ge)發電(dian)機(ji)本(ben)來(lai)(lai)就(jiu)有點問題，所以(yi)一(yi)開(kai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)就(jiu)會虧電(dian)。加上(shang)一(yi)宿(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)燈(deng)和音響(xiang)(xiang)，電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)戲了(le)(le)。那怎么辦(ban)？老(lao)司(si)機(ji)出(chu)了(le)(le)主意：找個(ge)車(che)(che)搭(da)電(dian)試試。這(zhe)背井(jing)離鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)哪找這(zhe)車(che)(che)去？就(jiu)算(suan)有人(ren)愿意幫忙，也(ye)沒(mei)搭(da)線啊？這(zhe)著(zhu)肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)不(bu)行。最后(hou)老(lao)司(si)機(ji)說(shuo)，還有一(yi)辦(ban)法，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)找人(ren)幫你(ni)推(tui)，或許能推(tui)著(zhu)。于是(shi)(shi)我(wo)按(an)照老(lao)司(si)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法，找了(le)(le)幾個(ge)保安(an)幫忙，終于將車(che)(che)發動(dong)起來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)……
這(zhe)段經歷(li)讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)至(zhi)今難忘，也(ye)(ye)徹底讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)明白了車(che)(che)是可以(yi)推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)。那車(che)(che)輛推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)原理是什么呢？車(che)(che)輛到底應(ying)該如何推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)呢？隨著(zhu)(zhu)對汽(qi)車(che)(che)了解(jie)的(de)深入，這(zhe)些原理也(ye)(ye)逐步清(qing)晰，現就將這(zhe)些體會和(he)理解(jie)與大家分析，也(ye)(ye)對在這(zhe)方面(mian)還不了解(jie)的(de)車(che)(che)友一(yi)些幫(bang)助(zhu)。
我(wo)們知道汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的點(dian)(dian)火方式是(shi)(shi)依靠(kao)火花塞(sai)的高(gao)壓放點(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)的電弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)油(you)(you)的，而(er)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則(ze)沒有點(dian)(dian)火系統，完全依靠(kao)其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的高(gao)壓縮比使柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)處于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓狀態，自行燃(ran)燒(shao)的。由此，現在(zai)人們總(zong)是(shi)(shi)根據這個緣由對汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的啟動(dong)(dong)產生(sheng)了誤解(jie)，會自然而(er)然地認為汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能(neng)靠(kao)外力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)來使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉的，只有柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可以通過外力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)可以運轉。其(qi)實這種看法并不(bu)完全正確，那(nei)么汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)到底能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)像柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)那(nei)樣靠(kao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要(yao)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)(you)(you)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)供油(you)(you)(you)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)供油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，在我們進入車(che)輛(liang)將鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔(kong)后，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)一(yi)檔都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)才可(ke)以(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至(zhi)第(di)二(er)擋，其作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)我們可(ke)以(yi)(yi)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)從(cong)儀(yi)表(biao)盤(pan)上(shang)看到(dao)各種(zhong)指示燈(deng)(deng)點(dian)亮起(qi)，如機油(you)(you)(you)指示燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻液指示燈(deng)(deng)、制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)指示燈(deng)(deng)等，這意味著此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)處于接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀態，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了ECU和各傳感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，使其在得到(dao)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)信號后可(ke)以(yi)(yi)正常(chang)進入工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)火花(hua)塞的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)。我們知(zhi)道(dao)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)狀態下(xia)(xia)，由(you)于發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機并沒有運轉(zhuan)，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機沒有工作(zuo)(zuo)，給整(zheng)車(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)載的(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最后當鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)續(xu)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)觸點(dian)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控制啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)后，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機齒輪和飛輪相嚙合，飛輪在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)開(kai)始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進而帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸和活塞運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當一(yi)個氣(qi)缸進入到(dao)壓(ya)縮(suo)沖程末端時(shi)(shi)(shi)，曲軸位置(zhi)傳感器(qi)接(jie)收(shou)到(dao)信號，傳遞給ECU，在ECU的(de)(de)(de)控制下(xia)(xia)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)氣(qi)缸的(de)(de)(de)火花(hua)塞進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混合氣(qi)，進入做功沖程。至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機開(kai)始進入怠(dai)速狀態，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)過程也就結束(shu)了，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機在曲軸的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)開(kai)始工作(zuo)(zuo)，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為全(quan)車(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也回到(dao)了第(di)二(er)擋的(de)(de)(de)地方，維(wei)持全(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，使ECU和各傳感器(qi)能正常(chang)工作(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機油(you)(you)(you)報警燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻液指示燈(deng)(deng)等都將熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)齒輪也將和飛輪上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)齒輪脫(tuo)離嚙合，以(yi)(yi)保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)齒輪。
我們說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)人們普遍認為的(de)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)推著(zhu)的(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)有(you)其(qi)依(yi)據(ju)，但(dan)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)。我們知道(dao)對(dui)于汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)在車輛中采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)要依(yi)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)火花進行(xing)點(dian)(dian)火，依(yi)靠(kao)各(ge)個傳感器(qi)傳給ECU的(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號控(kong)制噴油和噴油量的(de)。從上(shang)面(mian)對(dui)整個發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)的(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)(bu)難看出：電(dian)(dian)對(dui)于汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)，一(yi)旦(dan)失去了電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)法(fa)點(dian)(dian)火，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作。尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，一(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)瓶損壞沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)量輸(shu)出，全車電(dian)(dian)路無(wu)法(fa)接(jie)(jie)通，主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)無(wu)法(fa)接(jie)(jie)通，ECU和各(ge)傳感器(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)接(jie)(jie)通無(wu)法(fa)工(gong)作，而由(you)于供(gong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路中沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)使起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒有(you)運(yun)轉，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)進入工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態，進而無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，上(shang)面(mian)的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)其(qi)道(dao)理的(de)。但(dan)在電(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)，僅(jin)因為電(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以依(yi)靠(kao)外力(li)推著(zhu)，這(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)(shi)為什么呢？
我們在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺電瓶電量不足的(de)電噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)汽車(che)時，只要接(jie)(jie)通了(le)全車(che)電路，接(jie)(jie)通主(zhu)繼電器，可以采用推(tui)的(de)方法使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉。從(cong)上面所說的(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)原理看，其原因在(zai)(zai)于當(dang)全車(che)電路及主(zhu)繼電器接(jie)(jie)通后，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)ECU和傳感器也(ye)處于接(jie)(jie)通狀態，能(neng)正常工(gong)作(zuo)，火花塞(sai)電路也(ye)被接(jie)(jie)通，此(ci)(ci)時只要曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通過(guo)皮帶(dai)(dai)輪與曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸相連的(de)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)便(bian)(bian)開始轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便(bian)(bian)能(neng)為(wei)全車(che)進(jin)(jin)行供(gong)電，當(dang)傳感器檢測到曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，便(bian)(bian)開始給ECU信號，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)的(de)供(gong)電下，ECU控制噴油器的(de)電磁閥在(zai)(zai)指(zhi)定氣缸(gang)內噴油，火花塞(sai)進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)(ci)實現了(le)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)(ci)過(guo)程(cheng)實際上與起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)類似，只是這(zhe)種方法避開了(le)刺激(ji)繼電器和起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電機(ji)(ji)，由外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)向前運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸運轉取代起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸運轉。
至此(ci)，我們了解到(dao)對于一臺汽(qi)(qi)油(you)機(ji)發(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)車來說，只要(yao)(yao)全車電路能(neng)(neng)接通(tong)，ECU和(he)傳感器能(neng)(neng)工作(zuo)，發(fa)動機(ji)就(jiu)可以(yi)被(bei)推(tui)著(zhu)。要(yao)(yao)知道(dao)，發(fa)動機(ji)被(bei)帶動以(yi)后，發(fa)電機(ji)也(ye)會同時產生電能(neng)(neng)，而火(huo)花塞點(dian)火(huo)是瞬(shun)間(jian)點(dian)火(huo)，它需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)其實(shi)并不大，因此(ci)只要(yao)(yao)發(fa)電機(ji)沒損壞，即(ji)使(shi)電瓶完全沒有點(dian)，車輛也(ye)是可以(yi)推(tui)著(zhu)的(de)(de)。
我(wo)們在推著發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)時候(hou)要(yao)注意些什(shen)么(me)呢？首先要(yao)想推著一臺(tai)電噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)車(che)(che)輛，要(yao)先確(que)定其(qi)變(bian)速箱是手(shou)動(dong)變(bian)速箱，這是極(ji)為(wei)重要(yao)的(de)一點，對于配備自(zi)動(dong)變(bian)速箱的(de)汽油電噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)車(che)(che)輛來(lai)說，由于自(zi)動(dong)變(bian)速箱的(de)結構特(te)性，無論采取什(shen)么(me)辦(ban)法都(dou)是無法將其(qi)推著的(de)。其(qi)次，要(yao)推著一部汽車(che)(che)也要(yao)先確(que)定發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)必(bi)須是可以發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電的(de)，否則即使靠電瓶(ping)的(de)殘余電能(neng)點火成功(gong)，運(yun)轉的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)馬(ma)上(shang)又會將電瓶(ping)的(de)電量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)重歸(gui)熄火。
具備這些條件(jian)才可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)推(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)方法應急啟動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在推(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)前，首先將鑰匙(chi)門擰(ning)到(dao)2擋，讓全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)路(lu)接通(tong)，ECU和傳(chuan)感器進(jin)入工作狀(zhuang)態時(shi)，掛(gua)入前進(jin)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)后，踩住離(li)合器踏(ta)板(ban)不能(neng)松開，這時(shi)將車推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)一定速(su)度后，松開離(li)合器踏(ta)板(ban)，讓車輪帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)曲軸轉動(dong)(dong)，這樣通(tong)過上(shang)面(mian)我們介紹(shao)的(de)過程，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可(ke)(ke)以正常運(yun)轉了，同時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)也開始為電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)(dian)了。需要主意的(de)是，我們推(tui)(tui)(tui)車之(zhi)前掛(gua)入的(de)前進(jin)擋應該是2檔(dang)(dang)(dang)或3檔(dang)(dang)(dang)。之(zhi)所以不能(neng)采用(yong)(yong)1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車，原因是由于1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)扭矩較(jiao)大(da)(da)，其傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)方式是大(da)(da)齒(chi)輪帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)輪的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)輪的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，而在1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車時(shi)，則(ze)與正常行(xing)(xing)駛狀(zhuang)態相(xiang)反，是小齒(chi)輪帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)齒(chi)輪，從杠桿原理上(shang)講，小齒(chi)輪帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)齒(chi)輪運(yun)轉阻力是相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)(da)的(de)，所以我們推(tui)(tui)(tui)是極為困難的(de)。而采用(yong)(yong)2檔(dang)(dang)(dang)或3檔(dang)(dang)(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車時(shi)，其齒(chi)輪的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)比(bi)較(jiao)小，推(tui)(tui)(tui)車更為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施(shi)能電器(qi)設備有限公司始建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大(da)功率高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組智能交流/直流負(fu)載(zai)(zai)是(shi)公司(si)近兩年推出(chu)的(de)重點(dian)產品，主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)日(ri)常檢測(ce)及維護。該負(fu)載(zai)(zai)融合(he)了公司(si)最先進(jin)的(de)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)技術，將(jiang)集“常規負(fu)載(zai)(zai)柜”與“降壓(ya)變壓(ya)器”所(suo)有功能于(yu)一(yi)體(ti)，直接(jie)接(jie)入高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組，既(ji)可以完(wan)成中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)靜態(tai)、整定(ding)、波動(dong)、突加(jia)、突卸、諧(xie)波分(fen)析等(deng)重要測(ce)試，使用(yong)方便，極大(da)降低了用(yong)戶資金(jin)投(tou)入。日(ri)前，該設備已(yi)廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)全球范圍內的(de)數據中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、應急/后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)源、通訊(xun)、電(dian)(dian)力、軍(jun)隊、航天、科研院所(suo)、船舶、海(hai)洋平(ping)臺、鐵(tie)路、油(you)田、工礦、金(jin)融、高(gao)(gao)校等(deng)領(ling)域。
作為國(guo)內起步較早的數據中心應(ying)急/后備(bei)(bei)電(dian)源(yuan)檢測(ce)設(she)備(bei)(bei)研發、生產廠(chang)家，北京玉新連城有限公(gong)司(si)一直走在行(xing)業(ye)前列(lie)。2009年，公(gong)司(si)自主研發制造的“大(da)功率干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載柜(ju)(ju)”榮獲中國(guo)國(guo)際專利與品牌(pai)博覽會(hui)金獎；2010年，大(da)功率干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載柜(ju)(ju)順利通過河北省科技(ji)廳技(ji)術鑒定，整體技(ji)術水平達(da)“國(guo)際先進”；同年，公(gong)司(si)起草并備(bei)(bei)案了行(xing)業(ye)內唯一企業(ye)標準——《干式交(jiao)流(liu)負載》。此次展會(hui)，將為公(gong)司(si)提供一個良好的推廣平臺(tai)。
推車啟動充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)方法及原理
在筆者還是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)手的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，有一(yi)次尷尬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷(li)至今讓我(wo)記憶猶(you)新(xin)(xin)。那時(shi)(shi)我(wo)拿本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)長，對(dui)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解也(ye)比較有限。有一(yi)回(hui)開(kai)著(zhu)單位(wei)老(lao)斯柯(ke)達弗雷西亞出(chu)門(men)辦(ban)事(shi)，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)值夏天(tian)，一(yi)路(lu)開(kai)著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)。在出(chu)城以(yi)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)上(shang)，停車(che)(che)怠速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)看見儀表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)燈(deng)老(lao)亮，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)有些納悶，但(dan)也(ye)沒(mei)太當(dang)回(hui)事(shi)。出(chu)城以(yi)后(hou)一(yi)路(lu)高速倒也(ye)無事(shi)，到(dao)達旅館以(yi)后(hou)天(tian)已(yi)經(jing)黑了(le)(le)。第二天(tian)早上(shang)起來(lai)(lai)一(yi)看車(che)(che)，發現不(bu)對(dui)，好(hao)像(xiang)車(che)(che)燈(deng)沒(mei)關，再進(jin)入車(che)(che)內(nei)一(yi)看，音響(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)沒(mei)關。自覺慚愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)還暗(an)暗(an)慶幸別人(ren)沒(mei)看見，趕緊(jin)關了(le)(le)這(zhe)些設備(bei)準備(bei)開(kai)車(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)擰鑰匙門(men)發現壞了(le)(le)，只(zhi)聽著(zhu)啟動(dong)機(ji)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)不(bu)再動(dong)了(le)(le)。怎么回(hui)事(shi)？好(hao)像(xiang)車(che)(che)子(zi)沒(mei)電(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)辦(ban)法，只(zhi)好(hao)打電(dian)話回(hui)單位(wei)問老(lao)司(si)機(ji)怎么辦(ban)。為(wei)了(le)(le)解決問題，所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)“老(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)司(si)機(ji)一(yi)聽就(jiu)知道(dao)：得了(le)(le)，肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)沒(mei)電(dian)了(le)(le)，這(zhe)破車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)和音響(xiang)(xiang)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)后(hou)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，加空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)換發電(dian)機(ji)，加上(shang)這(zhe)個(ge)發電(dian)機(ji)本(ben)來(lai)(lai)就(jiu)有點問題，所以(yi)一(yi)開(kai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)就(jiu)會虧電(dian)。加上(shang)一(yi)宿(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)燈(deng)和音響(xiang)(xiang)，電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)戲了(le)(le)。那怎么辦(ban)？老(lao)司(si)機(ji)出(chu)了(le)(le)主意：找個(ge)車(che)(che)搭(da)電(dian)試試。這(zhe)背井(jing)離鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)哪找這(zhe)車(che)(che)去？就(jiu)算(suan)有人(ren)愿意幫忙，也(ye)沒(mei)搭(da)線啊？這(zhe)著(zhu)肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)不(bu)行。最后(hou)老(lao)司(si)機(ji)說(shuo)，還有一(yi)辦(ban)法，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)找人(ren)幫你(ni)推(tui)，或許能推(tui)著(zhu)。于是(shi)(shi)我(wo)按(an)照老(lao)司(si)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法，找了(le)(le)幾個(ge)保安(an)幫忙，終于將車(che)(che)發動(dong)起來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)……
這(zhe)段經歷(li)讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)至(zhi)今難忘，也(ye)(ye)徹底讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)明白了車(che)(che)是可以(yi)推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)。那車(che)(che)輛推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)原理是什么呢？車(che)(che)輛到底應(ying)該如何推(tui)著(zhu)(zhu)呢？隨著(zhu)(zhu)對汽(qi)車(che)(che)了解(jie)的(de)深入，這(zhe)些原理也(ye)(ye)逐步清(qing)晰，現就將這(zhe)些體會和(he)理解(jie)與大家分析，也(ye)(ye)對在這(zhe)方面(mian)還不了解(jie)的(de)車(che)(che)友一(yi)些幫(bang)助(zhu)。
我(wo)們知道汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的點(dian)(dian)火方式是(shi)(shi)依靠(kao)火花塞(sai)的高(gao)壓放點(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)的電弧引燃(ran)汽(qi)油(you)(you)的，而(er)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則(ze)沒有點(dian)(dian)火系統，完全依靠(kao)其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的高(gao)壓縮比使柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)處于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓狀態，自行燃(ran)燒(shao)的。由此，現在(zai)人們總(zong)是(shi)(shi)根據這個緣由對汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的啟動(dong)(dong)產生(sheng)了誤解(jie)，會自然而(er)然地認為汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能(neng)靠(kao)外力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)來使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉的，只有柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可以通過外力(li)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)可以運轉。其(qi)實這種看法并不(bu)完全正確，那(nei)么汽(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)到底能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)像柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)那(nei)樣靠(kao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要(yao)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)(you)(you)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)供油(you)(you)(you)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)供油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，在我們進入車(che)輛(liang)將鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔(kong)后，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)一(yi)檔都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)解鎖，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)才可(ke)以(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至(zhi)第(di)二(er)擋，其作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)我們可(ke)以(yi)(yi)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)從(cong)儀(yi)表(biao)盤(pan)上(shang)看到(dao)各種(zhong)指示燈(deng)(deng)點(dian)亮起(qi)，如機油(you)(you)(you)指示燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻液指示燈(deng)(deng)、制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)指示燈(deng)(deng)等，這意味著此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)處于接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀態，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了ECU和各傳感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，使其在得到(dao)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)信號后可(ke)以(yi)(yi)正常(chang)進入工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)火花(hua)塞的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)。我們知(zhi)道(dao)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)狀態下(xia)(xia)，由(you)于發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機并沒有運轉(zhuan)，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機沒有工作(zuo)(zuo)，給整(zheng)車(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)載的(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最后當鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼(ji)續(xu)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)觸點(dian)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控制啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)后，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機齒輪和飛輪相嚙合，飛輪在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)開(kai)始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進而帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸和活塞運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當一(yi)個氣(qi)缸進入到(dao)壓(ya)縮(suo)沖程末端時(shi)(shi)(shi)，曲軸位置(zhi)傳感器(qi)接(jie)收(shou)到(dao)信號，傳遞給ECU，在ECU的(de)(de)(de)控制下(xia)(xia)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)氣(qi)缸的(de)(de)(de)火花(hua)塞進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃混合氣(qi)，進入做功沖程。至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機開(kai)始進入怠(dai)速狀態，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)過程也就結束(shu)了，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機在曲軸的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)開(kai)始工作(zuo)(zuo)，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為全(quan)車(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也回到(dao)了第(di)二(er)擋的(de)(de)(de)地方，維(wei)持全(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，使ECU和各傳感器(qi)能正常(chang)工作(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機油(you)(you)(you)報警燈(deng)(deng)、冷卻液指示燈(deng)(deng)等都將熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)齒輪也將和飛輪上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)齒輪脫(tuo)離嚙合，以(yi)(yi)保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)齒輪。
我們說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)人們普遍認為的(de)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)推著(zhu)的(de)，這(zhe)種說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)有(you)其(qi)依(yi)據(ju)，但(dan)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)。我們知道(dao)對(dui)于汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)在車輛中采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)要依(yi)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)火花進行(xing)點(dian)(dian)火，依(yi)靠(kao)各(ge)個傳感器(qi)傳給ECU的(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號控(kong)制噴油和噴油量的(de)。從上(shang)面(mian)對(dui)整個發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)的(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)(bu)難看出：電(dian)(dian)對(dui)于汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)，一(yi)旦(dan)失去了電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)法(fa)點(dian)(dian)火，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作。尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，一(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)瓶損壞沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)量輸(shu)出，全車電(dian)(dian)路無(wu)法(fa)接(jie)(jie)通，主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)無(wu)法(fa)接(jie)(jie)通，ECU和各(ge)傳感器(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)接(jie)(jie)通無(wu)法(fa)工(gong)作，而由(you)于供(gong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路中沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)使起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又沒有(you)運(yun)轉，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)進入工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態，進而無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這(zhe)方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，上(shang)面(mian)的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)其(qi)道(dao)理的(de)。但(dan)在電(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)，僅(jin)因為電(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以依(yi)靠(kao)外力(li)推著(zhu)，這(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)(shi)為什么呢？
我們在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺電瓶電量不足的(de)電噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)汽車(che)時，只要接(jie)(jie)通了(le)全車(che)電路，接(jie)(jie)通主(zhu)繼電器，可以采用推(tui)的(de)方法使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉。從(cong)上面所說的(de)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)原理看，其原因在(zai)(zai)于當(dang)全車(che)電路及主(zhu)繼電器接(jie)(jie)通后，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)ECU和傳感器也(ye)處于接(jie)(jie)通狀態，能(neng)正常工(gong)作(zuo)，火花塞(sai)電路也(ye)被接(jie)(jie)通，此(ci)(ci)時只要曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通過(guo)皮帶(dai)(dai)輪與曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸相連的(de)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)便(bian)(bian)開始轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便(bian)(bian)能(neng)為(wei)全車(che)進(jin)(jin)行供(gong)電，當(dang)傳感器檢測到曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，便(bian)(bian)開始給ECU信號，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)的(de)供(gong)電下，ECU控制噴油器的(de)電磁閥在(zai)(zai)指(zhi)定氣缸(gang)內噴油，火花塞(sai)進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)(ci)實現了(le)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)(ci)過(guo)程(cheng)實際上與起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)類似，只是這(zhe)種方法避開了(le)刺激(ji)繼電器和起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電機(ji)(ji)，由外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)向前運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸運轉取代起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)軸運轉。
至此(ci)，我們了解到(dao)對于一臺汽(qi)(qi)油(you)機(ji)發(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)車來說，只要(yao)(yao)全車電路能(neng)(neng)接通(tong)，ECU和(he)傳感器能(neng)(neng)工作(zuo)，發(fa)動機(ji)就(jiu)可以(yi)被(bei)推(tui)著(zhu)。要(yao)(yao)知道(dao)，發(fa)動機(ji)被(bei)帶動以(yi)后，發(fa)電機(ji)也(ye)會同時產生電能(neng)(neng)，而火(huo)花塞點(dian)火(huo)是瞬(shun)間(jian)點(dian)火(huo)，它需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)其實(shi)并不大，因此(ci)只要(yao)(yao)發(fa)電機(ji)沒損壞，即(ji)使(shi)電瓶完全沒有點(dian)，車輛也(ye)是可以(yi)推(tui)著(zhu)的(de)(de)。
我(wo)們在推著發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)時候(hou)要(yao)注意些什(shen)么(me)呢？首先要(yao)想推著一臺(tai)電噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)車(che)(che)輛，要(yao)先確(que)定其(qi)變(bian)速箱是手(shou)動(dong)變(bian)速箱，這是極(ji)為(wei)重要(yao)的(de)一點，對于配備自(zi)動(dong)變(bian)速箱的(de)汽油電噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)車(che)(che)輛來(lai)說，由于自(zi)動(dong)變(bian)速箱的(de)結構特(te)性，無論采取什(shen)么(me)辦(ban)法都(dou)是無法將其(qi)推著的(de)。其(qi)次，要(yao)推著一部汽車(che)(che)也要(yao)先確(que)定發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)必(bi)須是可以發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電的(de)，否則即使靠電瓶(ping)的(de)殘余電能(neng)點火成功(gong)，運(yun)轉的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)馬(ma)上(shang)又會將電瓶(ping)的(de)電量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)重歸(gui)熄火。
具備這些條件(jian)才可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)推(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)方法應急啟動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在推(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)前，首先將鑰匙(chi)門擰(ning)到(dao)2擋，讓全(quan)車電(dian)(dian)路(lu)接通(tong)，ECU和傳(chuan)感器進(jin)入工作狀(zhuang)態時(shi)，掛(gua)入前進(jin)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)后，踩住離(li)合器踏(ta)板(ban)不能(neng)松開，這時(shi)將車推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)一定速(su)度后，松開離(li)合器踏(ta)板(ban)，讓車輪帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)曲軸轉動(dong)(dong)，這樣通(tong)過上(shang)面(mian)我們介紹(shao)的(de)過程，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可(ke)(ke)以正常運(yun)轉了，同時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)也開始為電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)(dian)了。需要主意的(de)是，我們推(tui)(tui)(tui)車之(zhi)前掛(gua)入的(de)前進(jin)擋應該是2檔(dang)(dang)(dang)或3檔(dang)(dang)(dang)。之(zhi)所以不能(neng)采用(yong)(yong)1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車，原因是由于1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)扭矩較(jiao)大(da)(da)，其傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)方式是大(da)(da)齒(chi)輪帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)輪的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)輪的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，而在1檔(dang)(dang)(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車時(shi)，則(ze)與正常行(xing)(xing)駛狀(zhuang)態相(xiang)反，是小齒(chi)輪帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)齒(chi)輪，從杠桿原理上(shang)講，小齒(chi)輪帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)齒(chi)輪運(yun)轉阻力是相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)(da)的(de)，所以我們推(tui)(tui)(tui)是極為困難的(de)。而采用(yong)(yong)2檔(dang)(dang)(dang)或3檔(dang)(dang)(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車時(shi)，其齒(chi)輪的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)比(bi)較(jiao)小，推(tui)(tui)(tui)車更為容易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施(shi)能電器(qi)設備有限公司始建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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