大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中(zhong)(zhong)國國際(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)技(ji)術設備展(zhan)(zhan)覽(lan)將(jiang)于4月8-10日在(zai)上(shang)海新(xin)國際(ji)(ji)(ji)博(bo)覽(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)召開，在(zai)亞洲最大的展(zhan)(zhan)館舉辦及國際(ji)(ji)(ji)展(zhan)(zhan)覽(lan)公司加盟將(jiang)會(hui)使2014中(zhong)(zhong)國國際(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)技(ji)術設備展(zhan)(zhan)覽(lan)會(hui)更精彩。
大功(gong)率高壓發電(dian)機組(zu)智能交流(liu)/直流(liu)負載是(shi)公(gong)司近兩年推出的(de)重(zhong)點產品(pin)，主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)中高壓發電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)日常檢測及維(wei)護。該(gai)負載融(rong)合了公(gong)司最先進的(de)負載技術(shu)，將(jiang)集“常規負載柜”與(yu)“降壓變(bian)壓器”所有功(gong)能于(yu)(yu)一體，直接接入高壓發電(dian)機組(zu)，既可以完成(cheng)中高壓發電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)靜態、整定、波(bo)動、突加(jia)、突卸、諧波(bo)分析等重(zhong)要測試，使(shi)用(yong)方便，極(ji)大降低了用(yong)戶資金投入。日前，該(gai)設(she)備(bei)已廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)全球范圍內的(de)數據中心、應急/后備(bei)電(dian)源、通訊、電(dian)力(li)、軍隊、航(hang)天、科研院(yuan)所、船(chuan)舶、海洋(yang)平臺(tai)、鐵路、油田(tian)、工(gong)礦、金融(rong)、高校(xiao)等領域(yu)。
作為國內起步較(jiao)早的(de)數據中心(xin)應(ying)急/后備電源檢測設備研發、生產廠家，北京(jing)玉(yu)新連城有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直走在行(xing)業(ye)前列。2009年，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)自(zi)主研發制造的(de)“大(da)功率(lv)(lv)干(gan)式交(jiao)流負載(zai)柜”榮獲中國國際專利與品牌博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎；2010年，大(da)功率(lv)(lv)干(gan)式交(jiao)流負載(zai)柜順利通過(guo)河北省科技廳技術鑒定，整體技術水平(ping)(ping)達“國際先進”；同年，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)起草并備案了行(xing)業(ye)內唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)企業(ye)標準——《干(gan)式交(jiao)流負載(zai)》。此次展會(hui)，將為公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)提供一(yi)(yi)(yi)個良好的(de)推廣平(ping)(ping)臺。
推車(che)啟(qi)動充(chong)電機方法及原理
在(zai)筆者還(huan)(huan)是新(xin)手的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次尷尬的(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷(li)至今讓我記憶猶(you)新(xin)。那(nei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)我拿本的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)長，對車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解也(ye)比較有(you)限(xian)。有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)回(hui)(hui)開(kai)著(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)(lao)斯柯達(da)弗雷西亞(ya)出(chu)(chu)門辦(ban)事(shi)，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)值夏天，一(yi)(yi)(yi)路開(kai)著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)。在(zai)出(chu)(chu)城以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路上，停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)怠(dai)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)看(kan)見(jian)儀表上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)燈(deng)(deng)老(lao)(lao)(lao)亮(liang)，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)些納悶，但也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)太(tai)當(dang)回(hui)(hui)事(shi)。出(chu)(chu)城以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路高速倒(dao)也(ye)無事(shi)，到達(da)旅(lv)館以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)天已經黑(hei)了(le)(le)。第二天早上起來(lai)(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)車(che)(che)(che)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)不(bu)對，好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)燈(deng)(deng)沒(mei)(mei)關(guan)，再(zai)(zai)進入(ru)車(che)(che)(che)內一(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)，音響也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)關(guan)。自(zi)覺(jue)慚愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)暗暗慶幸別(bie)人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)看(kan)見(jian)，趕緊(jin)關(guan)了(le)(le)這(zhe)些設備準備開(kai)車(che)(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)擰鑰(yao)匙門發(fa)(fa)現(xian)壞了(le)(le)，只聽著(zhu)啟(qi)動機響了(le)(le)兩(liang)下就(jiu)不(bu)再(zai)(zai)動了(le)(le)。怎(zen)(zen)么(me)回(hui)(hui)事(shi)？好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)子沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)辦(ban)法，只好(hao)打電(dian)(dian)話回(hui)(hui)單位問(wen)(wen)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機怎(zen)(zen)么(me)辦(ban)。為了(le)(le)解決問(wen)(wen)題，所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)肯(ken)定是“老(lao)(lao)(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽就(jiu)知(zhi)道：得了(le)(le)，肯(ken)定是電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，這(zhe)破車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)和音響都是后(hou)(hou)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，加(jia)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)(mei)換發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機，加(jia)上這(zhe)個發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機本來(lai)(lai)就(jiu)有(you)點問(wen)(wen)題，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)就(jiu)會(hui)虧電(dian)(dian)。加(jia)上一(yi)(yi)(yi)宿(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)燈(deng)(deng)和音響，電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)肯(ken)定是沒(mei)(mei)戲了(le)(le)。那(nei)怎(zen)(zen)么(me)辦(ban)？老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)主(zhu)意：找個車(che)(che)(che)搭電(dian)(dian)試試。這(zhe)背井離(li)鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)，上哪找這(zhe)車(che)(che)(che)去？就(jiu)算有(you)人(ren)愿意幫忙，也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)搭線啊？這(zhe)著(zhu)肯(ken)定不(bu)行。最后(hou)(hou)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機說，還(huan)(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)辦(ban)法，就(jiu)是找人(ren)幫你推，或許能(neng)推著(zhu)。于(yu)是我按照老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)說法，找了(le)(le)幾個保安幫忙，終(zhong)于(yu)將車(che)(che)(che)發(fa)(fa)動起來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)……
這(zhe)段經歷讓我至(zhi)今難忘(wang)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)徹底讓我明白了(le)車(che)是可以推著(zhu)的(de)。那車(che)輛(liang)推著(zhu)的(de)原(yuan)理是什(shen)么呢？車(che)輛(liang)到底應該如何推著(zhu)呢？隨著(zhu)對(dui)汽車(che)了(le)解的(de)深入，這(zhe)些原(yuan)理也(ye)(ye)(ye)逐步(bu)清晰，現就將(jiang)這(zhe)些體會和理解與大家分(fen)析，也(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)在這(zhe)方面(mian)還不了(le)解的(de)車(che)友一些幫(bang)助。
我們知道汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)點火(huo)方(fang)式是(shi)(shi)依靠(kao)火(huo)花塞的(de)高壓放點產生的(de)電弧(hu)引燃汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)，而(er)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則(ze)沒有(you)點火(huo)系統，完全依靠(kao)其(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)高壓縮比使柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)處于(yu)高溫高壓狀態，自行燃燒的(de)。由此，現在人(ren)們總是(shi)(shi)根據這個(ge)緣由對汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)產生了(le)誤(wu)解，會自然而(er)然地認(ren)為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)不能靠(kao)外(wai)(wai)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)來使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)，只有(you)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可以(yi)通過(guo)外(wai)(wai)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)可以(yi)運轉(zhuan)。其(qi)實這種看法并不完全正確，那么汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)到(dao)底(di)能不能像柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)那樣靠(kao)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺(tai)汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)化油(you)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)油(you)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)供(gong)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)車(che)(che)輛將(jiang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入(ru)(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔后(hou)(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)，第一檔都是(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)解鎖(suo)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)才可(ke)以轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其(qi)后(hou)(hou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至第二(er)擋(dang)，其(qi)作用(yong)是(shi)(shi)全車(che)(che)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，這時(shi)我(wo)們可(ke)以明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤(pan)上看到各(ge)種(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)點亮(liang)起，如機(ji)(ji)油(you)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)、冷(leng)卻(que)液指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)、制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)等，這意味著此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處(chu)于(yu)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀態，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使(shi)(shi)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)得(de)到發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)后(hou)(hou)可(ke)以正(zheng)常進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)工(gong)作狀態，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)火花塞(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們知道此(ci)(ci)(ci)狀態下，由于(yu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)并沒(mei)有(you)運轉(zhuan)，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)沒(mei)有(you)工(gong)作，給整車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不是(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)而是(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)當(dang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼續向(xiang)下轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)控(kong)制啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)后(hou)(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)得(de)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)齒輪(lun)(lun)和飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)相嚙合，飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開(kai)始(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸和活塞(sai)(sai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一個氣缸(gang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)到壓縮沖(chong)程末端時(shi)，曲(qu)軸位(wei)置傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)收到信號(hao)，傳遞給ECU，在(zai)(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制下，此(ci)(ci)(ci)氣缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞(sai)(sai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引(yin)燃混合氣，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)做功沖(chong)程。至此(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)怠速狀態，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程也就結束了，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)曲(qu)軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開(kai)始(shi)(shi)工(gong)作，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為(wei)(wei)全車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也回到了第二(er)擋(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，維持(chi)全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，使(shi)(shi)ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)作，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)機(ji)(ji)油(you)報警燈(deng)(deng)、冷(leng)卻(que)液指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)等都將(jiang)熄滅，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)也將(jiang)和飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)脫離(li)嚙合，以保護起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)。
我(wo)們(men)說(shuo)人們(men)普遍認為的(de)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)推(tui)著(zhu)的(de)，這種說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)，但又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全正確的(de)。我(wo)們(men)知道(dao)對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)現在車輛中采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作是(shi)(shi)(shi)要依(yi)(yi)靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花進(jin)行點火，依(yi)(yi)靠各(ge)個(ge)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)傳給ECU的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)控制(zhi)噴油(you)(you)和噴油(you)(you)量的(de)。從上(shang)面對整個(ge)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程的(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)(bu)難看(kan)出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)，一(yi)旦失去(qu)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)法(fa)(fa)點火，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)正常工作。尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損壞(huai)沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量輸出，全車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)接(jie)通(tong)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)工作，而由于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路中沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)使起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作，這時(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)又(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)運轉，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)進(jin)入(ru)工作狀態，進(jin)而無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這方面來(lai)(lai)看(kan)，上(shang)面的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)道(dao)理的(de)。但在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)正常工作時(shi)，僅因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以依(yi)(yi)靠外(wai)力推(tui)著(zhu)，這又(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為什么呢(ni)？
我們在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)汽車(che)時(shi)，只(zhi)(zhi)要接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可(ke)以(yi)采用推(tui)的(de)(de)方法使發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。從上(shang)面所說(shuo)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)原理看(kan)，其(qi)原因在(zai)于(yu)當(dang)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)后，發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)ECU和傳感(gan)器(qi)也(ye)處于(yu)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀態，能正常工作，火花塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也(ye)被(bei)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，此時(shi)只(zhi)(zhi)要曲(qu)(qu)軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通(tong)過皮帶輪與(yu)曲(qu)(qu)軸相(xiang)連的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)便(bian)開始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即(ji)刻(ke)便(bian)能為全車(che)進行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)傳感(gan)器(qi)檢測到曲(qu)(qu)軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，便(bian)開始給(gei)ECU信(xin)號，在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴(pen)油(you)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)指(zhi)定氣缸(gang)內噴(pen)油(you)，火花塞進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，引(yin)燃(ran)混合(he)氣，至此實現(xian)了(le)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此過程(cheng)(cheng)實際(ji)上(shang)與(yu)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛(fei)輪啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)類似，只(zhi)(zhi)是這種方法避開了(le)刺(ci)激繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，由外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)向前運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸運(yun)轉(zhuan)取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸運(yun)轉(zhuan)。
至此，我們了解到(dao)對于一臺汽油機(ji)(ji)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的汽車(che)來說，只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)全(quan)車(che)電(dian)路能(neng)接(jie)通，ECU和傳(chuan)感器能(neng)工作，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)就可以被推(tui)著。要(yao)(yao)(yao)知道，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)被帶動(dong)(dong)以后，發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)也(ye)會(hui)同時產生電(dian)能(neng)，而火花塞(sai)點火是(shi)瞬間點火，它需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的電(dian)能(neng)其實并(bing)不大，因此只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)沒損(sun)壞(huai)，即使電(dian)瓶完全(quan)沒有點，車(che)輛也(ye)是(shi)可以推(tui)著的。
我(wo)們在推著發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)時候(hou)要(yao)注意(yi)些什(shen)么(me)(me)呢？首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)想推著一(yi)(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)車(che)輛，要(yao)先(xian)確(que)定其變速箱(xiang)(xiang)是手動(dong)(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)，這是極為重要(yao)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)，對于(yu)配備自動(dong)(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)汽油電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)車(che)輛來說，由于(yu)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)結構特(te)性，無論(lun)采取什(shen)么(me)(me)辦(ban)法(fa)都是無法(fa)將(jiang)其推著的(de)(de)。其次，要(yao)推著一(yi)(yi)部汽車(che)也要(yao)先(xian)確(que)定發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)必須是可以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，否則即使靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)殘余電(dian)(dian)能點(dian)火成功，運轉的(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)馬(ma)上(shang)又會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)重歸熄(xi)火。
具備這些條件才可(ke)采(cai)用推(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)方法應(ying)急(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在推(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，首先將鑰匙門(men)擰(ning)到2擋，讓全車(che)電路(lu)接通，ECU和傳(chuan)感器進(jin)(jin)入工作狀態時(shi)，掛入前(qian)進(jin)(jin)檔(dang)后，踩住離(li)合器踏(ta)板不能(neng)松開，這時(shi)將車(che)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一定速度(du)后，松開離(li)合器踏(ta)板，讓車(che)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通過(guo)(guo)上(shang)面我們(men)介紹(shao)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可(ke)以(yi)正(zheng)常運(yun)轉(zhuan)了，同時(shi)發(fa)電機(ji)也(ye)開始為電瓶進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電了。需要主意的(de)(de)是，我們(men)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)掛入的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)擋應(ying)該是2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)不能(neng)采(cai)用1檔(dang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)，原因(yin)是由于1檔(dang)的(de)(de)扭矩(ju)較(jiao)大(da)，其傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式是大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)大(da)，而(er)在1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，則與正(zheng)常行(xing)(xing)駛狀態相反，是小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)，從(cong)杠桿原理上(shang)講，小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)運(yun)轉(zhuan)阻力是相當大(da)的(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)我們(men)推(tui)(tui)(tui)是極為困(kun)難的(de)(de)。而(er)采(cai)用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，其齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)小(xiao)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)更為容(rong)易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能電器設(she)備有限公司(si)始建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大功(gong)率高壓發電(dian)機組(zu)智能交流(liu)/直流(liu)負載是(shi)公(gong)司近兩年推出的(de)重(zhong)點產品(pin)，主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)中高壓發電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)日常檢測及維(wei)護。該(gai)負載融(rong)合了公(gong)司最先進的(de)負載技術(shu)，將(jiang)集“常規負載柜”與(yu)“降壓變(bian)壓器”所有功(gong)能于(yu)(yu)一體，直接接入高壓發電(dian)機組(zu)，既可以完成(cheng)中高壓發電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)靜態、整定、波(bo)動、突加(jia)、突卸、諧波(bo)分析等重(zhong)要測試，使(shi)用(yong)方便，極(ji)大降低了用(yong)戶資金投入。日前，該(gai)設(she)備(bei)已廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)全球范圍內的(de)數據中心、應急/后備(bei)電(dian)源、通訊、電(dian)力(li)、軍隊、航(hang)天、科研院(yuan)所、船(chuan)舶、海洋(yang)平臺(tai)、鐵路、油田(tian)、工(gong)礦、金融(rong)、高校(xiao)等領域(yu)。
作為國內起步較(jiao)早的(de)數據中心(xin)應(ying)急/后備電源檢測設備研發、生產廠家，北京(jing)玉(yu)新連城有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直走在行(xing)業(ye)前列。2009年，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)自(zi)主研發制造的(de)“大(da)功率(lv)(lv)干(gan)式交(jiao)流負載(zai)柜”榮獲中國國際專利與品牌博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎；2010年，大(da)功率(lv)(lv)干(gan)式交(jiao)流負載(zai)柜順利通過(guo)河北省科技廳技術鑒定，整體技術水平(ping)(ping)達“國際先進”；同年，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)起草并備案了行(xing)業(ye)內唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)企業(ye)標準——《干(gan)式交(jiao)流負載(zai)》。此次展會(hui)，將為公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)提供一(yi)(yi)(yi)個良好的(de)推廣平(ping)(ping)臺。
推車(che)啟(qi)動充(chong)電機方法及原理
在(zai)筆者還(huan)(huan)是新(xin)手的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次尷尬的(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷(li)至今讓我記憶猶(you)新(xin)。那(nei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)我拿本的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)長，對車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解也(ye)比較有(you)限(xian)。有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)回(hui)(hui)開(kai)著(zhu)單位老(lao)(lao)(lao)斯柯達(da)弗雷西亞(ya)出(chu)(chu)門辦(ban)事(shi)，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)值夏天，一(yi)(yi)(yi)路開(kai)著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)。在(zai)出(chu)(chu)城以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路上，停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)怠(dai)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)看(kan)見(jian)儀表上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)燈(deng)(deng)老(lao)(lao)(lao)亮(liang)，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)些納悶，但也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)太(tai)當(dang)回(hui)(hui)事(shi)。出(chu)(chu)城以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路高速倒(dao)也(ye)無事(shi)，到達(da)旅(lv)館以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)天已經黑(hei)了(le)(le)。第二天早上起來(lai)(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)車(che)(che)(che)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)不(bu)對，好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)燈(deng)(deng)沒(mei)(mei)關(guan)，再(zai)(zai)進入(ru)車(che)(che)(che)內一(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)，音響也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)關(guan)。自(zi)覺(jue)慚愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)暗暗慶幸別(bie)人(ren)沒(mei)(mei)看(kan)見(jian)，趕緊(jin)關(guan)了(le)(le)這(zhe)些設備準備開(kai)車(che)(che)(che)走人(ren)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)擰鑰(yao)匙門發(fa)(fa)現(xian)壞了(le)(le)，只聽著(zhu)啟(qi)動機響了(le)(le)兩(liang)下就(jiu)不(bu)再(zai)(zai)動了(le)(le)。怎(zen)(zen)么(me)回(hui)(hui)事(shi)？好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)子沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)(mei)辦(ban)法，只好(hao)打電(dian)(dian)話回(hui)(hui)單位問(wen)(wen)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機怎(zen)(zen)么(me)辦(ban)。為了(le)(le)解決問(wen)(wen)題，所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)肯(ken)定是“老(lao)(lao)(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽就(jiu)知(zhi)道：得了(le)(le)，肯(ken)定是電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，這(zhe)破車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)和音響都是后(hou)(hou)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，加(jia)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)(mei)換發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機，加(jia)上這(zhe)個發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機本來(lai)(lai)就(jiu)有(you)點問(wen)(wen)題，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)就(jiu)會(hui)虧電(dian)(dian)。加(jia)上一(yi)(yi)(yi)宿(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)燈(deng)(deng)和音響，電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)肯(ken)定是沒(mei)(mei)戲了(le)(le)。那(nei)怎(zen)(zen)么(me)辦(ban)？老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)主(zhu)意：找個車(che)(che)(che)搭電(dian)(dian)試試。這(zhe)背井離(li)鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)，上哪找這(zhe)車(che)(che)(che)去？就(jiu)算有(you)人(ren)愿意幫忙，也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)搭線啊？這(zhe)著(zhu)肯(ken)定不(bu)行。最后(hou)(hou)老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機說，還(huan)(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)辦(ban)法，就(jiu)是找人(ren)幫你推，或許能(neng)推著(zhu)。于(yu)是我按照老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)說法，找了(le)(le)幾個保安幫忙，終(zhong)于(yu)將車(che)(che)(che)發(fa)(fa)動起來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)……
這(zhe)段經歷讓我至(zhi)今難忘(wang)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)徹底讓我明白了(le)車(che)是可以推著(zhu)的(de)。那車(che)輛(liang)推著(zhu)的(de)原(yuan)理是什(shen)么呢？車(che)輛(liang)到底應該如何推著(zhu)呢？隨著(zhu)對(dui)汽車(che)了(le)解的(de)深入，這(zhe)些原(yuan)理也(ye)(ye)(ye)逐步(bu)清晰，現就將(jiang)這(zhe)些體會和理解與大家分(fen)析，也(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)在這(zhe)方面(mian)還不了(le)解的(de)車(che)友一些幫(bang)助。
我們知道汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)點火(huo)方(fang)式是(shi)(shi)依靠(kao)火(huo)花塞的(de)高壓放點產生的(de)電弧(hu)引燃汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)，而(er)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則(ze)沒有(you)點火(huo)系統，完全依靠(kao)其(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)高壓縮比使柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)處于(yu)高溫高壓狀態，自行燃燒的(de)。由此，現在人(ren)們總是(shi)(shi)根據這個(ge)緣由對汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)產生了(le)誤(wu)解，會自然而(er)然地認(ren)為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)不能靠(kao)外(wai)(wai)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)來使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)，只有(you)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可以(yi)通過(guo)外(wai)(wai)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)可以(yi)運轉(zhuan)。其(qi)實這種看法并不完全正確，那么汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)到(dao)底(di)能不能像柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)那樣靠(kao)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺(tai)汽(qi)油(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)化油(you)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)油(you)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)供(gong)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)車(che)(che)輛將(jiang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)插入(ru)(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)孔后(hou)(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)時(shi)，第一檔都是(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)解鎖(suo)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)方向(xiang)盤(pan)才可(ke)以轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其(qi)后(hou)(hou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)至第二(er)擋(dang)，其(qi)作用(yong)是(shi)(shi)全車(che)(che)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，這時(shi)我(wo)們可(ke)以明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤(pan)上看到各(ge)種(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)點亮(liang)起，如機(ji)(ji)油(you)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)、冷(leng)卻(que)液指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)、制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)等，這意味著此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)處(chu)于(yu)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀態，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使(shi)(shi)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)得(de)到發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)后(hou)(hou)可(ke)以正(zheng)常進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)工(gong)作狀態，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)火花塞(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們知道此(ci)(ci)(ci)狀態下，由于(yu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)并沒(mei)有(you)運轉(zhuan)，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)沒(mei)有(you)工(gong)作，給整車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不是(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)而是(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)當(dang)鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)繼續向(xiang)下轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)控(kong)制啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)后(hou)(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)得(de)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)齒輪(lun)(lun)和飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)相嚙合，飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開(kai)始(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸和活塞(sai)(sai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當(dang)一個氣缸(gang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)到壓縮沖(chong)程末端時(shi)，曲(qu)軸位(wei)置傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)收到信號(hao)，傳遞給ECU，在(zai)(zai)ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制下，此(ci)(ci)(ci)氣缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞(sai)(sai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引(yin)燃混合氣，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)做功沖(chong)程。至此(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)怠速狀態，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程也就結束了，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)曲(qu)軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開(kai)始(shi)(shi)工(gong)作，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為(wei)(wei)全車(che)(che)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)也回到了第二(er)擋(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，維持(chi)全車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，使(shi)(shi)ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)作，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)機(ji)(ji)油(you)報警燈(deng)(deng)、冷(leng)卻(que)液指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)等都將(jiang)熄滅，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)也將(jiang)和飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)脫離(li)嚙合，以保護起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)。
我(wo)們(men)說(shuo)人們(men)普遍認為的(de)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)推(tui)著(zhu)的(de)，這種說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)，但又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全正確的(de)。我(wo)們(men)知道(dao)對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)現在車輛中采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作是(shi)(shi)(shi)要依(yi)(yi)靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花進(jin)行點火，依(yi)(yi)靠各(ge)個(ge)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)傳給ECU的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)控制(zhi)噴油(you)(you)和噴油(you)(you)量的(de)。從上(shang)面對整個(ge)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程的(de)簡述也不(bu)(bu)(bu)難看(kan)出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)，一(yi)旦失去(qu)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)將無(wu)法(fa)(fa)點火，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)正常工作。尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損壞(huai)沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量輸出，全車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)接(jie)通(tong)，ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)接(jie)通(tong)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)工作，而由于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路中沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)使起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作，這時(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)又(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)運轉，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)進(jin)入(ru)工作狀態，進(jin)而無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。從這方面來(lai)(lai)看(kan)，上(shang)面的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)道(dao)理的(de)。但在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)正常工作時(shi)，僅因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無(wu)法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以依(yi)(yi)靠外(wai)力推(tui)著(zhu)，這又(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為什么呢(ni)？
我們在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)汽車(che)時(shi)，只(zhi)(zhi)要接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可(ke)以(yi)采用推(tui)的(de)(de)方法使發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。從上(shang)面所說(shuo)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)原理看(kan)，其(qi)原因在(zai)于(yu)當(dang)全車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)后，發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)ECU和傳感(gan)器(qi)也(ye)處于(yu)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀態，能正常工作，火花塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也(ye)被(bei)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，此時(shi)只(zhi)(zhi)要曲(qu)(qu)軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通(tong)過皮帶輪與(yu)曲(qu)(qu)軸相(xiang)連的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)便(bian)開始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即(ji)刻(ke)便(bian)能為全車(che)進行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)傳感(gan)器(qi)檢測到曲(qu)(qu)軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，便(bian)開始給(gei)ECU信(xin)號，在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)下，ECU控制(zhi)噴(pen)油(you)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥在(zai)指(zhi)定氣缸(gang)內噴(pen)油(you)，火花塞進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，引(yin)燃(ran)混合(he)氣，至此實現(xian)了(le)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此過程(cheng)(cheng)實際(ji)上(shang)與(yu)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛(fei)輪啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)類似，只(zhi)(zhi)是這種方法避開了(le)刺(ci)激繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，由外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)向前運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸運(yun)轉(zhuan)取代起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸運(yun)轉(zhuan)。
至此，我們了解到(dao)對于一臺汽油機(ji)(ji)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的汽車(che)來說，只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)全(quan)車(che)電(dian)路能(neng)接(jie)通，ECU和傳(chuan)感器能(neng)工作，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)就可以被推(tui)著。要(yao)(yao)(yao)知道，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)被帶動(dong)(dong)以后，發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)也(ye)會(hui)同時產生電(dian)能(neng)，而火花塞(sai)點火是(shi)瞬間點火，它需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的電(dian)能(neng)其實并(bing)不大，因此只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)沒損(sun)壞(huai)，即使電(dian)瓶完全(quan)沒有點，車(che)輛也(ye)是(shi)可以推(tui)著的。
我(wo)們在推著發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)時候(hou)要(yao)注意(yi)些什(shen)么(me)(me)呢？首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)想推著一(yi)(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)車(che)輛，要(yao)先(xian)確(que)定其變速箱(xiang)(xiang)是手動(dong)(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)，這是極為重要(yao)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)，對于(yu)配備自動(dong)(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)汽油電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)車(che)輛來說，由于(yu)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)變速箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)結構特(te)性，無論(lun)采取什(shen)么(me)(me)辦(ban)法(fa)都是無法(fa)將(jiang)其推著的(de)(de)。其次，要(yao)推著一(yi)(yi)部汽車(che)也要(yao)先(xian)確(que)定發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)必須是可以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，否則即使靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)殘余電(dian)(dian)能點(dian)火成功，運轉的(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)馬(ma)上(shang)又會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)重歸熄(xi)火。
具備這些條件才可(ke)采(cai)用推(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)方法應(ying)急(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在推(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，首先將鑰匙門(men)擰(ning)到2擋，讓全車(che)電路(lu)接通，ECU和傳(chuan)感器進(jin)(jin)入工作狀態時(shi)，掛入前(qian)進(jin)(jin)檔(dang)后，踩住離(li)合器踏(ta)板不能(neng)松開，這時(shi)將車(che)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一定速度(du)后，松開離(li)合器踏(ta)板，讓車(che)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通過(guo)(guo)上(shang)面我們(men)介紹(shao)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就可(ke)以(yi)正(zheng)常運(yun)轉(zhuan)了，同時(shi)發(fa)電機(ji)也(ye)開始為電瓶進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電了。需要主意的(de)(de)是，我們(men)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)掛入的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)擋應(ying)該是2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)不能(neng)采(cai)用1檔(dang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)，原因(yin)是由于1檔(dang)的(de)(de)扭矩(ju)較(jiao)大(da)，其傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式是大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)大(da)，而(er)在1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，則與正(zheng)常行(xing)(xing)駛狀態相反，是小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)，從(cong)杠桿原理上(shang)講，小(xiao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)運(yun)轉(zhuan)阻力是相當大(da)的(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)我們(men)推(tui)(tui)(tui)是極為困(kun)難的(de)(de)。而(er)采(cai)用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，其齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較(jiao)小(xiao)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)車(che)更為容(rong)易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能電器設(she)備有限公司(si)始建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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