大功率高壓充電機組智能技術
2019/4/11 14:46:52??????點擊：
2014中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際數據中(zhong)心技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設備展(zhan)覽(lan)將(jiang)于4月8-10日(ri)在(zai)上海新國(guo)(guo)際博覽(lan)中(zhong)心召開，在(zai)亞洲(zhou)最大的(de)展(zhan)館舉辦及國(guo)(guo)際展(zhan)覽(lan)公(gong)司(si)加盟將(jiang)會(hui)使2014中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際數據中(zhong)心技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設備展(zhan)覽(lan)會(hui)更精彩(cai)。
大功率高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)交流/直(zhi)流負載(zai)是公司近兩(liang)年(nian)推出的(de)重(zhong)點產品，主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組的(de)日常(chang)檢(jian)測及(ji)維(wei)護(hu)。該(gai)負載(zai)融(rong)合了公司最(zui)先進的(de)負載(zai)技術(shu)，將集“常(chang)規負載(zai)柜”與“降(jiang)壓(ya)變壓(ya)器(qi)”所(suo)有功能(neng)(neng)于(yu)一體，直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入(ru)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組，既可以完成中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組的(de)靜態(tai)、整定(ding)、波(bo)動、突加、突卸(xie)、諧波(bo)分析等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)要測試，使用(yong)方便(bian)，極(ji)大降(jiang)低了用(yong)戶資金(jin)投入(ru)。日前(qian)，該(gai)設備(bei)已廣(guang)泛應用(yong)于(yu)全球范圍內的(de)數據中心、應急/后備(bei)電(dian)(dian)源、通訊、電(dian)(dian)力、軍隊、航天(tian)、科(ke)研院所(suo)、船(chuan)舶、海洋平臺、鐵路、油田、工(gong)礦(kuang)、金(jin)融(rong)、高(gao)(gao)校等(deng)(deng)領(ling)域。
作為國(guo)內起(qi)步較(jiao)早的(de)數據中心應急/后(hou)備(bei)電源(yuan)檢(jian)測設(she)備(bei)研發(fa)、生(sheng)產廠家，北京(jing)玉新連城有限公司(si)一直走在行(xing)業(ye)(ye)前列。2009年，公司(si)自主(zhu)研發(fa)制造的(de)“大(da)功率干(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載柜”榮(rong)獲(huo)中國(guo)國(guo)際專利與品牌博(bo)覽會金(jin)獎；2010年，大(da)功率干(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載柜順利通過河北省科技(ji)廳技(ji)術(shu)鑒定，整體(ti)技(ji)術(shu)水平達“國(guo)際先進”；同年，公司(si)起(qi)草并備(bei)案了行(xing)業(ye)(ye)內唯一企業(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)——《干(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載》。此(ci)次展會，將為公司(si)提供一個良好(hao)的(de)推(tui)廣平臺。
推(tui)車啟(qi)動充電機方(fang)法(fa)及原理
在筆者(zhe)還(huan)是新手的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候，有(you)一(yi)(yi)次尷尬的(de)(de)(de)經歷至今讓我(wo)(wo)記(ji)憶猶新。那(nei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)拿本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間不(bu)長(chang)，對車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解(jie)也(ye)(ye)比較有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)(yi)回開(kai)著單位老(lao)(lao)(lao)斯柯達弗雷西亞出門辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事(shi)，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正值夏天，一(yi)(yi)路(lu)開(kai)著空(kong)(kong)調(diao)。在出城(cheng)以前的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)上(shang)，停車(che)(che)(che)怠速(su)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)看見儀(yi)表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶燈老(lao)(lao)(lao)亮，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)些納悶，但也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)太當回事(shi)。出城(cheng)以后一(yi)(yi)路(lu)高(gao)速(su)倒也(ye)(ye)無事(shi)，到達旅館以后天已經黑了(le)(le)。第(di)二天早上(shang)起來一(yi)(yi)看車(che)(che)(che)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)不(bu)對，好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)燈沒(mei)關(guan)，再進(jin)入車(che)(che)(che)內一(yi)(yi)看，音(yin)(yin)響(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)關(guan)。自覺慚愧的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)暗暗慶幸(xing)別人沒(mei)看見，趕緊關(guan)了(le)(le)這些設(she)備準備開(kai)車(che)(che)(che)走人。一(yi)(yi)擰鑰匙門發(fa)(fa)現(xian)壞了(le)(le)，只聽(ting)著啟(qi)動機(ji)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)再動了(le)(le)。怎么(me)(me)回事(shi)？好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)子沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)，只好(hao)打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)回單位問老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)怎么(me)(me)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)。為了(le)(le)解(jie)決問題，所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況肯(ken)定(ding)是“老(lao)(lao)(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)一(yi)(yi)聽(ting)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)知道：得了(le)(le)，肯(ken)定(ding)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，這破車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)和音(yin)(yin)響(xiang)(xiang)都是后加的(de)(de)(de)，加空(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)換發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，加上(shang)這個發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)本(ben)來就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)點(dian)問題，所以一(yi)(yi)開(kai)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。加上(shang)一(yi)(yi)宿(su)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)燈和音(yin)(yin)響(xiang)(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶肯(ken)定(ding)是沒(mei)戲了(le)(le)。那(nei)怎么(me)(me)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)？老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)出了(le)(le)主意：找個車(che)(che)(che)搭電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)試(shi)。這背井離(li)鄉的(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)哪找這車(che)(che)(che)去？就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)算有(you)人愿意幫(bang)忙，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)搭線啊？這著肯(ken)定(ding)不(bu)行。最(zui)后老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)說(shuo)(shuo)，還(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是找人幫(bang)你推，或許能推著。于是我(wo)(wo)按照老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)，找了(le)(le)幾個保安(an)幫(bang)忙，終(zhong)于將(jiang)車(che)(che)(che)發(fa)(fa)動起來了(le)(le)……
這段經歷讓(rang)我(wo)至今難(nan)忘，也(ye)徹底(di)讓(rang)我(wo)明白了車是可以推著的(de)。那車輛(liang)推著的(de)原(yuan)理是什么呢(ni)？車輛(liang)到底(di)應該如(ru)何推著呢(ni)？隨(sui)著對汽車了解的(de)深入，這些(xie)(xie)原(yuan)理也(ye)逐步清晰，現就將這些(xie)(xie)體會(hui)和理解與(yu)大家分析，也(ye)對在這方面還不了解的(de)車友一些(xie)(xie)幫(bang)助。
我們(men)知道汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)點(dian)(dian)火(huo)方式是(shi)依靠火(huo)花(hua)塞的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)放(fang)點(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)弧引燃汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油的(de)，而柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則沒有(you)點(dian)(dian)火(huo)系統，完(wan)全(quan)依靠其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)縮比使(shi)柴(chai)油處(chu)于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)狀態，自(zi)行燃燒(shao)的(de)。由(you)(you)此，現在(zai)人們(men)總是(shi)根(gen)據這(zhe)個緣由(you)(you)對汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)產(chan)生(sheng)了誤(wu)解，會自(zi)然而然地(di)認為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不能(neng)靠外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車來(lai)使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉的(de)，只有(you)柴(chai)油機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)通過外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)可(ke)以(yi)運轉。其(qi)(qi)實這(zhe)種看法并不完(wan)全(quan)正確，那(nei)么汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)到底(di)能(neng)不能(neng)像柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)那(nei)樣靠推(tui)動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)無論是(shi)(shi)化油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)(you)(you)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，在我(wo)們(men)進入(ru)車輛將(jiang)(jiang)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙插入(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙孔后(hou)(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙時(shi)，第(di)一(yi)檔都(dou)是(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤解鎖，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)方向(xiang)盤才可以(yi)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后(hou)(hou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙至第(di)二(er)擋(dang)，其作用是(shi)(shi)全車通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)時(shi)我(wo)們(men)可以(yi)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤上(shang)看到(dao)各(ge)種指示燈(deng)點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)指示燈(deng)、冷卻液指示燈(deng)、制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)指示燈(deng)等，這(zhe)意味著此(ci)(ci)時(shi)全車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)處于(yu)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，使其在得到(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)后(hou)(hou)可以(yi)正常進入(ru)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)火花塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們(men)知道此(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下，由于(yu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒有(you)運轉，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有(you)工(gong)作，給整車供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不是(shi)(shi)車上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)是(shi)(shi)車載的(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)當鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙繼續向(xiang)下轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)控制啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)后(hou)(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)和飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)相(xiang)嚙合，飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進而(er)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)和活(huo)塞(sai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當一(yi)個氣缸進入(ru)到(dao)壓縮沖程末端時(shi)，曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)位置傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)到(dao)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，傳遞(di)給ECU，在ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制下，此(ci)(ci)氣缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞(sai)進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃(ran)混合氣，進入(ru)做功沖程。至此(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)進入(ru)怠(dai)速狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程也(ye)就結束了(le)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)工(gong)作，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為(wei)全車供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙也(ye)回到(dao)了(le)第(di)二(er)擋(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，維(wei)持全車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，使ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能正常工(gong)作，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)報警燈(deng)、冷卻液指示燈(deng)等都(dou)將(jiang)(jiang)熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)也(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)和飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)脫離嚙合，以(yi)保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。
我們(men)說(shuo)人們(men)普(pu)遍認為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)推著的(de)(de)(de)，這種說(shuo)法有其依(yi)據，但又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全(quan)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)知(zhi)道對(dui)于(yu)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)在(zai)車(che)輛中采用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，其發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花(hua)進(jin)(jin)行點火，依(yi)靠(kao)各個(ge)傳感器傳給ECU的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制噴油和噴油量的(de)(de)(de)。從(cong)上面(mian)對(dui)整個(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程的(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)述也不(bu)(bu)(bu)難(nan)看出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)于(yu)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)，一旦失去(qu)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將(jiang)無法點火，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損壞(huai)沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量輸出，全(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)無法接(jie)通，主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器無法接(jie)通，ECU和各傳感器不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)接(jie)通無法工(gong)作，而(er)由(you)于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)中沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)使起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，這時(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又(you)沒有運轉(zhuan)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)入工(gong)作狀態(tai)，進(jin)(jin)而(er)無法啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從(cong)這方面(mian)來看，上面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法還是(shi)(shi)(shi)有其道理的(de)(de)(de)。但在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作時(shi)，僅因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無法啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以依(yi)靠(kao)外力推著，這又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)什么呢？
我們在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)量不足的電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)汽(qi)車時(shi)，只要(yao)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)全車電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)器，可以采用推的方法使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。從上(shang)面所說的發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的原理看，其原因在于當全車電(dian)(dian)路(lu)及主繼電(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的ECU和(he)(he)傳感(gan)(gan)器也處于接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，能正常工作，火花(hua)塞(sai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)也被接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)只要(yao)曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)皮(pi)帶輪(lun)與曲(qu)軸(zhou)相(xiang)連的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)便(bian)開始轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便(bian)能為全車進行供電(dian)(dian)，當傳感(gan)(gan)器檢測到曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，便(bian)開始給ECU信號，在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的供電(dian)(dian)下，ECU控(kong)制噴油(you)(you)器的電(dian)(dian)磁閥在指(zhi)定氣缸(gang)內噴油(you)(you)，火花(hua)塞(sai)進行放電(dian)(dian)，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)(ci)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)(ci)過(guo)程(cheng)實(shi)際上(shang)與起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪(lun)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的過(guo)程(cheng)類(lei)似(si)，只是(shi)這種方法避開了(le)刺激繼電(dian)(dian)器和(he)(he)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，由(you)外力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車向(xiang)前運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)取代起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。
至此，我(wo)們了解到(dao)對于一臺汽油機(ji)發(fa)動機(ji)的(de)汽車來說，只要(yao)全車電(dian)路能接通，ECU和傳(chuan)感器能工作，發(fa)動機(ji)就可以(yi)被推著。要(yao)知(zhi)道，發(fa)動機(ji)被帶動以(yi)后(hou)，發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)也會同時產生(sheng)電(dian)能，而火花塞點火是(shi)瞬間點火，它需要(yao)的(de)電(dian)能其實并(bing)不大，因此只要(yao)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)沒損壞，即(ji)使電(dian)瓶(ping)完全沒有點，車輛也是(shi)可以(yi)推著的(de)。
我們在推(tui)著發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)時(shi)候要(yao)(yao)注意些什(shen)么呢？首先要(yao)(yao)想推(tui)著一(yi)臺電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)車(che)(che)輛(liang)，要(yao)(yao)先確定(ding)其(qi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)是(shi)(shi)手動(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)，這是(shi)(shi)極為重要(yao)(yao)的(de)一(yi)點，對(dui)于配備自動(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)的(de)汽油電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)車(che)(che)輛(liang)來說，由于自動(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)的(de)結構特性，無(wu)論采取(qu)什(shen)么辦法(fa)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)法(fa)將其(qi)推(tui)著的(de)。其(qi)次，要(yao)(yao)推(tui)著一(yi)部汽車(che)(che)也(ye)要(yao)(yao)先確定(ding)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)必須是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)，否則即使靠(kao)電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)殘余電(dian)能點火成(cheng)功，運轉(zhuan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)馬上(shang)又會將電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)電(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)重歸(gui)熄火。
具備這些(xie)條件(jian)才可采(cai)用推(tui)(tui)的方(fang)法應(ying)急啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在推(tui)(tui)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰(yao)匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全(quan)車(che)電(dian)路接通(tong)，ECU和傳感器(qi)進(jin)入工作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態時(shi)，掛入前(qian)(qian)進(jin)檔(dang)后，踩(cai)住離(li)合器(qi)踏板不能松(song)開(kai)，這時(shi)將車(che)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一定速(su)度后，松(song)開(kai)離(li)合器(qi)踏板，讓車(che)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通(tong)過(guo)上(shang)面(mian)我(wo)(wo)們(men)介紹(shao)的過(guo)程，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就(jiu)可以正(zheng)常(chang)運轉(zhuan)了，同時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)也(ye)開(kai)始為電(dian)瓶進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)了。需要主(zhu)意的是(shi)(shi)(shi)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)推(tui)(tui)車(che)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)掛入的前(qian)(qian)進(jin)擋(dang)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之(zhi)所以不能采(cai)用1檔(dang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)推(tui)(tui)車(che)，原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于1檔(dang)的扭(niu)矩(ju)較大，其傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)大齒(chi)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)輪的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式，齒(chi)輪的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較大，而在1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，則(ze)與(yu)正(zheng)常(chang)行(xing)(xing)駛狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態相反，是(shi)(shi)(shi)小齒(chi)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)輪，從杠桿原理上(shang)講(jiang)，小齒(chi)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)輪運轉(zhuan)阻力(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相當大的，所以我(wo)(wo)們(men)推(tui)(tui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)極為困難的。而采(cai)用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，其齒(chi)輪的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較小，推(tui)(tui)車(che)更(geng)為容(rong)易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能電器設備有限公司(si)始建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
大功率高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)交流/直(zhi)流負載(zai)是公司近兩(liang)年(nian)推出的(de)重(zhong)點產品，主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組的(de)日常(chang)檢(jian)測及(ji)維(wei)護(hu)。該(gai)負載(zai)融(rong)合了公司最(zui)先進的(de)負載(zai)技術(shu)，將集“常(chang)規負載(zai)柜”與“降(jiang)壓(ya)變壓(ya)器(qi)”所(suo)有功能(neng)(neng)于(yu)一體，直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入(ru)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組，既可以完成中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組的(de)靜態(tai)、整定(ding)、波(bo)動、突加、突卸(xie)、諧波(bo)分析等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)要測試，使用(yong)方便(bian)，極(ji)大降(jiang)低了用(yong)戶資金(jin)投入(ru)。日前(qian)，該(gai)設備(bei)已廣(guang)泛應用(yong)于(yu)全球范圍內的(de)數據中心、應急/后備(bei)電(dian)(dian)源、通訊、電(dian)(dian)力、軍隊、航天(tian)、科(ke)研院所(suo)、船(chuan)舶、海洋平臺、鐵路、油田、工(gong)礦(kuang)、金(jin)融(rong)、高(gao)(gao)校等(deng)(deng)領(ling)域。
作為國(guo)內起(qi)步較(jiao)早的(de)數據中心應急/后(hou)備(bei)電源(yuan)檢(jian)測設(she)備(bei)研發(fa)、生(sheng)產廠家，北京(jing)玉新連城有限公司(si)一直走在行(xing)業(ye)(ye)前列。2009年，公司(si)自主(zhu)研發(fa)制造的(de)“大(da)功率干(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載柜”榮(rong)獲(huo)中國(guo)國(guo)際專利與品牌博(bo)覽會金(jin)獎；2010年，大(da)功率干(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載柜順利通過河北省科技(ji)廳技(ji)術(shu)鑒定，整體(ti)技(ji)術(shu)水平達“國(guo)際先進”；同年，公司(si)起(qi)草并備(bei)案了行(xing)業(ye)(ye)內唯一企業(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)——《干(gan)式(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流負(fu)載》。此(ci)次展會，將為公司(si)提供一個良好(hao)的(de)推(tui)廣平臺。
推(tui)車啟(qi)動充電機方(fang)法(fa)及原理
在筆者(zhe)還(huan)是新手的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候，有(you)一(yi)(yi)次尷尬的(de)(de)(de)經歷至今讓我(wo)(wo)記(ji)憶猶新。那(nei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)拿本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間不(bu)長(chang)，對車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解(jie)也(ye)(ye)比較有(you)限。有(you)一(yi)(yi)回開(kai)著單位老(lao)(lao)(lao)斯柯達弗雷西亞出門辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事(shi)，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正值夏天，一(yi)(yi)路(lu)開(kai)著空(kong)(kong)調(diao)。在出城(cheng)以前的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)上(shang)，停車(che)(che)(che)怠速(su)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)看見儀(yi)表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶燈老(lao)(lao)(lao)亮，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)些納悶，但也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)太當回事(shi)。出城(cheng)以后一(yi)(yi)路(lu)高(gao)速(su)倒也(ye)(ye)無事(shi)，到達旅館以后天已經黑了(le)(le)。第(di)二天早上(shang)起來一(yi)(yi)看車(che)(che)(che)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)不(bu)對，好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)燈沒(mei)關(guan)，再進(jin)入車(che)(che)(che)內一(yi)(yi)看，音(yin)(yin)響(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)關(guan)。自覺慚愧的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)暗暗慶幸(xing)別人沒(mei)看見，趕緊關(guan)了(le)(le)這些設(she)備準備開(kai)車(che)(che)(che)走人。一(yi)(yi)擰鑰匙門發(fa)(fa)現(xian)壞了(le)(le)，只聽(ting)著啟(qi)動機(ji)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)(le)兩下就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)再動了(le)(le)。怎么(me)(me)回事(shi)？好(hao)像車(che)(che)(che)子沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)？沒(mei)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)，只好(hao)打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)回單位問老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)怎么(me)(me)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)。為了(le)(le)解(jie)決問題，所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況肯(ken)定(ding)是“老(lao)(lao)(lao)實交代”了(le)(le)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)一(yi)(yi)聽(ting)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)知道：得了(le)(le)，肯(ken)定(ding)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，這破車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)和音(yin)(yin)響(xiang)(xiang)都是后加的(de)(de)(de)，加空(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候沒(mei)換發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，加上(shang)這個發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)本(ben)來就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)點(dian)問題，所以一(yi)(yi)開(kai)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。加上(shang)一(yi)(yi)宿(su)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)燈和音(yin)(yin)響(xiang)(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶肯(ken)定(ding)是沒(mei)戲了(le)(le)。那(nei)怎么(me)(me)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)？老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)出了(le)(le)主意：找個車(che)(che)(che)搭電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)試(shi)。這背井離(li)鄉的(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)哪找這車(che)(che)(che)去？就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)算有(you)人愿意幫(bang)忙，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)搭線啊？這著肯(ken)定(ding)不(bu)行。最(zui)后老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)說(shuo)(shuo)，還(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是找人幫(bang)你推，或許能推著。于是我(wo)(wo)按照老(lao)(lao)(lao)司(si)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)，找了(le)(le)幾個保安(an)幫(bang)忙，終(zhong)于將(jiang)車(che)(che)(che)發(fa)(fa)動起來了(le)(le)……
這段經歷讓(rang)我(wo)至今難(nan)忘，也(ye)徹底(di)讓(rang)我(wo)明白了車是可以推著的(de)。那車輛(liang)推著的(de)原(yuan)理是什么呢(ni)？車輛(liang)到底(di)應該如(ru)何推著呢(ni)？隨(sui)著對汽車了解的(de)深入，這些(xie)(xie)原(yuan)理也(ye)逐步清晰，現就將這些(xie)(xie)體會(hui)和理解與(yu)大家分析，也(ye)對在這方面還不了解的(de)車友一些(xie)(xie)幫(bang)助。
我們(men)知道汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)點(dian)(dian)火(huo)方式是(shi)依靠火(huo)花(hua)塞的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)放(fang)點(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)弧引燃汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油的(de)，而柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則沒有(you)點(dian)(dian)火(huo)系統，完(wan)全(quan)依靠其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)縮比使(shi)柴(chai)油處(chu)于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)狀態，自(zi)行燃燒(shao)的(de)。由(you)(you)此，現在(zai)人們(men)總是(shi)根(gen)據這(zhe)個緣由(you)(you)對汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)產(chan)生(sheng)了誤(wu)解，會自(zi)然而然地(di)認為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)不能(neng)靠外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車來(lai)使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉的(de)，只有(you)柴(chai)油機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)通過外力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)可(ke)以(yi)運轉。其(qi)(qi)實這(zhe)種看法并不完(wan)全(quan)正確，那(nei)么汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)到底(di)能(neng)不能(neng)像柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)那(nei)樣靠推(tui)動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作呢？
要啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)臺汽油(you)(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)無論是(shi)(shi)化油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子噴油(you)(you)(you)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，在我(wo)們(men)進入(ru)車輛將(jiang)(jiang)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙插入(ru)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙孔后(hou)(hou)，扭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙時(shi)，第(di)一(yi)檔都(dou)是(shi)(shi)方向(xiang)盤解鎖，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)方向(xiang)盤才可以(yi)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其后(hou)(hou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙至第(di)二(er)擋(dang)，其作用是(shi)(shi)全車通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)時(shi)我(wo)們(men)可以(yi)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)從儀表盤上(shang)看到(dao)各(ge)種指示燈(deng)點亮起(qi)，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)指示燈(deng)、冷卻液指示燈(deng)、制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)指示燈(deng)等，這(zhe)意味著此(ci)(ci)時(shi)全車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)處于(yu)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，使其在得到(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)后(hou)(hou)可以(yi)正常進入(ru)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)火花塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們(men)知道此(ci)(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下，由于(yu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)并沒有(you)運轉，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有(you)工(gong)作，給整車供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不是(shi)(shi)車上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)是(shi)(shi)車載的(de)(de)(de)(de)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)當鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙繼續向(xiang)下轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸點接(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它是(shi)(shi)控制啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)后(hou)(hou)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)和飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)相(xiang)嚙合，飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進而(er)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)和活(huo)塞(sai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，當一(yi)個氣缸進入(ru)到(dao)壓縮沖程末端時(shi)，曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)位置傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)到(dao)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，傳遞(di)給ECU，在ECU的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制下，此(ci)(ci)氣缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)火花塞(sai)進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引燃(ran)混合氣，進入(ru)做功沖程。至此(ci)(ci)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)進入(ru)怠(dai)速狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程也(ye)就結束了(le)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在曲(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下開始(shi)工(gong)作，取代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)為(wei)全車供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鑰(yao)(yao)(yao)匙也(ye)回到(dao)了(le)第(di)二(er)擋(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，維(wei)持全車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)，使ECU和各(ge)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能正常工(gong)作，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)報警燈(deng)、冷卻液指示燈(deng)等都(dou)將(jiang)(jiang)熄滅，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)也(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)和飛(fei)輪(lun)(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)脫離嚙合，以(yi)保護起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。
我們(men)說(shuo)人們(men)普(pu)遍認為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)推著的(de)(de)(de)，這種說(shuo)法有其依(yi)據，但又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全(quan)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)知(zhi)道對(dui)于(yu)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)在(zai)車(che)輛中采用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，其發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花(hua)進(jin)(jin)行點火，依(yi)靠(kao)各個(ge)傳感器傳給ECU的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號控制噴油和噴油量的(de)(de)(de)。從(cong)上面(mian)對(dui)整個(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程的(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)述也不(bu)(bu)(bu)難(nan)看出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)于(yu)汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)，一旦失去(qu)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將(jiang)無法點火，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損壞(huai)沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量輸出，全(quan)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)無法接(jie)通，主繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器無法接(jie)通，ECU和各傳感器不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)接(jie)通無法工(gong)作，而(er)由(you)于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)中沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)使起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，這時(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又(you)沒有運轉(zhuan)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)入工(gong)作狀態(tai)，進(jin)(jin)而(er)無法啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。從(cong)這方面(mian)來看，上面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法還是(shi)(shi)(shi)有其道理的(de)(de)(de)。但在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作時(shi)，僅因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足無法啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，汽(qi)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以依(yi)靠(kao)外力推著，這又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)什么呢？
我們在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一臺電(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)量不足的電(dian)(dian)噴發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)汽(qi)車時(shi)，只要(yao)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)了(le)全車電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，接(jie)通(tong)(tong)主繼電(dian)(dian)器，可以采用推的方法使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。從上(shang)面所說的發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的原理看，其原因在于當全車電(dian)(dian)路(lu)及主繼電(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通(tong)(tong)后，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的ECU和(he)(he)傳感(gan)(gan)器也處于接(jie)通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)，能正常工作，火花(hua)塞(sai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)也被接(jie)通(tong)(tong)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)只要(yao)曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)皮(pi)帶輪(lun)與曲(qu)軸(zhou)相(xiang)連的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)便(bian)開始轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即刻便(bian)能為全車進行供電(dian)(dian)，當傳感(gan)(gan)器檢測到曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，便(bian)開始給ECU信號，在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的供電(dian)(dian)下，ECU控(kong)制噴油(you)(you)器的電(dian)(dian)磁閥在指(zhi)定氣缸(gang)內噴油(you)(you)，火花(hua)塞(sai)進行放電(dian)(dian)，引燃混合氣，至此(ci)(ci)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)(ci)過(guo)程(cheng)實(shi)際上(shang)與起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪(lun)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的過(guo)程(cheng)類(lei)似(si)，只是(shi)這種方法避開了(le)刺激繼電(dian)(dian)器和(he)(he)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，由(you)外力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車向(xiang)前運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)取代起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。
至此，我(wo)們了解到(dao)對于一臺汽油機(ji)發(fa)動機(ji)的(de)汽車來說，只要(yao)全車電(dian)路能接通，ECU和傳(chuan)感器能工作，發(fa)動機(ji)就可以(yi)被推著。要(yao)知(zhi)道，發(fa)動機(ji)被帶動以(yi)后(hou)，發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)也會同時產生(sheng)電(dian)能，而火花塞點火是(shi)瞬間點火，它需要(yao)的(de)電(dian)能其實并(bing)不大，因此只要(yao)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)沒損壞，即(ji)使電(dian)瓶(ping)完全沒有點，車輛也是(shi)可以(yi)推著的(de)。
我們在推(tui)著發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)時(shi)候要(yao)(yao)注意些什(shen)么呢？首先要(yao)(yao)想推(tui)著一(yi)臺電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)車(che)(che)輛(liang)，要(yao)(yao)先確定(ding)其(qi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)是(shi)(shi)手動(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)，這是(shi)(shi)極為重要(yao)(yao)的(de)一(yi)點，對(dui)于配備自動(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)的(de)汽油電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)車(che)(che)輛(liang)來說，由于自動(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)的(de)結構特性，無(wu)論采取(qu)什(shen)么辦法(fa)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)法(fa)將其(qi)推(tui)著的(de)。其(qi)次，要(yao)(yao)推(tui)著一(yi)部汽車(che)(che)也(ye)要(yao)(yao)先確定(ding)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)必須是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)，否則即使靠(kao)電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)殘余電(dian)能點火成(cheng)功，運轉(zhuan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)馬上(shang)又會將電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)電(dian)量消耗光，發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)重歸(gui)熄火。
具備這些(xie)條件(jian)才可采(cai)用推(tui)(tui)的方(fang)法應(ying)急啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。在推(tui)(tui)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)，首先(xian)將鑰(yao)匙門擰到2擋(dang)，讓全(quan)車(che)電(dian)路接通(tong)，ECU和傳感器(qi)進(jin)入工作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態時(shi)，掛入前(qian)(qian)進(jin)檔(dang)后，踩(cai)住離(li)合器(qi)踏板不能松(song)開(kai)，這時(shi)將車(che)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一定速(su)度后，松(song)開(kai)離(li)合器(qi)踏板，讓車(che)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這樣通(tong)過(guo)上(shang)面(mian)我(wo)(wo)們(men)介紹(shao)的過(guo)程，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)就(jiu)可以正(zheng)常(chang)運轉(zhuan)了，同時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)也(ye)開(kai)始為電(dian)瓶進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)了。需要主(zhu)意的是(shi)(shi)(shi)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)推(tui)(tui)車(che)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)掛入的前(qian)(qian)進(jin)擋(dang)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)。之(zhi)所以不能采(cai)用1檔(dang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)推(tui)(tui)車(che)，原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于1檔(dang)的扭(niu)矩(ju)較大，其傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)大齒(chi)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小齒(chi)輪的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式，齒(chi)輪的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較大，而在1檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，則(ze)與(yu)正(zheng)常(chang)行(xing)(xing)駛狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態相反，是(shi)(shi)(shi)小齒(chi)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)輪，從杠桿原理上(shang)講(jiang)，小齒(chi)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)大齒(chi)輪運轉(zhuan)阻力(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相當大的，所以我(wo)(wo)們(men)推(tui)(tui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)極為困難的。而采(cai)用2檔(dang)或3檔(dang)推(tui)(tui)車(che)時(shi)，其齒(chi)輪的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比較小，推(tui)(tui)車(che)更(geng)為容(rong)易。
知道這些原理和方法以后，對于一臺手動擋的車，如果是因為電瓶缺電導致的無法著車問題，就不用那么擔心了，只要有一兩個人，普通的家用轎車都能通過這種辦法應急。如果找不到推車的人，我們也可以考慮借助坡道等辦法，其原理和方法是一樣的。上海施能電器設備有限公司(si)始建于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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