UPS電源和EPS電源的區別
2020/5/18 9:24:11??????點擊：
隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)社(she)會安全(quan)(quan)意識的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)強，消防安全(quan)(quan)越(yue)來越(yue)被人們重(zhong)視(shi)。EPS以其特有的(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性得到(dao)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。同時，許(xu)多企(qi)業紛(fen)紛(fen)建立企(qi)業內部(bu)局(ju)域網(wang)(wang)，網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)化辦(ban)公正逐漸成為(wei)一種趨勢，UPS不間斷電(dian)源產(chan)業也(ye)得到(dao)了廣闊的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，其中，生產(chan)應(ying)急電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業在近十幾年中迅速增加(jia)。
為了(le)適應應急(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)迅速(su)發展的(de)(de)需要，國(guo)家相關(guan)(guan)部門(men)也陸續出臺了(le)諸(zhu)如《消防應急(ji)燈具》（GB17945-2000）、《不(bu)間斷電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)》（GB/T7260-187）、《信息技(ji)術設(she)備(bei)用不(bu)間斷電(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)用技(ji)術條件》（GB/T14715-1993）、《低壓直流電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)特性和安全要求(qiu)》（GB/T17478-1998）等相關(guan)(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)。
然而，應(ying)急電(dian)源設計與(yu)使用對(dui)電(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)而言還(huan)是一種比較新的(de)(de)技術(shu)，很多(duo)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)對(dui)EPS和UPS的(de)(de)區(qu)別與(yu)聯系并不清楚。將對(dui)UPS和EPS電(dian)源的(de)(de)區(qu)別進行介紹。
EPS電源簡介
EPS（EmergencySystem）是(shi)一種允許短時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)斷的應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)裝置(zhi)，主要(yao)針(zhen)對城市中(zhong)高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)筑中(zhong)的應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明、消防設施以及(ji)特(te)別重(zhong)要(yao)負荷，尤其在(zai)解(jie)決照明用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或只(zhi)有一路市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)缺少第二(er)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，代(dai)替發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)構成第二(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或在(zai)需要(yao)第三電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的場合使(shi)用(yong)時，能夠收(shou)到非常好的效果。EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)裝置(zhi)在(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡(luo)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，其應(ying)急(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統處(chu)于“睡眠”的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)浮狀態(tai)，只(zhi)有在(zai)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)狀態(tai)下才為負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)特點(dian)：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，EPS處于(yu)靜態，無(wu)噪音。有市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，噪音小于(yu)60db，不需排煙、防震處理，而且(qie)無(wu)公(gong)害、無(wu)火(huo)災隱患(huan)；市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，EPS可自(zi)動切換，實現(xian)無(wu)人值守。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相互切換的(de)時(shi)間均為0.1～0.25s。其帶(dai)載能(neng)力強(qiang)，適用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感性、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容性及綜合性負(fu)載的(de)設備(bei)，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯、水泵、風機、辦公(gong)自(zi)動化設備(bei)、應急(ji)照明等(deng)，而且(qie)使用(yong)可靠。
由于EPS在市(shi)電(dian)(dian)正常時處(chu)于“睡眠”狀態(tai)，只有市(shi)電(dian)(dian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)EPS才(cai)正式(shi)投入工作(zuo)，所以(yi)(yi)主機壽(shou)命很(hen)長，某些廠家生產的EPS電(dian)(dian)源壽(shou)命可達20年以(yi)(yi)上。EPS可以(yi)(yi)適應惡劣的環境，如地(di)下室(shi)、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)室(shi)甚(shen)至建筑豎井，也可以(yi)(yi)緊靠應急負荷使用場所就(jiu)地(di)設置(zhi)，減少(shao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)線路。
對(dui)于某些功率教大的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施，如：消防水泵、風機(ji)(ji)，EPS可(ke)直接與電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)相連變頻啟(qi)動(dong)后，再進入正常運行(xing)狀態，省去電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)軟啟(qi)動(dong)和控制箱等設置。標(biao)準型(xing)EPS應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)時間為1h（有(you)延時接口），可(ke)長可(ke)短，應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)范圍廣(guang)泛。綜上所述，EPS應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)一種可(ke)靠的(de)綠色應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，它非(fei)常適(shi)用(yong)于高層建筑消防設施沒(mei)有(you)第(di)二路市電(dian)(dian)(dian)，又不(bu)便使用(yong)柴油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)場合。
使用EPS應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)既可以滿足規范要求(qiu)，又節省了人力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)。同時，EPS電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)也適用于(yu)一些(xie)工程中的(de)局部重(zhong)要場合，作為末端應(ying)急(ji)備用電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。EPS電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)作為一種可靠的(de)應(ying)急(ji)供電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，可以靈活地運(yun)用于(yu)消防供電(dian)回路(lu)末端、個(ge)別重(zhong)要場合。EPS應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)使用，為消防安全提供了更(geng)有力(li)(li)的(de)保(bao)障。
UPS電源簡介
UPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem)不間斷電源，是一種含有儲能裝置，以逆變器為主要組成部分的恒壓、恒頻的不間斷電源。其主要作用是通過UPS系統，對計算機網絡系統或其他電力電子設備可靠而不間斷地進行供電。
當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)入正常時(shi)，UPS將市電(dian)(dian)(dian)穩壓后供給負(fu)載(zai)使用，此時(shi)，UPS的作(zuo)(zuo)用相當于一(yi)臺交(jiao)流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)穩壓器，同(tong)時(shi)它(ta)還向機內儲(chu)能(neng)部(bu)分(fen)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷（事故(gu)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)）時(shi)，UPS立即將機內存儲(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過逆變轉換的方(fang)法向負(fu)載(zai)繼(ji)續供應220V交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，使負(fu)載(zai)維持正常工作(zuo)(zuo)并保(bao)護負(fu)載(zai)軟、硬件不(bu)受損壞，使整(zheng)個(ge)網絡(luo)數據不(bu)會(hui)因斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)事故(gu)而(er)導(dao)致數據丟失。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)按(an)其工作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)可分(fen)為后備(bei)式、在(zai)線(xian)式以及在(zai)線(xian)互動式三(san)種。
后(hou)備式UPS：平時(shi)處(chu)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，在停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)逆變器緊急切換到工作(zuo)狀態(tai)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉變為穩(wen)定的(de)(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出(chu)，后(hou)備式UPS也被稱(cheng)為離線(xian)式UPS。后(hou)備式UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)優點是(shi)：運行效率(lv)高(gao)、噪音低、價格相對(dui)便(bian)宜，主要適用于市電(dian)(dian)(dian)波動小，對(dui)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量(liang)要求低的(de)(de)場(chang)合，比較(jiao)適合家(jia)庭使用。
然(ran)而這種UPS的(de)(de)切換時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)很短，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)介(jie)于2～10ms，而計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)本身的(de)(de)交換式(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)應器在斷電(dian)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)維持10ms左(zuo)右，所以個(ge)人計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會因為這個(ge)切換時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)而出現(xian)問題。因此不(bu)(bu)(bu)適合用(yong)在關(guan)鍵性的(de)(de)，供(gong)電(dian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能中斷的(de)(de)場所。后備式(shi)UPS一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)只能持續供(gong)電(dian)幾分(fen)鐘(zhong)到幾十分(fen)鐘(zhong)，主要是讓您(nin)有時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)備份數(shu)據(ju)，并盡快結束手頭工作，其(qi)價(jia)格(ge)也比較低(di)，比如個(ge)人家庭用(yong)戶，就(jiu)可(ke)配備小(xiao)功率的(de)(de)后備式(shi)UPS。
在(zai)線(xian)式UPS：這(zhe)種(zhong)UPS一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)其逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)處于(yu)工(gong)作狀態，首先通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路將外部交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，再通(tong)過(guo)高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)將直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)正弦波交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出給(gei)計算機(ji)。在(zai)線(xian)式UPS在(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況下的(de)(de)主要(yao)功(gong)能是(shi)穩壓及防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)波干擾。停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時則(ze)使(shi)用備用直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源（蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組）給(gei)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)作，不存在(zai)切換時間問題，因此(ci)適用于(yu)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源有嚴(yan)格(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)場合。
在線(xian)式UPS不同于后(hou)備式UPS，持續供電時(shi)間長，一般(ban)為幾個小時(shi)，甚至十幾個小時(shi)。它的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)功能是讓您在停電的(de)(de)情(qing)況下仍可(ke)像平常一樣工作。顯(xian)然，由(you)于其功能的(de)(de)特殊性，價格(ge)也(ye)明顯(xian)貴很多(duo)。比較適用于計算機、交通、銀行、證券、通信(xin)、醫療、工業控制等電源要(yao)(yao)求嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)行業。
在線互(hu)動(dong)式UPS：這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)種智能(neng)化的UPS，是(shi)指在市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常輸入時(shi)，UPS的逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)處于反向工作（即整流工作狀態），給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)異常時(shi)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)立刻轉為(wei)逆變(bian)(bian)工作狀態，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出(chu)，同后備(bei)式UPS相比，在線互(hu)動(dong)式UPS的保護功能(neng)較強，逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形較好，一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)正弦波(bo)。具有較強的軟(ruan)件功能(neng)，可以方便(bian)地上網進行(xing)UPS的遠程控(kong)制(zhi)和智能(neng)化管理。
可自(zi)動監測外(wai)部輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)否處于正常范圍(wei)之內，如有(you)偏差可由穩壓電(dian)(dian)器升壓或降壓，提供(gong)比較穩定的(de)正弦波(bo)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓。而且它與計算(suan)機(ji)之間可以通過(guo)數(shu)據接口（如RS-232串口）進行數(shu)據通訊(xun)，通過(guo)監控(kong)軟(ruan)件，用戶(hu)可直接從電(dian)(dian)腦屏幕上監控(kong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及UPS狀況，方便管理(li)工作并可提高計算(suan)機(ji)系統的(de)可靠性。這種(zhong)UPS集中了后(hou)備式(shi)UPS效率(lv)高和在(zai)線式(shi)UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)質(zhi)量高的(de)優點，但其(qi)穩頻性不(bu)是(shi)十分理(li)想(xiang)，不(bu)適合做(zuo)長延時的(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。
為了(le)適應應急(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)迅速(su)發展的(de)(de)需要，國(guo)家相關(guan)(guan)部門(men)也陸續出臺了(le)諸(zhu)如《消防應急(ji)燈具》（GB17945-2000）、《不(bu)間斷電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)》（GB/T7260-187）、《信息技(ji)術設(she)備(bei)用不(bu)間斷電(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)用技(ji)術條件》（GB/T14715-1993）、《低壓直流電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)特性和安全要求(qiu)》（GB/T17478-1998）等相關(guan)(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)。
然而，應(ying)急電(dian)源設計與(yu)使用對(dui)電(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)而言還(huan)是一種比較新的(de)(de)技術(shu)，很多(duo)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)對(dui)EPS和UPS的(de)(de)區(qu)別與(yu)聯系并不清楚。將對(dui)UPS和EPS電(dian)源的(de)(de)區(qu)別進行介紹。
EPS電源簡介
EPS（EmergencySystem）是(shi)一種允許短時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)斷的應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)裝置(zhi)，主要(yao)針(zhen)對城市中(zhong)高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)筑中(zhong)的應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明、消防設施以及(ji)特(te)別重(zhong)要(yao)負荷，尤其在(zai)解(jie)決照明用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或只(zhi)有一路市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)缺少第二(er)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，代(dai)替發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)構成第二(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或在(zai)需要(yao)第三電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的場合使(shi)用(yong)時，能夠收(shou)到非常好的效果。EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)裝置(zhi)在(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡(luo)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，其應(ying)急(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統處(chu)于“睡眠”的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)浮狀態(tai)，只(zhi)有在(zai)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)狀態(tai)下才為負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)特點(dian)：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，EPS處于(yu)靜態，無(wu)噪音。有市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，噪音小于(yu)60db，不需排煙、防震處理，而且(qie)無(wu)公(gong)害、無(wu)火(huo)災隱患(huan)；市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，EPS可自(zi)動切換，實現(xian)無(wu)人值守。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相互切換的(de)時(shi)間均為0.1～0.25s。其帶(dai)載能(neng)力強(qiang)，適用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感性、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容性及綜合性負(fu)載的(de)設備(bei)，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯、水泵、風機、辦公(gong)自(zi)動化設備(bei)、應急(ji)照明等(deng)，而且(qie)使用(yong)可靠。
由于EPS在市(shi)電(dian)(dian)正常時處(chu)于“睡眠”狀態(tai)，只有市(shi)電(dian)(dian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)EPS才(cai)正式(shi)投入工作(zuo)，所以(yi)(yi)主機壽(shou)命很(hen)長，某些廠家生產的EPS電(dian)(dian)源壽(shou)命可達20年以(yi)(yi)上。EPS可以(yi)(yi)適應惡劣的環境，如地(di)下室(shi)、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)室(shi)甚(shen)至建筑豎井，也可以(yi)(yi)緊靠應急負荷使用場所就(jiu)地(di)設置(zhi)，減少(shao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)線路。
對(dui)于某些功率教大的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施，如：消防水泵、風機(ji)(ji)，EPS可(ke)直接與電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)相連變頻啟(qi)動(dong)后，再進入正常運行(xing)狀態，省去電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)軟啟(qi)動(dong)和控制箱等設置。標(biao)準型(xing)EPS應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)時間為1h（有(you)延時接口），可(ke)長可(ke)短，應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)范圍廣(guang)泛。綜上所述，EPS應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)一種可(ke)靠的(de)綠色應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，它非(fei)常適(shi)用(yong)于高層建筑消防設施沒(mei)有(you)第(di)二路市電(dian)(dian)(dian)，又不(bu)便使用(yong)柴油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)場合。
使用EPS應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)既可以滿足規范要求(qiu)，又節省了人力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)。同時，EPS電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)也適用于(yu)一些(xie)工程中的(de)局部重(zhong)要場合，作為末端應(ying)急(ji)備用電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。EPS電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)作為一種可靠的(de)應(ying)急(ji)供電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，可以靈活地運(yun)用于(yu)消防供電(dian)回路(lu)末端、個(ge)別重(zhong)要場合。EPS應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)使用，為消防安全提供了更(geng)有力(li)(li)的(de)保(bao)障。
UPS電源簡介
UPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem)不間斷電源，是一種含有儲能裝置，以逆變器為主要組成部分的恒壓、恒頻的不間斷電源。其主要作用是通過UPS系統，對計算機網絡系統或其他電力電子設備可靠而不間斷地進行供電。
當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)入正常時(shi)，UPS將市電(dian)(dian)(dian)穩壓后供給負(fu)載(zai)使用，此時(shi)，UPS的作(zuo)(zuo)用相當于一(yi)臺交(jiao)流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)穩壓器，同(tong)時(shi)它(ta)還向機內儲(chu)能(neng)部(bu)分(fen)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷（事故(gu)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)）時(shi)，UPS立即將機內存儲(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過逆變轉換的方(fang)法向負(fu)載(zai)繼(ji)續供應220V交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，使負(fu)載(zai)維持正常工作(zuo)(zuo)并保(bao)護負(fu)載(zai)軟、硬件不(bu)受損壞，使整(zheng)個(ge)網絡(luo)數據不(bu)會(hui)因斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)事故(gu)而(er)導(dao)致數據丟失。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)按(an)其工作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)可分(fen)為后備(bei)式、在(zai)線(xian)式以及在(zai)線(xian)互動式三(san)種。
后(hou)備式UPS：平時(shi)處(chu)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，在停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)逆變器緊急切換到工作(zuo)狀態(tai)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉變為穩(wen)定的(de)(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出(chu)，后(hou)備式UPS也被稱(cheng)為離線(xian)式UPS。后(hou)備式UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)優點是(shi)：運行效率(lv)高(gao)、噪音低、價格相對(dui)便(bian)宜，主要適用于市電(dian)(dian)(dian)波動小，對(dui)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量(liang)要求低的(de)(de)場(chang)合，比較(jiao)適合家(jia)庭使用。
然(ran)而這種UPS的(de)(de)切換時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)很短，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)介(jie)于2～10ms，而計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)本身的(de)(de)交換式(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)應器在斷電(dian)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)維持10ms左(zuo)右，所以個(ge)人計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會因為這個(ge)切換時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)而出現(xian)問題。因此不(bu)(bu)(bu)適合用(yong)在關(guan)鍵性的(de)(de)，供(gong)電(dian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能中斷的(de)(de)場所。后備式(shi)UPS一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)只能持續供(gong)電(dian)幾分(fen)鐘(zhong)到幾十分(fen)鐘(zhong)，主要是讓您(nin)有時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)備份數(shu)據(ju)，并盡快結束手頭工作，其(qi)價(jia)格(ge)也比較低(di)，比如個(ge)人家庭用(yong)戶，就(jiu)可(ke)配備小(xiao)功率的(de)(de)后備式(shi)UPS。
在(zai)線(xian)式UPS：這(zhe)種(zhong)UPS一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)其逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)處于(yu)工(gong)作狀態，首先通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路將外部交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，再通(tong)過(guo)高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)將直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)正弦波交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出給(gei)計算機(ji)。在(zai)線(xian)式UPS在(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況下的(de)(de)主要(yao)功(gong)能是(shi)穩壓及防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)波干擾。停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時則(ze)使(shi)用備用直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源（蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組）給(gei)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)作，不存在(zai)切換時間問題，因此(ci)適用于(yu)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源有嚴(yan)格(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)場合。
在線(xian)式UPS不同于后(hou)備式UPS，持續供電時(shi)間長，一般(ban)為幾個小時(shi)，甚至十幾個小時(shi)。它的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)功能是讓您在停電的(de)(de)情(qing)況下仍可(ke)像平常一樣工作。顯(xian)然，由(you)于其功能的(de)(de)特殊性，價格(ge)也(ye)明顯(xian)貴很多(duo)。比較適用于計算機、交通、銀行、證券、通信(xin)、醫療、工業控制等電源要(yao)(yao)求嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)行業。
在線互(hu)動(dong)式UPS：這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)種智能(neng)化的UPS，是(shi)指在市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常輸入時(shi)，UPS的逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)處于反向工作（即整流工作狀態），給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)異常時(shi)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)立刻轉為(wei)逆變(bian)(bian)工作狀態，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出(chu)，同后備(bei)式UPS相比，在線互(hu)動(dong)式UPS的保護功能(neng)較強，逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形較好，一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)正弦波(bo)。具有較強的軟(ruan)件功能(neng)，可以方便(bian)地上網進行(xing)UPS的遠程控(kong)制(zhi)和智能(neng)化管理。
可自(zi)動監測外(wai)部輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)否處于正常范圍(wei)之內，如有(you)偏差可由穩壓電(dian)(dian)器升壓或降壓，提供(gong)比較穩定的(de)正弦波(bo)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓。而且它與計算(suan)機(ji)之間可以通過(guo)數(shu)據接口（如RS-232串口）進行數(shu)據通訊(xun)，通過(guo)監控(kong)軟(ruan)件，用戶(hu)可直接從電(dian)(dian)腦屏幕上監控(kong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及UPS狀況，方便管理(li)工作并可提高計算(suan)機(ji)系統的(de)可靠性。這種(zhong)UPS集中了后(hou)備式(shi)UPS效率(lv)高和在(zai)線式(shi)UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)質(zhi)量高的(de)優點，但其(qi)穩頻性不(bu)是(shi)十分理(li)想(xiang)，不(bu)適合做(zuo)長延時的(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。
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