現代開(kai)關電源有兩種(zhong)(zhong)：一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源；另一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。這(zhe)里主要(yao)介紹的(de)(de)(de)只是(shi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其功能是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)較(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)原生(sheng)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源（粗(cu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)），如市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源或蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，轉換(huan)成滿足設(she)備要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（精電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)是(shi)DC/DC轉換(huan)器。因此直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)是(shi)依賴DC/DC轉換(huan)器分(fen)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)。也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)與DC/DC轉換(huan)器的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)是(shi)基本(ben)相同的(de)(de)(de)，DC/DC轉換(huan)器的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)基本(ben)上就(jiu)是(shi)直(zhi) 流(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)。

　　直流DC/DC轉(zhuan)換器按輸入與輸出之間(jian)是(shi)否有電氣(qi)隔(ge)離可以分為(wei)兩類：一類是(shi)有隔(ge)離的(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)隔(ge)離式(shi)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換器；另一類是(shi)沒有隔(ge)離的(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)非隔(ge)離 式(shi)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換器。

　　隔離(li)式(shi)(shi)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)器也可以按有源(yuan)功率器件的個數(shu)來分類(lei)。單管(guan)的DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)器有正(zheng)激式(shi)(shi)（Forward）和(he)反(fan)激式(shi)(shi)（Flyback）兩種(zhong)(zhong)。雙管(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)器 有雙管(guan)正(zheng)激式(shi)(shi)（DoubleTransistor Forward Converter），雙管(guan)反(fan)激式(shi)(shi)（Double Transistor Flyback Converter）、推挽式(shi)(shi)（Push-Pull Converter） 和(he)半橋式(shi)(shi)（Half-Bridge Converter）四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)。四(si)管(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)器就是全橋DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)器（Full-Bridge Converter）。

非隔離式DC/DC轉換(huan)器，按(an)有源(yuan)功率(lv)器件的個數，可以(yi)分為單管、雙管和四管三類。
　　單管(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)共(gong)有(you)六種，即降壓(ya)式（Buck）DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi) ，升(sheng)壓(ya)式（Boost）DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、升(sheng)壓(ya)降壓(ya)式（Buck Boost）DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、Cuk DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、Zeta DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和SEPIC DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。在這六種 單管(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中，Buck和Boost式DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是基本的，Buck-Boost、Cuk、Zeta、SEPIC式DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是從(cong)中派生出來(lai)的。雙(shuang)管(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan) 器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)雙(shuang)管(guan)串接的升(sheng)壓(ya)式（Buck-Boost）DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。四(si)管(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)常用的是全橋(qiao)DC/DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（Full-Bridge Converter）。

隔離(li)式(shi)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換器(qi)在實現輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)與(yu)輸(shu)入電氣(qi)隔離(li)時，通常采用變壓器(qi)來實現，由于(yu)變壓器(qi)具有(you)變壓的(de)功能，所(suo)以(yi)有(you)利于(yu)擴大(da)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)應用 范圍，也便于(yu)實現不同(tong)電壓的(de)多路(lu)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)，或相同(tong)電壓的(de)多種輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)。
在功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)電壓和(he)電流定額相同時，轉換器的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)通(tong)常與所(suo)用開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)成正比。所(suo)以開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)數越多，DC/DC轉換器的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)越大(da)(da)，四管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)比兩管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)大(da)(da)一倍，單管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)只有四管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)1/4。
非隔離(li)(li)式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器與隔離(li)(li)式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器的(de)組(zu)合，可以得到單個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器所不具備的(de)一些特(te)性。
按能量的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸來(lai)分，DC/DC轉換器(qi)有(you)單向傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸和雙(shuang)向傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸兩(liang)種(zhong)。具有(you)雙(shuang)向傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸功能的(de)DC/DC轉換器(qi)，既可(ke)以從(cong)(cong)電源(yuan)側(ce)向負(fu)載(zai)(zai)側(ce)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸功率，也可(ke) 以從(cong)(cong)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)側(ce)向電源(yuan)側(ce)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸功率。
DC/DC轉換器也可以分(fen)為(wei)自激式(shi)和他控(kong)式(shi)。借助轉換器本(ben)身的正(zheng)反饋信(xin)號實現開(kai)關管自持周期性(xing)開(kai)關的轉換器，叫做自激式(shi)轉換器，如(ru)洛耶爾 （Royer）轉換器就是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)典(dian)型的推(tui)挽自激式(shi)轉換器。他控(kong)式(shi)DC/DC轉換器中(zhong)的開(kai)關器件控(kong)制信(xin)號，是(shi)(shi)由(you)外部專門的控(kong)制電路產生的。

按(an)照開(kai)(kai)關管的開(kai)(kai)關條件，DC/DC轉換器(qi)又可(ke)以分為硬開(kai)(kai)關（Hard Switching）
和(he)軟(ruan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Soft Switching）兩種。硬開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件 是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)承受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)或(huo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)或(huo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)過(guo)程中將會產生(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)交疊(die)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，即(ji)所謂的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)（Switching loss）。當轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)工作狀態一定(ding)時(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，而且開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頻(pin)率越高(gao)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)越大(da)(da)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)在(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)過(guo)程中還會激起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路分布(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感和(he)寄(ji)生(sheng) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)振蕩(dang)，帶來附加損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，硬開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頻(pin)率不能(neng)(neng)太高(gao)。軟(ruan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)，在(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)或(huo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)過(guo)程中，或(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加于 其(qi)(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)零(ling)(ling)，即(ji)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Zero-Voltage-Switching，ZVS），或(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)零(ling)(ling)，即(ji)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Zero-Current·Switching，ZCS）。這(zhe)種軟(ruan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方式可(ke)(ke)以顯著(zhu)地減小(xiao)(xiao)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，以及開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)過(guo)程中激起的(de)(de)(de)振蕩(dang)，使開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頻(pin)率可(ke)(ke)以大(da)(da)幅度提高(gao)，為(wei)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)型化和(he)模塊化創造 了條(tiao)件。功率場(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)管(guan)（MOSFET）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)用較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件，它有較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)速(su)度，但同(tong)(tong)時(shi)也(ye)(ye)有較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)寄(ji)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)。它關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)(xia)(xia)， 其(qi)(qi)寄(ji)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)前不將這(zhe)一部(bu)(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)放掉，則(ze)將消耗(hao)(hao)于器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件內部(bu)(bu)，這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)容(rong)(rong)性(xing)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)。為(wei)了減小(xiao)(xiao)或(huo)消除(chu)這(zhe)種損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，功率場(chang) 效(xiao)應(ying)管(guan)宜采用零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)方式（ZVS）。絕緣柵雙(shuang)極性(xing)晶體管(guan)（Insulated Gate Bipolar tansistor，IGBT）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種復合開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件，關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)拖 尾會導(dao)致較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，如果在(zai)(zai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)前使流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)它的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降到零(ling)(ling)，則(ze)可(ke)(ke)以顯著(zhu)地降低開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)IGBT宜采用零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)（ZCS）關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)方式。IGBT在(zai)(zai) 零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)(xia)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)，同(tong)(tong)樣也(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)減小(xiao)(xiao)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)MOSFET在(zai)(zai)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)(xia)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)時(shi)，并不能(neng)(neng)減小(xiao)(xiao)容(rong)(rong)性(xing)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)。諧(xie)振轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（ResonantConverter ，RC）、準諧(xie)振轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（Qunsi-Tesonant Converter，QRC）、多(duo)諧(xie)振轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（Multi-ResonantConverter，MRC）、零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)PWM轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（ZVS PWM Converter）、零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)PWM轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（ZCS PWM Converter）、零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)（Zero-Voltage-Transition，ZVT）PWM轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)（Zero- Voltage-Transition，ZVT）PWM轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等，均屬于軟(ruan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件和(he)零(ling)(ling)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發展，促使了高(gao)頻(pin)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)發展。