給汽車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)分(fen)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)池初次充電(dian)(dian)和之后充電(dian)(dian)兩種情況。現在汽車(che)新(xin)蓄電(dian)(dian)池一(yi)般不需要充電(dian)(dian)。

　　充電原理

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)原理是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，才能夠(gou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，二者之間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢差(cha)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)快(kuai)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，所以一般的(de)(de)(de)24V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)最大(da)(da)(空載)為(wei)28V，而(er)60A是說的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)出(chu)力(li)能力(li)，而(er)你充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器已經有了負載，這時的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶正在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，40A的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會(hui)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)。另(ling)外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)容量大(da)(da)小(xiao)也是有關系的(de)(de)(de)。

　　汽車新電瓶充電方法

　　將電(dian)池(chi)正極接電(dian)源(yuan)正極，電(dian)池(chi)負(fu)極接電(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)極

　　初次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)分(fen)兩(liang)個階段進行：首先用初次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)放(fang)出氣泡(pao)，單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)到2.3—2.4V為(wei)(wei)(wei)止。然后(hou)將電(dian)(dian)流降為(wei)(wei)(wei)1/2初充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，繼續(xu)(xu)充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)放(fang)出劇(ju)烈(lie)的氣泡(pao)，比征和電(dian)(dian)壓連(lian)續(xu)(xu)3h穩定(ding)(ding)不變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)止。全(quan)部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間約為(wei)(wei)(wei)45—65h。溫度控制在(zai)35—40℃，初次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)完(wan)畢時(shi)，若電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)比重不合規定(ding)(ding)，應用蒸餾水或比重為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.4的電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)進行調整。調整后(hou)再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)2h，直至比重符合規定(ding)(ding)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)止。

　　新蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一(yi)次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后往(wang)往(wang)達不(bu)到(dao)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，應(ying)進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)。用20h時放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(即用額定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)1/20的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降到(dao)1.75V為(wei)止)，然后再補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)直至充(chong)(chong)足，經過一(yi)次充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)若(ruo)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)仍低于(yu)額定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的90%，應(ying)再進行一(yi)次充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)。

　　注意怎(zen)樣判斷(duan)新(xin)車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)否(fou)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢,判斷(duan)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢三(san)部曲：

　　(1) 如果電解液(ye)"沸騰(teng)"，同時出現氣泡(pao)，那么表明充電完畢。

　　(2) 測量單格電池電壓值大小，如果(guo)電壓3秒內不(bu)波動，達2.7V，那么表明(ming)充(chong)電完畢。

　　(3) 測量電解液的相(xiang)對密度(du)，如密度(du)3h內不(bu)再波(bo)動(dong)，達最大值(zhi)，那(nei)么(me)表(biao)示充電完(wan)畢。

　　使用中汽車蓄電瓶定期補充充電

　　步驟(zou)如下：

　　(1)先(xian)用蒸餾水或蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)專用補充液(ye)將蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的液(ye)面調(diao)整到規定(ding)高(gao)度。

　　(2)充(chong)電(dian)前按照(zhao)充(chong)電(dian)設備(bei)的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)壓和額定(ding)電(dian)流將要(yao)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)連接起(qi)來。串聯(lian)在一(yi)路的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)總(zong)電(dian)壓不能(neng)大于充(chong)電(dian)設備(bei)的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)壓。

　　(3)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是根據蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量來選擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)。定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)分(fen)兩(liang)個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)進行。階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是蓄電(dian)(dian)池額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)十分(fen)之一(yi)，階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)二(er)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是蓄電(dian)(dian)池額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十分(fen)之一(yi)。

　　(4)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充完電(dian)(dian)后，檢查蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的(de)(de)密度。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)密度不符(fu)(fu)合(he)要(yao)求，可(ke)先(xian)將原(yuan)格內的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)到出一些;如(ru)原(yuan)密度過小，可(ke)再加(jia)(jia)入(ru)相對密度的(de)(de)濃電(dian)(dian)解液(ye);如(ru)原(yuan)密度過大，可(ke)加(jia)(jia)入(ru)蒸(zheng)餾水稀釋。調整后液(ye)面高(gao)度應符(fu)(fu)合(he)規定。

　　有的(de)車主認為，快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)可以節(jie)省(sheng)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，只(zhi)需要3-5個小時(shi)(shi)。其實不(bu)然，快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)只(zhi)是迅速(su)(su)把電(dian)池(chi)表面激活(huo)，而(er)實際上電(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)是沒(mei)有完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)的(de)。除(chu)了快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)之(zhi)外(wai)，還有一種(zhong)為慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為10-15個小時(shi)(shi)，那些(xie)深虧電(dian)池(chi)就必須(xu)進行慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，否則(ze)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)夠(gou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)量不(bu)足，會直接影響到汽車的(de)行駛性能。雖(sui)說(shuo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)是個相當簡單的(de)操作，但也有一些(xie)注意事項：

　　1.向鉛酸蓄(xu)電池充電時(shi)，要(yao)穿上保(bao)護衣(yi)。

　　2.充電(dian)時，汽車蓄電(dian)池附近不(bu)能有(you)火花，禁(jin)止(zhi)抽煙。

　　3.對(dui)一個或對(dui)多(duo)個汽車蓄電池并聯充電時，充電器(qi)電壓(ya)不要超過16v