給(gei)汽(qi)車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)分新電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)初次充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和之后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種情況(kuang)。現在汽(qi)車新蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般不需(xu)要充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　充電原理

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)原理是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，才能(neng)夠(gou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，二者(zhe)之間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢差越大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大，所以一般的(de)(de)24V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最(zui)(zui)大(空載)為(wei)28V，而60A是(shi)說的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大出力能(neng)力，而你(ni)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器已經有了負載，這(zhe)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶正在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)完成越來越小(xiao)。另外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)大小(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)容量(liang)大小(xiao)也是(shi)有關(guan)系的(de)(de)。

　　汽車新電瓶充電方法

　　將(jiang)電(dian)池正極(ji)接電(dian)源正極(ji)，電(dian)池負(fu)極(ji)接電(dian)源負(fu)極(ji)

　　初次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分兩個階(jie)段(duan)進行：首先(xian)用(yong)初次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)放出氣泡，單(dan)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升到2.3—2.4V為止。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降(jiang)為1/2初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，繼(ji)續充(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)放出劇烈的(de)氣泡，比征和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連(lian)續3h穩定(ding)不變為止。全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)約(yue)為45—65h。溫(wen)度控制(zhi)在35—40℃，初次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢時，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)比重不合規定(ding)，應用(yong)蒸餾水或(huo)比重為1.4的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)進行調整。調整后再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2h，直(zhi)至比重符合規定(ding)時為止。

　　新蓄電(dian)(dian)池第一次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后往往達不到容量(liang)，應(ying)進行放電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環。用20h時放電(dian)(dian)率(lv)放電(dian)(dian)(即(ji)用額定容量(liang)1/20的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)至單格電(dian)(dian)壓降到1.75V為止)，然后再(zai)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流直(zhi)至充(chong)(chong)足，經過一次(ci)充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環若(ruo)容量(liang)仍(reng)低于額定容量(liang)的(de)(de)90%，應(ying)再(zai)進行一次(ci)充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環。

　　注(zhu)意怎(zen)樣判斷新(xin)車蓄(xu)電池(chi)是否充電完畢,判斷新(xin)電池(chi)充電完畢三部曲(qu)：

　　(1) 如果電(dian)解(jie)液"沸騰(teng)"，同(tong)時出現氣泡，那么表(biao)明(ming)充電(dian)完(wan)畢。

　　(2) 測(ce)量單格(ge)電(dian)池電(dian)壓值大小，如果(guo)電(dian)壓3秒(miao)內不波動，達2.7V，那么表明充電(dian)完畢。

　　(3) 測量電解液的相對(dui)密(mi)度(du)，如密(mi)度(du)3h內不再(zai)波動(dong)，達最大值，那(nei)么表示充電完畢。

　　使用中汽車蓄電瓶定期補充充電

　　步驟如下：

　　(1)先用(yong)蒸餾水或蓄(xu)電池(chi)專用(yong)補充(chong)液(ye)將(jiang)蓄(xu)電池(chi)的液(ye)面調整到(dao)規定(ding)高度(du)。

　　(2)充電(dian)(dian)前按(an)照充電(dian)(dian)設(she)備的額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流將要充電(dian)(dian)的蓄電(dian)(dian)池連接起來。串(chuan)聯在(zai)一(yi)路的蓄電(dian)(dian)池的總電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不能大于充電(dian)(dian)設(she)備的額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。

　　(3)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是根據(ju)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的容量(liang)來選擇的。定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)分兩個階段進行。階段一(yi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)的十分之(zhi)一(yi)，階段二的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)的二十分之(zhi)一(yi)。

　　(4)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的密(mi)度(du)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)密(mi)度(du)不符(fu)合要求，可(ke)先將原格內的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)到出一些;如(ru)原密(mi)度(du)過小，可(ke)再加入相對密(mi)度(du)的濃(nong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye);如(ru)原密(mi)度(du)過大，可(ke)加入蒸餾(liu)水稀釋。調整后(hou)液(ye)面(mian)高度(du)應符(fu)合規定。

　　有(you)的車主認(ren)為，快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可以節省(sheng)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，只(zhi)需要3-5個小時(shi)。其實(shi)不(bu)(bu)然，快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)迅速把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面激活(huo)，而(er)實(shi)際上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。除了快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之外(wai)，還有(you)一種為慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為10-15個小時(shi)，那些深虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就必須進行慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則(ze)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足，會直接影響到汽車的行駛性(xing)能。雖(sui)說充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)個相當(dang)簡(jian)單的操(cao)作，但也有(you)一些注意(yi)事項：

　　1.向鉛酸蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)時，要穿上保(bao)護衣。

　　2.充(chong)電時(shi)，汽車蓄電池附近不能(neng)有(you)火花，禁止抽煙。

　　3.對一個(ge)或對多個(ge)汽(qi)車蓄電池并聯充電時，充電器電壓不要(yao)超過(guo)16v