給(gei)汽車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)分新(xin)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)初次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和之后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)兩(liang)種(zhong)情況(kuang)。現在汽車(che)新(xin)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一般不需要充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

　　充電原理

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)原理是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，才(cai)能(neng)夠充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，二者之間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢差越大(da)(da)(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da)(da)(da)，所以一般的(de)(de)(de)24V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最大(da)(da)(da)(空載)為28V，而60A是(shi)說的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)出(chu)力(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)，而你充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)已(yi)經有了負載，這時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶正在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，40A的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)完成越來越小。另外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量大(da)(da)(da)小也是(shi)有關系的(de)(de)(de)。

　　汽車新電瓶充電方法

　　將電(dian)池正極接電(dian)源正極，電(dian)池負極接電(dian)源負極

　　初次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)兩個階段進行：首先用初次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液放(fang)出氣泡，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升到2.3—2.4V為止。然后(hou)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為1/2初充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液放(fang)出劇烈的氣泡，比征和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)連續3h穩定不變為止。全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間約為45—65h。溫(wen)度控制在35—40℃，初次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢時，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液比重(zhong)不合規定，應用蒸餾水或比重(zhong)為1.4的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液進行調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后(hou)再充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2h，直至(zhi)比重(zhong)符合規定時為止。

　　新蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)第一次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后往(wang)往(wang)達不到(dao)容量(liang)，應進(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環。用20h時放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(即用額定(ding)容量(liang)1/20的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降到(dao)1.75V為(wei)止)，然(ran)后再補(bu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流直(zhi)至充(chong)足，經過(guo)一次(ci)充(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環若容量(liang)仍低于(yu)額定(ding)容量(liang)的(de)90%，應再進(jin)行一次(ci)充(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環。

　　注意怎(zen)樣判斷(duan)(duan)新車蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否充(chong)電(dian)(dian)完(wan)畢(bi),判斷(duan)(duan)新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)完(wan)畢(bi)三部曲：

　　(1) 如(ru)果電解液"沸騰"，同時出現氣泡，那么表(biao)明充電完畢(bi)。

　　(2) 測量單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值大(da)小，如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓3秒內不(bu)波動，達2.7V，那么表明充電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢。

　　(3) 測量電(dian)解液的相對密度，如(ru)密度3h內(nei)不再波動，達最大(da)值，那么表示充(chong)電(dian)完畢。

　　使用中汽車蓄電瓶定期補充充電

　　步驟如下(xia)：

　　(1)先用蒸餾水(shui)或蓄電池(chi)專用補充(chong)液將蓄電池(chi)的(de)液面調整到(dao)規定高度。

　　(2)充電(dian)(dian)前按照充電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓和額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流將要充電(dian)(dian)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)連(lian)接起來(lai)。串(chuan)聯在一路的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)總電(dian)(dian)壓不能大于充電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓。

　　(3)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)根據蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)容(rong)量來選擇(ze)的(de)(de)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)分兩個階(jie)段進(jin)行(xing)。階(jie)段一(yi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池額定(ding)(ding)(ding)容(rong)量的(de)(de)十(shi)分之(zhi)一(yi)，階(jie)段二的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池額定(ding)(ding)(ding)容(rong)量的(de)(de)二十(shi)分之(zhi)一(yi)。

　　(4)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充完電(dian)后，檢查蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)的密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)。如電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)不符合要求，可先(xian)將原格內(nei)的電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)到(dao)出一(yi)些(xie);如原密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)過小，可再加(jia)入相對(dui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)的濃電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye);如原密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)過大，可加(jia)入蒸餾水(shui)稀釋(shi)。調(diao)整后液(ye)面高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)應符合規定。

　　有(you)的(de)(de)車(che)主(zhu)認為(wei)，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可以節(jie)省時(shi)(shi)間，只(zhi)需要3-5個小時(shi)(shi)。其實不(bu)然，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)是迅速(su)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面激(ji)活，而實際上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部是沒有(you)完全充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。除(chu)了快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之外(wai)，還有(you)一種為(wei)慢充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)10-15個小時(shi)(shi)，那些(xie)深虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)必須進行慢充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)夠(gou)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足，會直接影響到汽車(che)的(de)(de)行駛(shi)性能。雖說充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是個相(xiang)當(dang)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)操作，但也(ye)有(you)一些(xie)注意事項：

　　1.向鉛酸蓄電池充(chong)電時，要穿上保護衣。

　　2.充電時，汽車蓄電池附近不能有(you)火(huo)花，禁止抽煙。

　　3.對(dui)一個(ge)或對(dui)多個(ge)汽(qi)車(che)蓄電池并聯充電時，充電器(qi)電壓(ya)不要超過16v