給汽車蓄電池(chi)充(chong)電分新電池(chi)初次充(chong)電和之后充(chong)電兩種(zhong)情況。現(xian)在汽車新蓄電池(chi)一般不(bu)需(xu)要充(chong)電。

　　充電原理

　　充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)原理是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，才能夠(gou)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，二者之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)差越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越快，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(da)，所以(yi)一(yi)般的(de)24V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最大(da)(空載)為28V，而60A是(shi)說的(de)最大(da)出力能力，而你充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器已經有了負(fu)載，這(zhe)時的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶正在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會隨(sui)著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)完成越來越小。另外，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)大(da)小和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)容(rong)量大(da)小也是(shi)有關(guan)系的(de)。

　　汽車新電瓶充電方法

　　將電(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正(zheng)極，電(dian)(dian)池負極接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極

　　初(chu)次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)分兩個階段進(jin)行：首先(xian)用初(chu)次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液放出氣泡(pao)，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升到2.3—2.4V為(wei)止。然后(hou)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)流降(jiang)為(wei)1/2初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，繼續(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液放出劇(ju)烈的氣泡(pao)，比(bi)征和電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連續(xu)3h穩定(ding)(ding)不變為(wei)止。全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間約為(wei)45—65h。溫(wen)度控制在35—40℃，初(chu)次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢時，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液比(bi)重不合(he)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，應(ying)用蒸餾水(shui)或比(bi)重為(wei)1.4的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液進(jin)行調整。調整后(hou)再充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2h，直至比(bi)重符(fu)合(he)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)時為(wei)止。

　　新蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)第一(yi)次(ci)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后往(wang)往(wang)達(da)不(bu)到容(rong)量(liang)，應進行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)。用(yong)20h時放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(即(ji)用(yong)額定容(rong)量(liang)1/20的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降到1.75V為止(zhi))，然后再補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流直至充足，經過一(yi)次(ci)充、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)若容(rong)量(liang)仍低于(yu)額定容(rong)量(liang)的90%，應再進行(xing)一(yi)次(ci)充、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)。

　　注意怎(zen)樣判斷(duan)新(xin)車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)否充電(dian)(dian)完(wan)畢(bi),判斷(duan)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)完(wan)畢(bi)三(san)部曲：

　　(1) 如(ru)果(guo)電解液"沸騰"，同時出現氣泡，那么表明充電完(wan)畢。

　　(2) 測量單格電池(chi)電壓(ya)值大(da)小，如果電壓(ya)3秒內不波動，達2.7V，那么(me)表明充電完畢。

　　(3) 測量(liang)電解液的相對密度，如密度3h內不(bu)再波動(dong)，達最大值，那么表示充電完畢。

　　使用中汽車蓄電瓶定期補充充電

　　步(bu)驟如下：

　　(1)先(xian)用(yong)蒸餾水或(huo)蓄電池專用(yong)補充(chong)液(ye)將蓄電池的液(ye)面(mian)調整到規定高度。

　　(2)充電(dian)前按(an)照充電(dian)設(she)備的(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓和額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)流將要充電(dian)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)連接起來。串聯在一路的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)總電(dian)壓不能大于(yu)充電(dian)設(she)備的(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓。

　　(3)定電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)是根據蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量來選擇的(de)(de)(de)。定電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)分(fen)兩個階(jie)段(duan)進行。階(jie)段(duan)一的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)是蓄電(dian)池(chi)額定容量的(de)(de)(de)十分(fen)之(zhi)一，階(jie)段(duan)二的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)是蓄電(dian)池(chi)額定容量的(de)(de)(de)二十分(fen)之(zhi)一。

　　(4)蓄(xu)電池(chi)充(chong)完(wan)電后，檢查蓄(xu)電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電解液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度(du)。如電解液(ye)密(mi)度(du)不(bu)符合要求(qiu)，可先將原(yuan)格(ge)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)電解液(ye)到出一些;如原(yuan)密(mi)度(du)過小，可再(zai)加入相(xiang)對密(mi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)電解液(ye);如原(yuan)密(mi)度(du)過大，可加入蒸餾(liu)水稀釋。調整后液(ye)面高度(du)應符合規定。

　　有(you)的(de)(de)(de)車主認為，快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可以節省時(shi)間(jian)，只需要3-5個(ge)小(xiao)時(shi)。其實不(bu)(bu)然，快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)只是迅速把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)表面激活，而實際(ji)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部(bu)是沒(mei)有(you)完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。除了快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之外，還有(you)一(yi)種為慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)為10-15個(ge)小(xiao)時(shi)，那些(xie)深虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)就必須進行(xing)慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)足，會直接影(ying)響到汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)駛(shi)性能。雖說充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是個(ge)相當簡單的(de)(de)(de)操作，但也有(you)一(yi)些(xie)注(zhu)意事項：

　　1.向鉛酸蓄(xu)電池充(chong)電時，要穿上保護衣。

　　2.充電(dian)時，汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)池附近不能(neng)有火花，禁(jin)止抽煙。

　　3.對一個或對多(duo)個汽車蓄電(dian)池并聯充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)壓不(bu)要超過16v