給汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)分新電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)初次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)和之后充電(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種情況。現在汽車新蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一般不(bu)需要充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　充電原理

　　充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，才能夠充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，二(er)者之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢差越(yue)大(da)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)越(yue)快，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大(da)，所以一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)24V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最大(da)(空(kong)載(zai))為(wei)28V，而(er)60A是(shi)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)出力能力，而(er)你(ni)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)已(yi)經有了負載(zai)，這時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這個電(dian)(dian)流(liu)會隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)成越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)小。另外，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小和電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量大(da)小也是(shi)有關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

　　汽車新電瓶充電方法

　　將(jiang)電池正極接(jie)電源正極，電池負(fu)極接(jie)電源負(fu)極

　　初(chu)(chu)次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)分兩個階段進行：首先用初(chu)(chu)次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)放出氣(qi)泡(pao)，單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升到(dao)(dao)2.3—2.4V為(wei)(wei)(wei)止。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為(wei)(wei)(wei)1/2初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，繼續充(chong)(chong)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)放出劇烈的氣(qi)泡(pao)，比(bi)征和電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)連續3h穩定不變為(wei)(wei)(wei)止。全(quan)部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間約為(wei)(wei)(wei)45—65h。溫(wen)度控制在35—40℃，初(chu)(chu)次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢時，若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)比(bi)重不合(he)規(gui)定，應用蒸餾水或(huo)比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.4的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)進行調(diao)整(zheng)。調(diao)整(zheng)后再(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2h，直至(zhi)比(bi)重符合(he)規(gui)定時為(wei)(wei)(wei)止。

　　新(xin)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后往往達不到容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，應進(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環。用20h時放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(即用額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)1/20的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降到1.75V為止)，然后再補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流直至充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足，經(jing)過一次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環若容(rong)(rong)量(liang)仍低(di)于額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的90%，應再進(jin)行一次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環。

　　注意怎樣判(pan)(pan)斷新(xin)(xin)車(che)蓄電池(chi)是否充電完畢,判(pan)(pan)斷新(xin)(xin)電池(chi)充電完畢三部曲：

　　(1) 如果電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液"沸(fei)騰"，同時出現氣泡，那么表明充電(dian)(dian)完畢(bi)。

　　(2) 測量單格電池電壓值大小，如果電壓3秒(miao)內不波動，達(da)2.7V，那(nei)么表明充電完畢。

　　(3) 測量(liang)電解液的相對密(mi)度，如密(mi)度3h內不(bu)再波(bo)動，達(da)最大值，那么表示充(chong)電完畢(bi)。

　　使用中汽車蓄電瓶定期補充充電

　　步(bu)驟如下：

　　(1)先用蒸餾(liu)水或(huo)蓄電池(chi)(chi)專用補充液(ye)將(jiang)蓄電池(chi)(chi)的液(ye)面調整到規定高度(du)。

　　(2)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)前按照充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設備的(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流將(jiang)要(yao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)連接起來(lai)。串(chuan)聯在一路的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)總電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)能大于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設備的(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。

　　(3)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是根(gen)據蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容(rong)量來選擇的。定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分兩個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)進行。階(jie)段(duan)(duan)一(yi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量的十分之一(yi)，階(jie)段(duan)(duan)二的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量的二十分之一(yi)。

　　(4)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充完電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，檢查蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)度。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)密(mi)(mi)度不符合要求，可先將(jiang)原格內的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)到出(chu)一些;如原密(mi)(mi)度過小，可再加(jia)入相對密(mi)(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)濃電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye);如原密(mi)(mi)度過大，可加(jia)入蒸餾水稀釋。調整后液(ye)面高(gao)度應符合規定。

　　有(you)(you)的(de)(de)車主認為(wei)，快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)可(ke)以節(jie)省時(shi)間(jian)，只需要(yao)3-5個(ge)小時(shi)。其實不(bu)然，快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)只是迅(xun)速(su)把(ba)電(dian)池表面激活，而實際上電(dian)池內部是沒有(you)(you)完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)的(de)(de)。除了快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)之外，還有(you)(you)一種為(wei)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)10-15個(ge)小時(shi)，那些深虧電(dian)池就必須進行慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，否則充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)量不(bu)足，會直接影響到(dao)汽車的(de)(de)行駛性能。雖(sui)說充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)是個(ge)相當簡單的(de)(de)操作，但(dan)也有(you)(you)一些注意事項：

　　1.向(xiang)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)充(chong)電時，要穿(chuan)上保護衣。

　　2.充電(dian)(dian)時，汽(qi)車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)池附近不能有火花，禁止抽煙(yan)。

　　3.對(dui)一(yi)個(ge)或對(dui)多個(ge)汽(qi)車蓄電(dian)池并聯充電(dian)時，充電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)壓(ya)不要超(chao)過16v