給汽車(che)蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)分新電(dian)池初(chu)次充電(dian)和(he)之(zhi)后(hou)充電(dian)兩(liang)種(zhong)情況(kuang)。現在汽車(che)新蓄電(dian)池一般不(bu)需要充電(dian)。

　　充電原理

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)原理是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，才能(neng)夠充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，二者之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢差越大(da)(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大(da)(da)，所(suo)以(yi)一般的(de)24V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最(zui)大(da)(da)(空載)為(wei)(wei)(wei)28V，而(er)60A是(shi)說的(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)出力能(neng)力，而(er)你充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器已經有(you)了負(fu)載，這時的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)完成越來越小(xiao)(xiao)。另外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)容量大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)也是(shi)有(you)關系(xi)的(de)。

　　汽車新電瓶充電方法

　　將(jiang)電(dian)池(chi)正極接電(dian)源(yuan)正極，電(dian)池(chi)負(fu)極接電(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)極

　　初(chu)次(ci)(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)分兩個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)進(jin)行：首先用(yong)初(chu)次(ci)(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)放出(chu)氣泡，單格電(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)到2.3—2.4V為(wei)(wei)止。然后(hou)(hou)將電(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為(wei)(wei)1/2初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)放出(chu)劇烈的氣泡，比征(zheng)和電(dian)(dian)壓連續3h穩定(ding)不(bu)變為(wei)(wei)止。全部(bu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)約為(wei)(wei)45—65h。溫度(du)控制在35—40℃，初(chu)次(ci)(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)完畢時(shi)，若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)比重(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)合規定(ding)，應用(yong)蒸餾水或比重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)1.4的電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)進(jin)行調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后(hou)(hou)再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)2h，直(zhi)至比重(zhong)(zhong)符合規定(ding)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)止。

　　新蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一(yi)次(ci)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)往(wang)往(wang)達(da)不到(dao)容量，應進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環。用(yong)20h時放電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(即用(yong)額(e)定容量1/20的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)至單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)到(dao)1.75V為(wei)止)，然(ran)后(hou)再(zai)(zai)補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流直至充足，經過(guo)一(yi)次(ci)充、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環若容量仍低(di)于額(e)定容量的90%，應再(zai)(zai)進行一(yi)次(ci)充、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環。

　　注意怎樣判斷新車蓄電池是否充電完畢,判斷新電池充電完畢三部曲：

　　(1) 如(ru)果電(dian)解液"沸騰"，同時出(chu)現氣泡，那么表(biao)明充電(dian)完(wan)畢。

　　(2) 測量單格電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)值大小，如果電(dian)壓(ya)3秒內不(bu)波動(dong)，達2.7V，那么表明充電(dian)完畢。

　　(3) 測(ce)量電(dian)解液(ye)的相對密度，如(ru)密度3h內不再波(bo)動，達最大值，那么表(biao)示充(chong)電(dian)完畢。

　　使用中汽車蓄電瓶定期補充充電

　　步驟如下：

　　(1)先用(yong)蒸餾水或蓄(xu)電(dian)池專用(yong)補充液將蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)液面(mian)調整(zheng)到規定高度(du)。

　　(2)充(chong)電(dian)前(qian)按照充(chong)電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)和額定電(dian)流(liu)將要充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池連接起(qi)來。串(chuan)聯(lian)在一路(lu)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)總電(dian)壓(ya)不能大于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)。

　　(3)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)根據蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量來選擇的(de)。定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分兩個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段進行。階(jie)(jie)段一(yi)(yi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額(e)定容量的(de)十分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，階(jie)(jie)段二的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額(e)定容量的(de)二十分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。

　　(4)蓄(xu)電(dian)池充完(wan)電(dian)后，檢查蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)解液的(de)密度(du)(du)。如(ru)電(dian)解液密度(du)(du)不符合要求，可先(xian)將(jiang)原格內的(de)電(dian)解液到出一些;如(ru)原密度(du)(du)過小(xiao)，可再加入相對密度(du)(du)的(de)濃電(dian)解液;如(ru)原密度(du)(du)過大，可加入蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)稀釋。調整后液面(mian)高度(du)(du)應(ying)符合規定(ding)。

　　有(you)(you)的車主認為(wei)，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電可以節省時(shi)間，只(zhi)需要3-5個(ge)小時(shi)。其實不(bu)(bu)然，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電只(zhi)是迅速(su)把電池(chi)表面激活，而實際(ji)上(shang)電池(chi)內部(bu)是沒(mei)有(you)(you)完全充(chong)(chong)滿電的。除了快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電之外，還(huan)有(you)(you)一種為(wei)慢充(chong)(chong)電，充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間為(wei)10-15個(ge)小時(shi)，那些(xie)深虧電池(chi)就必(bi)須進行(xing)慢充(chong)(chong)電，否(fou)則充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間不(bu)(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)電量不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，會(hui)直接影響到汽車的行(xing)駛性能(neng)。雖說(shuo)充(chong)(chong)電是個(ge)相當(dang)簡單(dan)的操作，但也有(you)(you)一些(xie)注意事(shi)項：

　　1.向(xiang)鉛酸蓄電池充電時，要穿上保護衣(yi)。

　　2.充電時，汽車蓄電池附近不能有火花，禁止(zhi)抽煙。

　　3.對(dui)(dui)一個(ge)或(huo)對(dui)(dui)多(duo)個(ge)汽(qi)車蓄電(dian)(dian)池并聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓不要超過16v