給汽車蓄(xu)(xu)電池充電分新(xin)電池初(chu)次充電和之后充電兩種情況。現(xian)在汽車新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)電池一般(ban)不需要(yao)充電。

　　充電原理

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)原理是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，才能(neng)夠充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，二者之間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)差越(yue)大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越(yue)大，所以(yi)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)24V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最大(空載(zai))為(wei)28V，而60A是說的(de)(de)(de)最大出力能(neng)力，而你充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)已經有了負載(zai)，這時的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶正(zheng)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會(hui)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)越(yue)來越(yue)小(xiao)。另(ling)外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量大小(xiao)也是有關系的(de)(de)(de)。

　　汽車新電瓶充電方法

　　將電(dian)(dian)池正極接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正極，電(dian)(dian)池負極接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極

　　初次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)分兩個階段進(jin)行(xing)：首先用初次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)解(jie)液放出(chu)氣泡，單格電(dian)壓升到2.3—2.4V為(wei)(wei)止。然后將電(dian)流(liu)(liu)降為(wei)(wei)1/2初充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，繼續(xu)充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)解(jie)液放出(chu)劇烈的氣泡，比(bi)征和(he)電(dian)壓連(lian)續(xu)3h穩定(ding)不(bu)變為(wei)(wei)止。全部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間約為(wei)(wei)45—65h。溫(wen)度控制在35—40℃，初次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)完畢時(shi)，若電(dian)解(jie)液比(bi)重不(bu)合規(gui)定(ding)，應用蒸餾水或比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)1.4的電(dian)解(jie)液進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)(diao)整。調(diao)(diao)整后再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)2h，直至比(bi)重符(fu)合規(gui)定(ding)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)止。

　　新蓄電(dian)(dian)池第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)往往達不(bu)到容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，應進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)。用20h時放(fang)電(dian)(dian)率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(即用額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)1/20的(de)電(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)至單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)壓降到1.75V為止(zhi))，然后(hou)再補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流直(zhi)至充(chong)(chong)足，經過一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)若(ruo)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)仍低于額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)90%，應再進行一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)。

　　注意(yi)怎樣判斷新(xin)車蓄電(dian)池是否(fou)充(chong)電(dian)完(wan)畢,判斷新(xin)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)完(wan)畢三部曲：

　　(1) 如果電解液(ye)"沸騰"，同時出現(xian)氣泡，那么表(biao)明充電完畢。

　　(2) 測量單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)大小，如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓3秒(miao)內不(bu)波(bo)動，達2.7V，那么表明充電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢(bi)。

　　(3) 測量(liang)電解液(ye)的相對密度，如密度3h內不再波動(dong)，達最(zui)大(da)值，那么表示充電完畢(bi)。

　　使用中汽車蓄電瓶定期補充充電

　　步驟如下：

　　(1)先用(yong)(yong)蒸餾水或蓄電(dian)池專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)補充液(ye)將蓄電(dian)池的液(ye)面(mian)調整到規(gui)定高度。

　　(2)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)前按照充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)額定電(dian)(dian)流將要充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池連接起來。串聯在一(yi)路的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)總電(dian)(dian)壓不能大(da)于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)壓。

　　(3)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是根據蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容(rong)量來(lai)選擇的(de)。定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分兩個階段進行。階段一的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額定容(rong)量的(de)十(shi)分之(zhi)一，階段二的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額定容(rong)量的(de)二十(shi)分之(zhi)一。

　　(4)蓄電(dian)池充完(wan)電(dian)后，檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)解液(ye)的(de)密度(du)(du)(du)。如電(dian)解液(ye)密度(du)(du)(du)不符(fu)合要求，可先將原(yuan)(yuan)格內(nei)的(de)電(dian)解液(ye)到出一些;如原(yuan)(yuan)密度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)小(xiao)，可再加入(ru)(ru)相對(dui)密度(du)(du)(du)的(de)濃電(dian)解液(ye);如原(yuan)(yuan)密度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)大，可加入(ru)(ru)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)稀(xi)釋。調整后液(ye)面高度(du)(du)(du)應符(fu)合規定。

　　有的(de)車主認為，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)以節省時間，只(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)要3-5個(ge)小時。其實不然，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)(zhi)是迅(xun)速(su)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面激活，而實際上電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)是沒有完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。除了快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之外，還有一(yi)種為慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間為10-15個(ge)小時，那些深(shen)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就必須進(jin)行(xing)慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，否(fou)則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間不夠，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足，會(hui)直接影響到汽車的(de)行(xing)駛(shi)性能。雖說充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是個(ge)相(xiang)當(dang)簡單的(de)操作(zuo)，但也有一(yi)些注意事項：

　　1.向(xiang)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)時，要穿上(shang)保護衣。

　　2.充電時，汽車蓄電池(chi)附近(jin)不能有火花(hua)，禁止抽煙(yan)。

　　3.對(dui)一個或對(dui)多個汽車蓄電(dian)池(chi)并(bing)聯充電(dian)時，充電(dian)器電(dian)壓不(bu)要超過(guo)16v