隨著經濟的(de)發展和社會安(an)全意識(shi)的(de)加強，消防(fang)安(an)全越來越被人們(men)重(zhong)視。EPS以其特(te)有的(de)優越性得(de)到廣泛的(de)應用。同時，許多企業紛(fen)紛(fen)建立企業內(nei)部局域網(wang)，網(wang)絡化辦公正逐漸成為一種(zhong)趨勢，UPS不間斷電(dian)源產(chan)業也得(de)到了廣闊的(de)發展，其中，生產(chan)應急(ji)電(dian)源的(de)企業在近十幾年(nian)中迅(xun)速增加。

　　為了適應(ying)應(ying)急電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)迅速發展的(de)需要，國家相(xiang)關(guan)部門也陸(lu)續(xu)出(chu)臺(tai)了諸如《消防應(ying)急燈(deng)具》（GB17945-2000）、《不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)(she)備(bei)》（GB/T7260-187）、《信息技(ji)術設(she)(she)備(bei)用不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通用技(ji)術條件》（GB/T14715-1993）、《低壓直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)特性(xing)和安全要求》（GB/T17478-1998）等相(xiang)關(guan)標準。

　　然(ran)而(er)，應急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源設(she)計與(yu)使用對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程師(shi)而(er)言(yan)還是一(yi)種比較新的(de)技術，很多工(gong)程師(shi)對(dui)(dui)EPS和UPS的(de)區別與(yu)聯(lian)系并不清楚。將對(dui)(dui)UPS和EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)區別進行(xing)介紹。

　　EPS電源簡介

　　EPS（EmergencySystem）是一種(zhong)允許(xu)短時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中斷的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，主要(yao)針對城市中高層建筑中的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明、消防(fang)設施以及(ji)特別重要(yao)負荷(he)，尤(you)其在(zai)解決(jue)照(zhao)明用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或只有一路市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)缺少第二(er)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，代替發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組構成第二(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)或在(zai)需要(yao)第三電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的場合使用時(shi)，能(neng)夠收到非(fei)常好的效果。EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)在(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡正常供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，其應(ying)(ying)急(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)處于“睡眠”的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)浮狀態，只有在(zai)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)狀態下才為負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)特點：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，EPS處于靜態，無(wu)噪音。有市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，噪音小于60db，不需排煙(yan)、防震處理，而且無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害、無(wu)火災隱患；市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，EPS可(ke)(ke)自動(dong)切換(huan)，實現無(wu)人值守。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相互切換(huan)的(de)時間均為0.1～0.25s。其帶載能(neng)力(li)強，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)性(xing)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容性(xing)及綜合性(xing)負載的(de)設(she)備，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯、水泵、風機、辦公(gong)(gong)自動(dong)化設(she)備、應急照明等，而且使用(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)靠。

　　由于EPS在市電正常時處于“睡眠”狀態，只有市電斷(duan)電EPS才(cai)正式(shi)投入工作(zuo)，所以(yi)主機壽(shou)命很長，某些廠家生產(chan)的(de)EPS電源壽(shou)命可(ke)達20年以(yi)上(shang)。EPS可(ke)以(yi)適(shi)應惡劣的(de)環(huan)境，如地下室、配電室甚至建筑豎井，也可(ke)以(yi)緊靠應急負荷使用場所就地設置(zhi)，減(jian)少供電線路(lu)。

　　對于某些功率教大的(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施，如：消防(fang)水泵、風機(ji)，EPS可直接與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)相連變頻啟動后，再進入正常運(yun)行狀態(tai)，省去(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)軟啟動和控制(zhi)箱等設置。標準型EPS應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源應急(ji)時間為1h（有(you)延時接口），可長可短，應用范圍(wei)廣泛。綜(zong)上所述(shu)，EPS應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源是(shi)一種(zhong)可靠的(de)綠色(se)應急(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，它(ta)非(fei)常適用于高(gao)層建筑消防(fang)設施沒有(you)第二路市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又不便(bian)使用柴油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)場合。

　　使(shi)用EPS應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)既可(ke)以滿足規范要求(qiu)，又(you)節(jie)省了(le)人力(li)、物力(li)。同時，EPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)也適用于(yu)一些(xie)工程中(zhong)的局部(bu)重(zhong)要場(chang)合(he)，作為(wei)末端(duan)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)備用電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。EPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)作為(wei)一種可(ke)靠的應(ying)急(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，可(ke)以靈活地(di)運用于(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)回路末端(duan)、個別重(zhong)要場(chang)合(he)。EPS應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的使(shi)用，為(wei)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安(an)全提供(gong)(gong)了(le)更有力(li)的保障。

　　UPS電源簡介

　　UPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem)不間斷電(dian)源，是(shi)一種含(han)有儲能裝置，以逆變(bian)器為主要(yao)組成(cheng)部分的(de)恒壓、恒頻的(de)不間斷電(dian)源。其主要(yao)作用是(shi)通過UPS系統，對計算機網絡系統或其他電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子設(she)備可靠而(er)不間斷地進(jin)行供電(dian)。

　　當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)輸入正常時，UPS將市(shi)電(dian)(dian)穩壓后(hou)(hou)供給(gei)負載使(shi)用，此(ci)時，UPS的(de)作(zuo)用相當(dang)于(yu)一臺交流(liu)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)穩壓器，同(tong)時它還向(xiang)機內儲能(neng)部(bu)分供電(dian)(dian)。當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)斷（事(shi)故停電(dian)(dian)）時，UPS立即(ji)將機內存儲的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過逆變轉(zhuan)換的(de)方法向(xiang)負載繼續供應220V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，使(shi)負載維持(chi)正常工作(zuo)并保護負載軟、硬件不受損(sun)壞，使(shi)整個網(wang)絡數(shu)據不會(hui)因斷電(dian)(dian)事(shi)故而導(dao)致數(shu)據丟失。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)按其工作(zuo)原(yuan)理可(ke)分為后(hou)(hou)備式、在線(xian)(xian)式以及在線(xian)(xian)互動式三(san)種。

       后(hou)備式UPS：平時(shi)處于蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)狀態(tai)，在停電(dian)時(shi)逆(ni)變(bian)器緊急切換到(dao)工作狀態(tai)，將電(dian)池提供的直流電(dian)轉變(bian)為穩(wen)定的交流電(dian)輸出，后(hou)備式UPS也被稱(cheng)為離線式UPS。后(hou)備式UPS電(dian)源的優點(dian)是：運行(xing)效(xiao)率高、噪音低(di)、價格相對(dui)便宜，主要(yao)適用于市電(dian)波(bo)動小，對(dui)供電(dian)質量要(yao)求低(di)的場合，比較(jiao)適合家庭(ting)使用。

　　然而(er)這種UPS的切(qie)(qie)換(huan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)很短，一般介于2～10ms，而(er)計(ji)算(suan)機本身的交換(huan)式電源供應器在斷電時(shi)(shi)可維持10ms左右，所以(yi)個(ge)(ge)人計(ji)算(suan)機系(xi)統一般不會因(yin)為這個(ge)(ge)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)而(er)出現問題。因(yin)此不適合用在關鍵性(xing)的，供電不能中斷的場(chang)所。后(hou)備(bei)式UPS一般只能持續供電幾分(fen)鐘到(dao)幾十(shi)分(fen)鐘，主要(yao)是(shi)讓您有時(shi)(shi)間(jian)備(bei)份(fen)數據，并盡快(kuai)結束手頭工(gong)作，其價格也比(bi)較低，比(bi)如個(ge)(ge)人家庭(ting)用戶，就可配(pei)備(bei)小(xiao)功率的后(hou)備(bei)式UPS。

        在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線式UPS：這種UPS一直(zhi)(zhi)使其逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器處(chu)于工作狀態(tai)，首先通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路將外部交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，再(zai)通(tong)過(guo)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器將直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)正弦(xian)波交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出(chu)給(gei)計(ji)算(suan)機。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線式UPS在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況下(xia)的(de)主要(yao)功(gong)能是(shi)穩(wen)壓及防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波干擾(rao)。停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時則使用備用直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)（蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組）給(gei)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由(you)于逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器一直(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工作，不存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)切(qie)換時間問題(ti)，因此適用于對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有嚴(yan)格(ge)要(yao)求的(de)場合(he)。

　　在(zai)線(xian)式UPS不同于后備式UPS，持續(xu)供電時(shi)間長，一般(ban)為幾(ji)個(ge)小時(shi)，甚至十幾(ji)個(ge)小時(shi)。它的(de)主要(yao)功(gong)能是讓您在(zai)停電的(de)情(qing)況下仍(reng)可像平常(chang)一樣工(gong)作。顯(xian)然，由于其功(gong)能的(de)特殊(shu)性，價格(ge)也明顯(xian)貴(gui)很多。比較適用于計算機、交通、銀行、證(zheng)券、通信、醫療、工(gong)業(ye)控制等電源要(yao)求嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)行業(ye)。

　　在(zai)(zai)線互動式UPS：這是一(yi)種智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)UPS，是指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)正常輸入(ru)時，UPS的(de)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)處于反向(xiang)工(gong)作(zuo)（即整流工(gong)作(zuo)狀態），給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)異常時逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)立(li)刻轉為逆(ni)變(bian)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)為交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出，同(tong)后(hou)備(bei)式UPS相(xiang)比(bi)，在(zai)(zai)線互動式UPS的(de)保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)較強，逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波形較好(hao)，一(yi)般為正弦波。具有較強的(de)軟(ruan)件功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，可(ke)以方(fang)便地上網進行UPS的(de)遠程控制和智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)管理。

　　可(ke)自動監(jian)測外部輸入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是否處于正常(chang)范圍之內，如有偏(pian)差可(ke)由穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)器升(sheng)壓(ya)或降壓(ya)，提(ti)供(gong)比較穩(wen)定的正弦波(bo)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。而且它與(yu)計算機(ji)之間可(ke)以通過(guo)數據接口（如RS-232串口）進(jin)行數據通訊，通過(guo)監(jian)控軟件，用戶(hu)可(ke)直接從電(dian)(dian)腦屏幕(mu)上監(jian)控電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及UPS狀況，方便管理工作(zuo)并可(ke)提(ti)高計算機(ji)系統(tong)的可(ke)靠性(xing)。這種UPS集中了后備(bei)式UPS效率高和在(zai)線式UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)質量(liang)高的優(you)點，但其穩(wen)頻性(xing)不是十分理想，不適合做長延時的UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。