UPS和EPS電源區別
隨著經濟的(de)(de)發展(zhan)和社會安全(quan)意識(shi)的(de)(de)加強,消防安全(quan)越來(lai)越被人們重視。EPS以(yi)其特有(you)的(de)(de)優越性(xing)得到(dao)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用。同(tong)時(shi),許多企(qi)業紛(fen)紛(fen)建(jian)立企(qi)業內部局(ju)域網(wang)(wang),網(wang)(wang)絡化辦公正逐漸(jian)成為(wei)一種(zhong)趨勢,UPS不間斷電(dian)源產(chan)業也得到(dao)了廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)發展(zhan),其中,生產(chan)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)源的(de)(de)企(qi)業在(zai)近十幾年(nian)中迅(xun)速增加。
為了適(shi)應應急(ji)電源(yuan)(yuan)迅速發(fa)展的需要,國家相關部門也陸續出臺了諸如《消(xiao)防應急(ji)燈具》(GB17945-2000)、《不間(jian)斷電源(yuan)(yuan)設備》(GB/T7260-187)、《信息技(ji)術設備用(yong)不間(jian)斷電源(yuan)(yuan)通用(yong)技(ji)術條件》(GB/T14715-1993)、《低壓(ya)直流電源(yuan)(yuan)設備的特(te)性和安全要求》(GB/T17478-1998)等相關標準。
然而,應急電源設(she)計與(yu)使用對電氣工(gong)程師而言(yan)還是(shi)一種比較新(xin)的(de)技術,很多工(gong)程師對EPS和(he)(he)UPS的(de)區(qu)別與(yu)聯(lian)系并不清楚。將對UPS和(he)(he)EPS電源的(de)區(qu)別進行介紹。
EPS電源簡介
EPS(EmergencySystem)是一種允許短時電(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)斷的(de)應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi),主要(yao)針對城市中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)層建筑中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)、消(xiao)防設施以及(ji)特別重要(yao)負荷,尤其在解決照明(ming)用電(dian)或(huo)(huo)只(zhi)(zhi)有一路(lu)市電(dian)缺少第二路(lu)電(dian)源(yuan),代替發電(dian)機(ji)組構成(cheng)第二電(dian)源(yuan)或(huo)(huo)在需要(yao)第三電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)場合使用時,能(neng)夠收到非常好的(de)效果。EPS電(dian)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)在供(gong)電(dian)網(wang)絡正常供(gong)電(dian)時,其應(ying)急(ji)供(gong)電(dian)系統處于“睡眠(mian)”的(de)充電(dian)浮狀態(tai),只(zhi)(zhi)有在應(ying)急(ji)狀態(tai)下才為(wei)負載供(gong)電(dian)。
EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的特點:當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,EPS處于靜態(tai),無(wu)(wu)噪音(yin)。有(you)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,噪音(yin)小于60db,不需排煙、防震處理,而且無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)、無(wu)(wu)火災隱患;市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),EPS可自動(dong)切換,實(shi)現無(wu)(wu)人值守。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相互(hu)切換的時間均為0.1~0.25s。其帶載能力強,適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感性、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容性及綜(zong)合(he)性負載的設備(bei)(bei),如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯、水(shui)泵、風機、辦公自動(dong)化設備(bei)(bei)、應急照明等,而且使(shi)用(yong)可靠。
由于EPS在市電(dian)正常(chang)時處于“睡眠(mian)”狀態(tai),只有市電(dian)斷電(dian)EPS才(cai)正式投入(ru)工(gong)作,所以(yi)主機壽命很長,某些(xie)廠家生產的(de)EPS電(dian)源(yuan)壽命可(ke)(ke)達20年以(yi)上。EPS可(ke)(ke)以(yi)適(shi)應惡(e)劣的(de)環境,如(ru)地下室、配(pei)電(dian)室甚(shen)至建筑豎井,也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)緊靠應急負(fu)荷使用場所就(jiu)地設置,減少(shao)供電(dian)線路。
對于(yu)某(mou)些功率教大的(de)用電(dian)設(she)(she)施,如:消(xiao)防(fang)水泵、風機,EPS可(ke)直接與電(dian)機相連(lian)變頻啟動后,再(zai)進(jin)入正常運行(xing)狀態,省去(qu)電(dian)機的(de)軟啟動和控制箱(xiang)等設(she)(she)置。標準型EPS應急(ji)電(dian)源應急(ji)時間為1h(有延時接口(kou)),可(ke)長可(ke)短,應用范圍廣泛。綜上所述,EPS應急(ji)電(dian)源是一種可(ke)靠的(de)綠色(se)應急(ji)供電(dian)電(dian)源,它非常適用于(yu)高(gao)層建(jian)筑消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)(she)施沒(mei)有第二路市電(dian),又(you)不便使(shi)用柴(chai)油發電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)場合。
使用(yong)(yong)EPS應急(ji)電(dian)源既可以滿足規范(fan)要(yao)(yao)求,又節省了人力、物(wu)力。同時,EPS電(dian)源也適用(yong)(yong)于一些工程中的(de)局部重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)場合(he),作為末(mo)端(duan)應急(ji)備用(yong)(yong)電(dian)源。EPS電(dian)源作為一種可靠的(de)應急(ji)供電(dian)電(dian)源,可以靈(ling)活地運用(yong)(yong)于消(xiao)防供電(dian)回路(lu)末(mo)端(duan)、個別重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)場合(he)。EPS應急(ji)電(dian)源的(de)使用(yong)(yong),為消(xiao)防安全提供了更有(you)力的(de)保障。
UPS電源簡介
UPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem)不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)源,是一(yi)種含有儲能(neng)裝置,以逆變器為(wei)主要組(zu)成部分(fen)的恒壓、恒頻的不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)源。其主要作(zuo)用是通(tong)過UPS系統,對計算(suan)機網絡系統或其他(ta)電(dian)力電(dian)子設備(bei)可(ke)靠而不(bu)間斷(duan)地(di)進(jin)行供電(dian)。
當市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸入正常時(shi),UPS將市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)穩壓后供給負載(zai)使(shi)用,此(ci)時(shi),UPS的作用相當于(yu)一臺(tai)交流市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)穩壓器,同時(shi)它還向機(ji)內儲(chu)能(neng)部(bu)分供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷(duan)(事(shi)故停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))時(shi),UPS立即將機(ji)內存儲(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過逆變轉換(huan)的方法向負載(zai)繼續供應220V交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),使(shi)負載(zai)維持正常工作并保護負載(zai)軟、硬件不(bu)受損(sun)壞,使(shi)整個網絡數據(ju)不(bu)會因斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故而導致數據(ju)丟失。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源按其工作原理(li)可分為后備式(shi)、在線式(shi)以及在線互動式(shi)三種。
后備(bei)式UPS:平時處于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態,在停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時逆變器緊急切換到(dao)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態,將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉變為穩定的(de)(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)出,后備(bei)式UPS也被稱為離(li)線(xian)式UPS。后備(bei)式UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)優點是:運行效率高、噪音(yin)低、價格相對便宜(yi),主要適用于市電(dian)(dian)(dian)波動小,對供電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量要求低的(de)(de)場合(he)(he),比(bi)較適合(he)(he)家庭使用。
然而這種UPS的切(qie)換(huan)時間很短,一(yi)般(ban)介(jie)于2~10ms,而計(ji)算機(ji)本身的交換(huan)式(shi)電(dian)源供(gong)應器(qi)在斷電(dian)時可維持10ms左右,所(suo)以(yi)個人(ren)計(ji)算機(ji)系(xi)統(tong)一(yi)般(ban)不會因(yin)為這個切(qie)換(huan)時間而出現(xian)問題。因(yin)此(ci)不適合用(yong)在關鍵性的,供(gong)電(dian)不能中斷的場所(suo)。后備(bei)式(shi)UPS一(yi)般(ban)只能持續供(gong)電(dian)幾(ji)分鐘到(dao)幾(ji)十(shi)分鐘,主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)讓您有(you)時間備(bei)份數據,并(bing)盡快結(jie)束手頭工作(zuo),其價格也比(bi)較低,比(bi)如個人(ren)家庭用(yong)戶(hu),就可配(pei)備(bei)小功率的后備(bei)式(shi)UPS。
在(zai)線式UPS:這種UPS一直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使其逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)處于(yu)工(gong)作狀態,首先(xian)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)將(jiang)外(wai)部交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉變(bian)為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian),再通(tong)(tong)過(guo)高質(zhi)量的(de)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為高質(zhi)量的(de)正弦波交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)輸出給計算機。在(zai)線式UPS在(zai)供電(dian)(dian)狀況下的(de)主要功能是穩(wen)壓及防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)波干(gan)擾。停電(dian)(dian)時則使用備(bei)用直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組)給逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)供電(dian)(dian)。由(you)于(yu)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)一直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)作,不存在(zai)切換(huan)時間(jian)問(wen)題(ti),因此適用于(yu)對電(dian)(dian)源有嚴(yan)格要求的(de)場(chang)合。
在(zai)(zai)線式UPS不同于(yu)后(hou)備式UPS,持續供電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間長,一般為幾個小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),甚至十幾個小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。它的(de)主要功能是讓(rang)您在(zai)(zai)停電(dian)的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)仍可像平常(chang)一樣工作。顯然,由(you)于(yu)其功能的(de)特殊性,價格也(ye)明顯貴很多。比(bi)較適(shi)用于(yu)計算機、交通、銀行(xing)、證券、通信、醫(yi)療、工業(ye)控制(zhi)等(deng)電(dian)源要求嚴格的(de)行(xing)業(ye)。
在線(xian)互(hu)動(dong)式(shi)UPS:這是一種智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)UPS,是指在市電(dian)(dian)(dian)正常(chang)輸(shu)入時(shi)(shi),UPS的(de)(de)逆變器(qi)處于(yu)反向(xiang)工(gong)作(即整流工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態),給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在市電(dian)(dian)(dian)異常(chang)時(shi)(shi)逆變器(qi)立刻轉為逆變工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態,將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換為交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)出(chu),同后備式(shi)UPS相比,在線(xian)互(hu)動(dong)式(shi)UPS的(de)(de)保(bao)護功能(neng)(neng)(neng)較(jiao)強(qiang),逆變器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波形(xing)較(jiao)好,一般為正弦波。具有較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)軟件功能(neng)(neng)(neng),可以方便地上網進行UPS的(de)(de)遠程控制和(he)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)管理(li)。
可(ke)自動(dong)監測外部(bu)輸入電(dian)壓(ya)是否(fou)處于正(zheng)常范圍(wei)之內(nei),如有偏差可(ke)由(you)穩壓(ya)電(dian)器升壓(ya)或降(jiang)壓(ya),提(ti)供(gong)比(bi)較穩定(ding)的(de)(de)正(zheng)弦(xian)波輸出電(dian)壓(ya)。而且它(ta)與計(ji)算(suan)機之間(jian)可(ke)以通(tong)過數(shu)(shu)據接(jie)口(如RS-232串口)進行數(shu)(shu)據通(tong)訊,通(tong)過監控(kong)軟(ruan)件,用戶可(ke)直接(jie)從(cong)電(dian)腦屏幕(mu)上(shang)監控(kong)電(dian)源及UPS狀況(kuang),方便管(guan)理(li)工作并可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機系統的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)。這種UPS集中了后備式UPS效率高(gao)(gao)和在線式UPS供(gong)電(dian)質量高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)優點,但(dan)其穩頻性(xing)不是十分理(li)想,不適合做(zuo)長延時(shi)的(de)(de)UPS電(dian)源。
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