隨著經濟的(de)發展(zhan)和社會安全意識的(de)加強，消防安全越來越被(bei)人們重視。EPS以其特(te)有的(de)優(you)越性得到廣泛的(de)應(ying)(ying)用。同(tong)時(shi)，許多企(qi)業紛紛建立企(qi)業內部局域網(wang)，網(wang)絡化辦(ban)公正(zheng)逐漸成(cheng)為一種(zhong)趨(qu)勢，UPS不間斷(duan)電源產(chan)業也得到了廣闊的(de)發展(zhan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)，生產(chan)應(ying)(ying)急電源的(de)企(qi)業在近十幾年中(zhong)(zhong)迅速(su)增(zeng)加。

　　為了(le)適應應急電(dian)源(yuan)迅速發展的(de)需(xu)要，國家相(xiang)關部門也陸續出臺了(le)諸(zhu)如(ru)《消防(fang)應急燈(deng)具》（GB17945-2000）、《不(bu)間斷電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備》（GB/T7260-187）、《信息技術(shu)設(she)備用(yong)不(bu)間斷電(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)用(yong)技術(shu)條(tiao)件》（GB/T14715-1993）、《低壓直(zhi)流電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備的(de)特性(xing)和安全要求》（GB/T17478-1998）等相(xiang)關標準(zhun)。

　　然而，應(ying)急電(dian)源設計(ji)與使用(yong)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)氣工(gong)程師而言還是一(yi)種比(bi)較新的(de)(de)技術，很多工(gong)程師對(dui)(dui)EPS和UPS的(de)(de)區(qu)別(bie)與聯系并(bing)不清楚。將對(dui)(dui)UPS和EPS電(dian)源的(de)(de)區(qu)別(bie)進行介紹。

　　EPS電源簡介

　　EPS（EmergencySystem）是一種允許短時(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)中斷的(de)(de)應急(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)裝置，主要針(zhen)對(dui)城市(shi)中高層建筑(zhu)中的(de)(de)應急(ji)照明、消(xiao)防(fang)設施(shi)以及特(te)別重(zhong)要負荷，尤(you)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)解(jie)決照明用電(dian)或(huo)只(zhi)有(you)一路市(shi)電(dian)缺(que)少第二(er)路電(dian)源(yuan)，代(dai)替(ti)發電(dian)機組(zu)構成第二(er)電(dian)源(yuan)或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)需要第三電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)場合使用時(shi)，能夠收到非常好的(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。EPS電(dian)源(yuan)裝置在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)網絡正常供(gong)(gong)電(dian)時(shi)，其(qi)應急(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)系統處(chu)于“睡眠”的(de)(de)充電(dian)浮狀態(tai)，只(zhi)有(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)應急(ji)狀態(tai)下才為負載供(gong)(gong)電(dian)。

　　EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)特點：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，EPS處于(yu)靜(jing)態，無(wu)(wu)噪(zao)音(yin)。有市電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，噪(zao)音(yin)小于(yu)60db，不(bu)需(xu)排煙、防震處理(li)，而且無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)、無(wu)(wu)火災隱患；市電(dian)(dian)(dian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)，EPS可自動切(qie)換(huan)(huan)，實現無(wu)(wu)人值守。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)相互切(qie)換(huan)(huan)的(de)時間均為0.1～0.25s。其帶載(zai)能力強，適(shi)用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感性、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容性及綜合性負(fu)載(zai)的(de)設備，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、水泵、風機(ji)、辦公自動化設備、應急照明(ming)等(deng)，而且使用可靠。

　　由于EPS在市(shi)電正常時處于“睡眠”狀態，只有(you)市(shi)電斷電EPS才正式投入(ru)工作，所以(yi)主機壽命很長，某些廠家(jia)生產的EPS電源(yuan)壽命可(ke)達20年以(yi)上。EPS可(ke)以(yi)適應惡劣的環境，如地(di)(di)下室、配電室甚至(zhi)建筑豎井，也可(ke)以(yi)緊(jin)靠應急負荷(he)使(shi)用場所就地(di)(di)設置，減少供電線路。

　　對(dui)于(yu)某些(xie)功率教大的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)，如：消(xiao)防水泵、風機(ji)(ji)，EPS可(ke)(ke)直接與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)相連變頻(pin)啟動后，再進入正(zheng)常運行狀態，省去電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)軟啟動和(he)控制箱(xiang)等設(she)置。標準型EPS應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源應急(ji)時間為1h（有延時接口），可(ke)(ke)長可(ke)(ke)短(duan)，應用(yong)范(fan)圍廣泛。綜(zong)上(shang)所述，EPS應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源是(shi)一種(zhong)可(ke)(ke)靠的(de)(de)綠色應急(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，它非常適用(yong)于(yu)高層建筑(zhu)消(xiao)防設(she)施(shi)沒有第二路市電(dian)(dian)(dian)，又不便使用(yong)柴油(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)場合。

　　使(shi)用(yong)(yong)EPS應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源既可(ke)以滿足規范要(yao)(yao)求，又節省了(le)人力(li)、物(wu)力(li)。同(tong)時，EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源也適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)一(yi)些工(gong)程中的(de)局部重要(yao)(yao)場合，作為末端(duan)應急(ji)備用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。EPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源作為一(yi)種(zhong)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)應急(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，可(ke)以靈(ling)活地運用(yong)(yong)于(yu)消(xiao)防供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路末端(duan)、個別重要(yao)(yao)場合。EPS應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，為消(xiao)防安全提供(gong)了(le)更(geng)有力(li)的(de)保障。

　　UPS電源簡介

　　UPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem)不間斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電源，是一種(zhong)含有儲能(neng)裝置，以逆(ni)變器為主要(yao)組成部(bu)分的恒壓、恒頻(pin)的不間斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電源。其(qi)(qi)主要(yao)作用是通(tong)過UPS系統，對計(ji)算機網絡系統或其(qi)(qi)他電力電子設(she)備可靠(kao)而(er)不間斷(duan)(duan)(duan)地進(jin)行供電。

　　當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸入正常(chang)時，UPS將市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)穩壓后供(gong)(gong)給負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)使用(yong)，此(ci)時，UPS的作(zuo)用(yong)相當(dang)于一臺交流市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)穩壓器，同(tong)時它還(huan)向(xiang)機內(nei)儲能部分供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷（事故停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）時，UPS立即將機內(nei)存儲的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過逆變轉換(huan)的方法向(xiang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)繼續供(gong)(gong)應220V交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)維(wei)持(chi)正常(chang)工作(zuo)并保護負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)軟(ruan)、硬件不受損(sun)壞，使整個網絡(luo)數據(ju)不會因斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事故而導(dao)致數據(ju)丟失。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源按其工作(zuo)原理(li)可分為后備(bei)式、在(zai)線(xian)式以及在(zai)線(xian)互動(dong)式三種(zhong)。

       后備(bei)式UPS：平時處于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，在停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時逆變器緊急切(qie)換到工作狀態(tai)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提(ti)供的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)變為穩定的(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)出，后備(bei)式UPS也被(bei)稱為離(li)線(xian)式UPS。后備(bei)式UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)優點是：運行效率高、噪音(yin)低(di)、價格相對便宜，主要(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)用于(yu)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波動小，對供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)質(zhi)量要(yao)(yao)求低(di)的(de)場合，比(bi)較適(shi)(shi)合家庭使用。

　　然而(er)這(zhe)種UPS的(de)(de)(de)切(qie)換時間(jian)很短(duan)，一般(ban)介于2～10ms，而(er)計算(suan)(suan)機本身的(de)(de)(de)交換式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供應器在(zai)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)時可(ke)維持(chi)10ms左右，所(suo)(suo)以個人計算(suan)(suan)機系統(tong)一般(ban)不會(hui)因為(wei)這(zhe)個切(qie)換時間(jian)而(er)出現問(wen)題。因此不適合用(yong)在(zai)關鍵性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)不能中(zhong)斷的(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)(suo)。后(hou)備式(shi)UPS一般(ban)只能持(chi)續供電(dian)(dian)(dian)幾分鐘到幾十(shi)分鐘，主(zhu)要是讓您有時間(jian)備份數據，并盡快結束手頭工(gong)作，其價格也比(bi)較低，比(bi)如個人家(jia)庭用(yong)戶，就可(ke)配(pei)備小(xiao)功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)備式(shi)UPS。

        在線式UPS：這(zhe)種UPS一(yi)直(zhi)使(shi)其逆(ni)變器處于(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀態，首先通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路將(jiang)外部(bu)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉變為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，再通(tong)過(guo)(guo)高質(zhi)量的逆(ni)變器將(jiang)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)高質(zhi)量的正(zheng)弦波交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出給計算機。在線式UPS在供電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況(kuang)下(xia)的主要功能是穩壓及防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)波干(gan)擾(rao)。停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)則使(shi)用備用直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源（蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組）給逆(ni)變器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)逆(ni)變器一(yi)直(zhi)在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，不存在切(qie)換時(shi)間問題，因此適用于(yu)(yu)(yu)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源有(you)嚴格(ge)要求的場合。

　　在(zai)線式(shi)UPS不同于(yu)后備式(shi)UPS，持續供電(dian)時間(jian)長，一般為幾個小時，甚至十幾個小時。它的主要功能是讓您在(zai)停電(dian)的情(qing)況下仍可(ke)像(xiang)平常一樣工作(zuo)。顯然，由于(yu)其功能的特殊性(xing)，價格(ge)也(ye)明顯貴很多。比較適用于(yu)計(ji)算機、交通(tong)、銀行、證券(quan)、通(tong)信、醫(yi)療、工業控制等電(dian)源要求嚴格(ge)的行業。

　　在線互(hu)動式(shi)UPS：這是(shi)(shi)一種智(zhi)能化的(de)(de)UPS，是(shi)(shi)指在市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)正常(chang)輸(shu)入(ru)時，UPS的(de)(de)逆變(bian)(bian)器處于反向工作(zuo)(zuo)（即整流(liu)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態），給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)異常(chang)時逆變(bian)(bian)器立刻轉為(wei)逆變(bian)(bian)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉換為(wei)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)出(chu)，同(tong)后備式(shi)UPS相比，在線互(hu)動式(shi)UPS的(de)(de)保護(hu)功能較(jiao)強，逆變(bian)(bian)器輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)(bo)形較(jiao)好，一般為(wei)正弦波(bo)(bo)。具有較(jiao)強的(de)(de)軟(ruan)件功能，可以方(fang)便(bian)地上網進行UPS的(de)(de)遠程控制和智(zhi)能化管(guan)理。

　　可(ke)(ke)自(zi)動(dong)監測(ce)外部輸入電(dian)壓(ya)是否(fou)處(chu)于正常(chang)范圍之內，如有(you)偏(pian)差可(ke)(ke)由穩壓(ya)電(dian)器升壓(ya)或降壓(ya)，提供(gong)比較穩定的正弦波(bo)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)。而且(qie)它與計算機之間可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)數據接口（如RS-232串口）進(jin)行(xing)數據通(tong)訊，通(tong)過(guo)監控軟件，用戶(hu)可(ke)(ke)直接從電(dian)腦屏幕上監控電(dian)源及(ji)UPS狀況(kuang)，方便管理工作并可(ke)(ke)提高(gao)計算機系統的可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)。這種UPS集中了后備式UPS效率高(gao)和在線式UPS供(gong)電(dian)質量高(gao)的優點，但(dan)其穩頻(pin)性(xing)不是十分(fen)理想，不適合做長延時(shi)的UPS電(dian)源。