充電機如何控制過充?
我們平時給充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian),當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)后(hou)我們就直接(jie)把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)線拔掉,其實這(zhe)樣的(de)作法是(shi)完全錯誤的(de)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)工作完成后(hou),需要給充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)堵截充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流,否則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池將出現大量出氣、失水和(he)溫升(sheng)等過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)反應,這(zhe)將危及到蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用壽命。因(yin)此,隨時監測蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)情況是(shi)非常有必要的(de),確保電(dian)(dian)池能夠把電(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)并且(qie)又不過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。主要的(de)停充(chong)(chong)(chong)操控(kong)辦法有:
1、恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)電定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)控制法,電池充(chong)(chong)電充(chong)(chong)滿時(shi)(shi)(shi),我(wo)們(men)可(ke)以看電池的(de)容量大小,根據(ju)電流大小來確(que)認。這樣我(wo)們(men)就要先預定(ding)(ding)好(hao)充(chong)(chong)電的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間,預定(ding)(ding)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)(shi)間一到,充(chong)(chong)電機就發布信號(hao)停充(chong)(chong)。定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)器可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)(shi)間繼(ji)電器充(chong)(chong)當(dang),或許(xu)由單(dan)片機承當(dang)其(qi)功(gong)用。這種辦法簡單(dan),但(dan)充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不能依據(ju)電池充(chong)(chong)電前狀況(kuang)而自動調(diao)整,因此實(shi)際充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)(shi),可(ke)能會出現有時(shi)(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)過充(chong)(chong)的(de)表(biao)象;
2、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)操,正常充電(dian)(dian)情況下,蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化并不明顯,當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)充時,內部氣體壓力將快(kuai)速增(zeng)大,負極板上(shang)(shang)氧(yang)化反響(xiang)使內部發(fa)熱,溫(wen)度(du)(du)快(kuai)速上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)。因(yin)此,調查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的改變,即(ji)可判別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否現(xian)已充溢(yi)。通常選用兩只熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)別離檢(jian)(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)度(du)(du),當兩者溫(wen)差到達一(yi)定值時,即(ji)宣(xuan)布停充信號。因(yin)為熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態響(xiang)應速度(du)(du)較慢,故不能(neng)及(ji)時精確地檢(jian)(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的滿充狀(zhuang)況
3、電(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)壓(ya)負增(zeng)量一般而言,當(dang)(dang)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)后,其端電(dian)壓(ya)將呈(cheng)現降(jiang)低趨勢,據此可(ke)將電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)出現負增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)作為停充(chong)時間(jian)。與溫度操控法比較(jiao),這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)辦法呼(hu)應速度快,此外(wai),電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)負增(zeng)量與電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)無關,因此這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)停充(chong)操控辦法可(ke)適應具有不一樣單格電(dian)池(chi)數的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)。此辦法的(de)(de)(de)缺陷是一般的(de)(de)(de)檢測器靈敏度和可(ke)靠性不高,同時,當(dang)(dang)環境溫度較(jiao)高時,電(dian)池(chi)足(zu)夠電(dian)后電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)減小(xiao)并不顯著(zhu),因此難以操控;
4、使(shi)用極(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓操控(kong)通(tong)常情況下(xia),蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓出(chu)現在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)剛好充滿后,選用有關專利技術來(lai)測量每(mei)個(ge)單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,這樣(yang)就使(shi)每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)它(ta)(ta)自身所需求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)程度(du)。研討(tao)表明(ming),因為每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在幾何結構、化(hua)(hua)學性(xing)質及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)學特性(xing)等方面至少存(cun)在一些細微的(de)不同(tong),那么依據(ju)每(mei)個(ge)單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)特性(xing)來(lai)斷定(ding)它(ta)(ta)所需求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水平會比把蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)作(zuo)為一個(ge)整體(ti)來(lai)操控(kong)的(de)辦法更加(jia)適宜一些。
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