為了可以(yi)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)期間(jian)的可靠性(xing)(xing)和穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機，我(wo)們(men)(men)將使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)源管理芯片以(yi)控制電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流，但是使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)源管理電(dian)(dian)路的芯片設計時，我(wo)們(men)(men)往往電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)有(you)工作充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路有(you)些混亂(luan)機的各個時期的狀態和電(dian)(dian)路設計方面(mian)的考慮。

??電(dian)池充電(dian)方式簡(jian)介

??理(li)論(lun)上為了防(fang)止因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不當而造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命縮短，我們將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程分為四個階段：涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(低壓預充(chong)(chong)，此狀態(tai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比較低，實(shi)際使用時，建(jian)議將(jiang)(jiang)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠壓保護(hu)點提(ti)高(gao)，避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出現過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象)、恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止。

??典型的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是：先(xian)(xian)檢(jian)測待(dai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低(di)情況下，先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)預充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)設定的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)1/10，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)到(dao)一定值后，進(jin)(jin)入標(biao)準(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)。標(biao)準(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)為(wei)：以最大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)持續穩定上(shang)升(sheng)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)到(dao)接近設定的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，改為(wei)恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，此時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸下降(jiang)(jiang)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降(jiang)(jiang)至最大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)1/10時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束。

??但在(zai)實際(ji)應用中，為增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)次數和縮(suo)短充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，我們會將鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)欠壓保(bao)護點提高，同時設定的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)于標稱值，這(zhe)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)便不會存在(zai)過充(chong)與過放現(xian)象，且可(ke)以(yi)避(bi)開“預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”階段，直接進(jin)行(xing)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，縮(suo)短充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。

??充(chong)電(dian)機電(dian)路設計(ji)應注意的事項

??若(ruo)設計(ji)的蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路沒有防倒(dao)(dao)灌保護(hu)，將會(hui)產生許多(duo)危(wei)害。以輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)接2節(jie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯(lian)為(wei)例(li)，若(ruo)僅將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源去(qu)除，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機沒有移除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流倒(dao)(dao)灌至(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)白白損(sun)失。且更嚴重的安全(quan)隱患是：對于(yu)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)來說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)，經芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)內(nei)部功(gong)率管(guan)寄生的二極管(guan)倒(dao)(dao)灌至(zhi)(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)的VIN端(duan)(duan)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))低于(yu)設定值時(shi)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)FB點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)應的也(ye)會(hui)低于(yu)標(biao)稱(cheng)值，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)開始工作來提高(gao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya);由于(yu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)幾乎與輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)相(xiang)等，對于(yu)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)來說，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)無(wu)法給輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)提供(gong)能量(liang)(liang)，導致FB點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一直低于(yu)標(biao)稱(cheng)值，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)進入占空比100%的工作狀態。

??如(ru)果輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)的(de)電源(yuan)突然恢復，則(ze)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)的(de)電源(yuan)將(jiang)通過已接通的(de)電源(yuan)管(guan)將(jiang)能(neng)(neng)量直接傳輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)到輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)。由于輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出之間的(de)壓差，一個相對較大(da)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)會在瞬間流(liu)(liu)(liu)過功率(lv)管(guan)。如(ru)果此時(shi)由于其他不可控制的(de)原因(yin)，導致核心不能(neng)(neng)及時(shi)有效地響應關閉電源(yuan)管(guan)，則(ze)大(da)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)可能(neng)(neng)導致芯片至部分開關管(guan)損壞(huai)。因(yin)此，在蓄電池充電電路(lu)的(de)設(she)計中需要(yao)增加防回(hui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)措施。