為了可以(yi)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)期間(jian)的可靠性(xing)和(he)穩(wen)定性(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，我們將使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管理芯片以(yi)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，但是使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管理電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的芯片設計時，我們往往電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)工作充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路有(you)些混亂(luan)機(ji)的各個(ge)時期的狀態和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設計方面的考慮。

??電(dian)池充電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)簡介(jie)

??理論(lun)上(shang)為了防止(zhi)(zhi)因充電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)當而造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命縮(suo)短，我們將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程分(fen)為四個階段：涓流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(低壓預充，此狀(zhuang)態的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比較低，實際使(shi)用時，建議將(jiang)(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池欠(qian)壓保(bao)護點(dian)提高，避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)池出現過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象(xiang))、恒流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)以及充電(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)(zhi)。

??典型的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)是：先檢(jian)測(ce)待充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)較低情況下，先進行預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為設(she)定(ding)的(de)最(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)1/10，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升(sheng)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)值后，進入標準充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程。標準充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程為：以(yi)最(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)持續(xu)穩定(ding)上升(sheng)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升(sheng)到(dao)接(jie)近設(she)定(ding)的(de)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，改為恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，此(ci)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)漸下降，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降至最(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)1/10時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)。

??但在實(shi)際應(ying)用中，為增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數和縮短充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，我們會將鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)護點提高，同時(shi)設定的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于標稱值(zhi)，這樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池便不會存(cun)在過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)與過放(fang)現象(xiang)，且可以(yi)避開“預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”階段，直接(jie)進行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，縮短充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。

??充電機(ji)電路(lu)設(she)計應注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)事(shi)項

??若(ruo)設計的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)沒有防倒(dao)灌保護，將會產生(sheng)許多危害。以輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)接(jie)2節(jie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)串聯為例，若(ruo)僅將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源去除(chu)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機沒有移除(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)倒(dao)灌至(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量白白損(sun)失。且更嚴重的(de)(de)安(an)全隱患是：對于降壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)來說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)從(cong)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)，經(jing)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)內(nei)部功率管(guan)寄生(sheng)的(de)(de)二極管(guan)倒(dao)灌至(zhi)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)VIN端(duan)(duan)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))低于設定值時，芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)FB點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相應的(de)(de)也會低于標稱值，芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)開始工作來提高(gao)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya);由于輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)幾(ji)乎(hu)與輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)相等，對于降壓(ya)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)來說(shuo)，輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)無法(fa)給輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)提供能量，導致FB點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一(yi)直低于標稱值，芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)進(jin)入(ru)占空(kong)比100%的(de)(de)工作狀態。

??如(ru)(ru)果輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)突然恢復(fu)，則(ze)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)將(jiang)通過(guo)已接通的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)將(jiang)能量直接傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)到(dao)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)。由于(yu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)和(he)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)差，一(yi)個相對較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)會在瞬(shun)間(jian)流(liu)過(guo)功率管(guan)。如(ru)(ru)果此時由于(yu)其他不(bu)(bu)可控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因，導(dao)致核心不(bu)(bu)能及(ji)時有效地響應關(guan)閉電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)，則(ze)大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)可能導(dao)致芯片至(zhi)部(bu)分開關(guan)管(guan)損壞。因此，在蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計中需要增加防回流(liu)措(cuo)施。