為了(le)可以(yi)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)期(qi)(qi)間的(de)(de)可靠性和(he)穩定性，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，我們將使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理(li)芯片以(yi)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，但是使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)芯片設計時(shi)，我們往(wang)往(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有工(gong)作(zuo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有些混亂(luan)機(ji)的(de)(de)各個(ge)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)狀態和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設計方面的(de)(de)考慮。

??電池充(chong)電方式(shi)簡介(jie)

??理論上為了防止因充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不當(dang)而(er)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命縮短，我們將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程分為四個(ge)階段：涓(juan)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(低(di)壓(ya)預充(chong)，此狀態的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比較低(di)，實際使用時，建議將鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)欠(qian)壓(ya)保護點(dian)提高，避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現(xian)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象)、恒流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以及(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)終止。

??典(dian)型的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是：先檢測待充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)較低情況下，先進行預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)設定的(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)1/10，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升(sheng)到一定值(zhi)后，進入標準充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程。標準充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程為(wei)：以(yi)最(zui)(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)持續穩定上升(sheng)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升(sheng)到接近設定的(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時，改(gai)為(wei)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，此時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)下降，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)下降至最(zui)(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)1/10時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束。

??但在實(shi)際應用(yong)中，為增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數和縮短充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，我(wo)們會將鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池欠壓保護點提高，同(tong)時(shi)設定(ding)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于標稱值，這樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池便(bian)不(bu)會存在過(guo)充(chong)(chong)與(yu)過(guo)放現象，且可以避開“預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”階段(duan)，直接進行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，縮短充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。

??充電(dian)機(ji)電(dian)路設計應注意的事項

??若設(she)計的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路沒(mei)有防倒(dao)灌(guan)(guan)保護，將(jiang)會產生許多危害(hai)。以(yi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端接(jie)2節鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯為例(li)，若僅將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)去(qu)除(chu)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機沒(mei)有移(yi)除(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)倒(dao)灌(guan)(guan)至充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)白白損失。且更嚴重的(de)(de)安全隱患是：對于降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)來說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)從輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端，經(jing)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)內部功(gong)率管寄生的(de)(de)二(er)極(ji)管倒(dao)灌(guan)(guan)至芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)VIN端，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))低于設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)時，芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)FB點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)也會低于標稱值(zhi)，芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)開始(shi)工(gong)作來提高輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya);由于輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)幾乎與輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端相(xiang)等，對于降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)來說，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端無法(fa)給輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端提供能量(liang)，導(dao)致FB點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一直低于標稱值(zhi)，芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)進入(ru)占空(kong)比100%的(de)(de)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態。

??如果輸(shu)入端的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)突(tu)然恢(hui)復，則(ze)輸(shu)入端的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)通(tong)過已接(jie)通(tong)的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)將(jiang)(jiang)能量直接(jie)傳輸(shu)到輸(shu)出端。由于輸(shu)入和(he)輸(shu)出之(zhi)間的(de)壓差，一個(ge)相對較大的(de)電(dian)流(liu)會(hui)在瞬(shun)間流(liu)過功率管(guan)(guan)(guan)。如果此時(shi)由于其他不(bu)可控制的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)，導(dao)致(zhi)核(he)心不(bu)能及時(shi)有(you)效地響應關閉電(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，則(ze)大電(dian)流(liu)可能導(dao)致(zhi)芯片至部分開關管(guan)(guan)(guan)損壞。因(yin)此，在蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)電(dian)路的(de)設(she)計中需(xu)要增加防回流(liu)措施。