為了可以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)期間的可靠(kao)性和穩定性，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，我們(men)(men)將使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理(li)芯片以控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，但(dan)是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的芯片設計時，我們(men)(men)往往電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有工作(zuo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有些混(hun)亂(luan)機的各(ge)個時期的狀態和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設計方面的考慮。

??電池充電方式簡介

??理(li)論上為了(le)防止因充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)不(bu)當而造成(cheng)電(dian)池壽命縮短，我們(men)將(jiang)電(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程分(fen)為四個階段：涓流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，此狀態的電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比較(jiao)低(di)，實際使(shi)用時，建議將(jiang)鋰電(dian)池欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護點提高，避免電(dian)池出(chu)現(xian)過放電(dian)現(xian)象(xiang))、恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)、恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)以及(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)終(zhong)止。

??典(dian)型(xing)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是：先(xian)檢測(ce)待充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較低(di)情況下(xia)，先(xian)進行預(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)設(she)定(ding)的(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)1/10，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)(sheng)到一定(ding)值后(hou)，進入標(biao)準充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。標(biao)準充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程為(wei)：以最(zui)大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓持續穩定(ding)上升(sheng)(sheng)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)(sheng)到接近設(she)定(ding)的(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)，改為(wei)恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸下(xia)降(jiang)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)下(xia)降(jiang)至(zhi)最(zui)大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)1/10時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)。

??但(dan)在實際應用中，為增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次數和縮(suo)(suo)短充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，我們(men)會將鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池欠(qian)壓保護點提(ti)高，同時設定的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于標(biao)稱(cheng)值，這樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池便不會存在過充與過放(fang)現象，且(qie)可以(yi)避開“預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”階(jie)段(duan)，直(zhi)接進(jin)行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，縮(suo)(suo)短充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。

??充電機電路設計應注(zhu)意的事(shi)項

??若設計(ji)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路沒(mei)有(you)(you)防倒灌保護，將會產(chan)生(sheng)許多危害。以(yi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)接2節鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)串聯為例，若僅將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源去除，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機沒(mei)有(you)(you)移除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流倒灌至充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量白白損失(shi)。且更嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)隱患是：對于(yu)降(jiang)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)來說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)，經芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)內(nei)部功率管(guan)寄(ji)生(sheng)的(de)(de)二極管(guan)倒灌至芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)VIN端(duan)(duan)(duan)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))低(di)(di)于(yu)設定值(zhi)時，芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)FB點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)也會低(di)(di)于(yu)標稱值(zhi)，芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)開始工(gong)作來提高(gao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya);由于(yu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)幾乎(hu)與輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)相(xiang)等，對于(yu)降(jiang)壓(ya)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)來說(shuo)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)無法給(gei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)提供能量，導(dao)致(zhi)FB點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一直低(di)(di)于(yu)標稱值(zhi)，芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)進入占(zhan)空比100%的(de)(de)工(gong)作狀態(tai)。

??如果輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)突然恢復，則輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)將通過(guo)已接(jie)通的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)將能量直接(jie)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)到輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端。由(you)于輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)和輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)壓差，一(yi)個相(xiang)對較大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會在瞬(shun)間(jian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)功率管(guan)(guan)。如果此(ci)時由(you)于其(qi)他不可(ke)控制的(de)(de)原因，導(dao)致核心(xin)不能及(ji)時有(you)效地(di)響(xiang)應(ying)關(guan)閉電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)，則大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可(ke)能導(dao)致芯片至部分(fen)開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)損壞。因此(ci)，在蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)設計(ji)中需(xu)要增加防回流(liu)(liu)措施。