為了可(ke)以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)再充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)期(qi)間的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性和(he)穩定(ding)性，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，我們將使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管(guan)理芯(xin)片以控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，但是使用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管(guan)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)芯(xin)片設(she)計時，我們往往電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)工作充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有(you)些(xie)混亂機的(de)(de)各個時期(qi)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設(she)計方面的(de)(de)考慮(lv)。

??電池充電方式簡介

??理論上為(wei)了防止(zhi)因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不當而造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命縮(suo)短，我們將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)分為(wei)四(si)個階段：涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(低(di)壓(ya)預充(chong)(chong)，此(ci)狀態的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比較低(di)，實際使用時，建議將(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)欠壓(ya)保(bao)護點提高，避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)出現過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象)、恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)。

??典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是：先(xian)檢測(ce)待充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較低情況下(xia)，先(xian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為設定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/10，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)到一(yi)定值(zhi)后，進(jin)(jin)入標(biao)準充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)。標(biao)準充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)為：以最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)持(chi)續穩(wen)定上升(sheng)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)到接近(jin)設定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，改為恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，此時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸下(xia)降(jiang)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下(xia)降(jiang)至最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/10時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束。

??但在(zai)實(shi)際應用中(zhong)，為增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次數和縮(suo)短(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，我(wo)們會將鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池欠壓保護點(dian)提高，同時(shi)設定的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于(yu)標(biao)稱值，這樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池便不會存在(zai)過充(chong)(chong)與(yu)過放現(xian)象(xiang)，且(qie)可以(yi)避開“預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”階段，直接進行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，縮(suo)短(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。

??充電機電路(lu)設計應注意的(de)事項

??若設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)沒有防倒(dao)灌(guan)(guan)保護，將會產生許多危害。以輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)接2節鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯為例，若僅(jin)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源去(qu)除，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機沒有移除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流倒(dao)灌(guan)(guan)至充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量白白損失。且更嚴重的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全隱(yin)患是：對(dui)于降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)來說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)，經芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)內部功率(lv)管寄(ji)生的(de)(de)(de)二極(ji)管倒(dao)灌(guan)(guan)至芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)VIN端(duan)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))低(di)(di)于設定值時，芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)FB點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)也會低(di)(di)于標稱值，芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)開始工(gong)作來提(ti)高(gao)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya);由(you)于輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)幾乎與輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)相等，對(dui)于降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)來說，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)無法給輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)提(ti)供能量，導致(zhi)FB點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)直低(di)(di)于標稱值，芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)進(jin)入(ru)占空比100%的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作狀態。

??如(ru)果(guo)輸(shu)(shu)入端的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源突然恢(hui)復，則(ze)輸(shu)(shu)入端的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源將通過已接通的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管(guan)將能量(liang)直接傳輸(shu)(shu)到輸(shu)(shu)出端。由(you)于(yu)輸(shu)(shu)入和輸(shu)(shu)出之(zhi)間的壓差(cha)，一(yi)個相對(dui)較大(da)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)會在瞬間流(liu)(liu)(liu)過功率(lv)管(guan)。如(ru)果(guo)此(ci)時(shi)由(you)于(yu)其他不可控制(zhi)的原因，導致核心不能及時(shi)有效地(di)響應關(guan)(guan)閉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管(guan)，則(ze)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)可能導致芯片至(zhi)部分開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)損壞(huai)。因此(ci)，在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的設計中需要增加防回流(liu)(liu)(liu)措施(shi)。