充電機如何控制過充？
2019/3/12 9:04:12??????點擊：
當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機需要(yao)適時(shi)地堵截(jie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將(jiang)出現(xian)大量出氣、失水和溫升(sheng)等過(guo)充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)反應(ying)，這將(jiang)危及到(dao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。因此，隨時(shi)監測蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況是非常(chang)有(you)必要(yao)的(de)(de)，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能夠把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)足并且(qie)又不過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要(yao)的(de)(de)停充(chong)(chong)操控辦法(fa)有(you)：
第(di)一(yi)(yi)、定(ding)時(shi)(shi)控制選用恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)依據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小很容(rong)易地(di)確定(ding)，因此只需預(yu)先設(she)定(ding)好(hao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)一(yi)(yi)到，守時(shi)(shi)器即可(ke)發布信號停充(chong)(chong)或(huo)降(jiang)為涓流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)當，或(huo)許由單片機承當其功用。這種辦法(fa)(fa)簡(jian)單，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不能依據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)狀(zhuang)況而自動調整，因此實際充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能會出(chu)現有(you)時(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)、有(you)時(shi)(shi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)的表象；
第二(er)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)操控對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，正常(chang)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)改變并不(bu)顯著，可(ke)(ke)是，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充時(shi)，其內部(bu)氣體壓(ya)力將(jiang)快速增大，負極板(ban)上氧化反響使(shi)內部(bu)發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)快速上升（每分(fen)鐘(zhong)可(ke)(ke)升高幾個攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)）。因此(ci)，調查電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的改變，即可(ke)(ke)判(pan)別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否現已充溢。通常(chang)選用(yong)兩只(zhi)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)別離(li)檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，當(dang)兩者溫(wen)(wen)差到達(da)一定(ding)值時(shi)，即宣布(bu)停(ting)充信(xin)號(hao)。因為熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態(tai)響應(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)較慢，故不(bu)能及(ji)時(shi)精確地檢測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的滿充狀況；
第三、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量一般(ban)而(er)言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)呈現降低(di)趨(qu)勢，據此可將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)出現負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)長的(de)時間作(zuo)為停(ting)充(chong)時間。與(yu)溫度操控(kong)(kong)法(fa)比(bi)較(jiao)，這(zhe)種(zhong)辦法(fa)呼應(ying)速度快，此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)絕對值無關，因(yin)(yin)此這(zhe)種(zhong)停(ting)充(chong)操控(kong)(kong)辦法(fa)可適應(ying)具有不(bu)一樣單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池數的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此辦法(fa)的(de)缺陷是一般(ban)的(de)檢測器靈敏度和(he)可靠性不(bu)高，同時，當(dang)環境溫度較(jiao)高時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池足夠電(dian)(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)減(jian)小并不(bu)顯著，因(yin)(yin)此難以操控(kong)(kong)；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上海施能電器設備有限公司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
第(di)一(yi)(yi)、定(ding)時(shi)(shi)控制選用恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)依據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小很容(rong)易地(di)確定(ding)，因此只需預(yu)先設(she)定(ding)好(hao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)一(yi)(yi)到，守時(shi)(shi)器即可(ke)發布信號停充(chong)(chong)或(huo)降(jiang)為涓流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)器可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)當，或(huo)許由單片機承當其功用。這種辦法(fa)(fa)簡(jian)單，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不能依據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)狀(zhuang)況而自動調整，因此實際充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能會出(chu)現有(you)時(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)、有(you)時(shi)(shi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)的表象；
第二(er)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)操控對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，正常(chang)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)改變并不(bu)顯著，可(ke)(ke)是，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充時(shi)，其內部(bu)氣體壓(ya)力將(jiang)快速增大，負極板(ban)上氧化反響使(shi)內部(bu)發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)快速上升（每分(fen)鐘(zhong)可(ke)(ke)升高幾個攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)）。因此(ci)，調查電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的改變，即可(ke)(ke)判(pan)別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否現已充溢。通常(chang)選用(yong)兩只(zhi)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)別離(li)檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，當(dang)兩者溫(wen)(wen)差到達(da)一定(ding)值時(shi)，即宣布(bu)停(ting)充信(xin)號(hao)。因為熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態(tai)響應(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)較慢，故不(bu)能及(ji)時(shi)精確地檢測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的滿充狀況；
第三、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量一般(ban)而(er)言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)呈現降低(di)趨(qu)勢，據此可將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)出現負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)長的(de)時間作(zuo)為停(ting)充(chong)時間。與(yu)溫度操控(kong)(kong)法(fa)比(bi)較(jiao)，這(zhe)種(zhong)辦法(fa)呼應(ying)速度快，此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)絕對值無關，因(yin)(yin)此這(zhe)種(zhong)停(ting)充(chong)操控(kong)(kong)辦法(fa)可適應(ying)具有不(bu)一樣單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池數的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此辦法(fa)的(de)缺陷是一般(ban)的(de)檢測器靈敏度和(he)可靠性不(bu)高，同時，當(dang)環境溫度較(jiao)高時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池足夠電(dian)(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)減(jian)小并不(bu)顯著，因(yin)(yin)此難以操控(kong)(kong)；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上海施能電器設備有限公司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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