充電機如何控制過充？
2019/3/12 9:04:12??????點擊：
當(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿電(dian)以后，充(chong)電(dian)機需要(yao)適時(shi)地堵截充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流，否(fou)則(ze)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)將(jiang)出現大(da)量出氣、失水和溫升等過充(chong)的反應，這將(jiang)危(wei)及(ji)到蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的使用壽命(ming)。因此，隨時(shi)監測(ce)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)情況是非常有必要(yao)的，確保電(dian)池(chi)能夠(gou)把(ba)電(dian)充(chong)足并且又不過充(chong)電(dian)。主(zhu)要(yao)的停充(chong)操(cao)控辦法有：
第一、定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制選用(yong)恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)依(yi)(yi)據電(dian)池(chi)容量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)大小很容易地確定(ding)，因此只(zhi)需預先設(she)定(ding)好充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一旦時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一到，守時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器即可(ke)發布信號停充(chong)(chong)(chong)或降為涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器可(ke)由(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)當，或許由(you)單片機承當其功用(yong)。這種(zhong)辦法(fa)(fa)簡單，但充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不能(neng)依(yi)(yi)據電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)前(qian)狀況而自動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能(neng)會出(chu)現(xian)有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)表象；
第二(er)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)操控(kong)對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言，正常(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)改(gai)變(bian)并不(bu)顯著，可是，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)時，其(qi)內(nei)部氣(qi)體壓力將快速(su)增(zeng)大，負極板上氧化反(fan)響(xiang)使內(nei)部發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)快速(su)上升(sheng)(sheng)（每分鐘(zhong)可升(sheng)(sheng)高幾個攝氏度(du)(du)）。因此，調查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)改(gai)變(bian)，即(ji)(ji)可判別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否現已(yi)充(chong)溢。通常(chang)選用兩只熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)別(bie)離檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，當(dang)兩者(zhe)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差到達一定值(zhi)時，即(ji)(ji)宣布(bu)停充(chong)信號。因為熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)動(dong)態響(xiang)應速(su)度(du)(du)較慢，故不(bu)能及時精確地檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)滿(man)充(chong)狀況；
第三、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)(fu)增(zeng)量一般而言(yan)，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)后，其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將呈現(xian)降低趨勢，據此(ci)(ci)可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出(chu)現(xian)負(fu)(fu)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)時間作(zuo)為停充時間。與溫度(du)操(cao)(cao)控法比較，這種辦(ban)法呼(hu)應速度(du)快，此(ci)(ci)外，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)增(zeng)量與電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)絕對值無關，因此(ci)(ci)這種停充操(cao)(cao)控辦(ban)法可(ke)適應具(ju)有不一樣單格電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)數的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)。此(ci)(ci)辦(ban)法的(de)(de)(de)缺陷是一般的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)器靈(ling)敏度(du)和可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)不高，同(tong)時，當環境溫度(du)較高時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)足(zu)夠電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)減小并不顯著(zhu)，因此(ci)(ci)難(nan)以操(cao)(cao)控；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上(shang)海施(shi)能電器設(she)備(bei)有限公司(si)始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
第一、定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制選用(yong)恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)依(yi)(yi)據電(dian)池(chi)容量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)大小很容易地確定(ding)，因此只(zhi)需預先設(she)定(ding)好充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一旦時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一到，守時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器即可(ke)發布信號停充(chong)(chong)(chong)或降為涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器可(ke)由(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)當，或許由(you)單片機承當其功用(yong)。這種(zhong)辦法(fa)(fa)簡單，但充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不能(neng)依(yi)(yi)據電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)前(qian)狀況而自動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能(neng)會出(chu)現(xian)有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)表象；
第二(er)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)操控(kong)對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言，正常(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)改(gai)變(bian)并不(bu)顯著，可是，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)時，其(qi)內(nei)部氣(qi)體壓力將快速(su)增(zeng)大，負極板上氧化反(fan)響(xiang)使內(nei)部發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)快速(su)上升(sheng)(sheng)（每分鐘(zhong)可升(sheng)(sheng)高幾個攝氏度(du)(du)）。因此，調查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)改(gai)變(bian)，即(ji)(ji)可判別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否現已(yi)充(chong)溢。通常(chang)選用兩只熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)別(bie)離檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，當(dang)兩者(zhe)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差到達一定值(zhi)時，即(ji)(ji)宣布(bu)停充(chong)信號。因為熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)動(dong)態響(xiang)應速(su)度(du)(du)較慢，故不(bu)能及時精確地檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)滿(man)充(chong)狀況；
第三、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)(fu)增(zeng)量一般而言(yan)，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)后，其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將呈現(xian)降低趨勢，據此(ci)(ci)可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)出(chu)現(xian)負(fu)(fu)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)時間作(zuo)為停充時間。與溫度(du)操(cao)(cao)控法比較，這種辦(ban)法呼(hu)應速度(du)快，此(ci)(ci)外，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)增(zeng)量與電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)絕對值無關，因此(ci)(ci)這種停充操(cao)(cao)控辦(ban)法可(ke)適應具(ju)有不一樣單格電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)數的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)。此(ci)(ci)辦(ban)法的(de)(de)(de)缺陷是一般的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)器靈(ling)敏度(du)和可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)不高，同(tong)時，當環境溫度(du)較高時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)足(zu)夠電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)減小并不顯著(zhu)，因此(ci)(ci)難(nan)以操(cao)(cao)控；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上(shang)海施(shi)能電器設(she)備(bei)有限公司(si)始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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