充電機如何控制過充？
2019/3/12 9:04:12??????點擊：
當(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)需要(yao)適時(shi)地堵截充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將出(chu)現(xian)大量出(chu)氣、失水和溫升等過(guo)充(chong)的(de)反應，這將危及(ji)到(dao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用壽命。因(yin)此(ci)，隨時(shi)監測蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況是非常(chang)有必要(yao)的(de)，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能夠(gou)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)足并(bing)且又不過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要(yao)的(de)停充(chong)操控辦(ban)法有：
第一、定時(shi)(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)選用恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)依據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)大小很容易地確(que)定，因此只(zhi)需(xu)預先設定好充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一旦時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一到，守(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)即可(ke)發布(bu)信號停充(chong)(chong)或(huo)降(jiang)為涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。定時(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)當，或(huo)許由單(dan)片(pian)機承當其(qi)功用。這種辦法簡(jian)單(dan)，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不能依據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)前狀(zhuang)況(kuang)而自動調(diao)整，因此實際(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能會出現有時(shi)(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)過充(chong)(chong)的(de)表象；
第二、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)操(cao)控對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)改(gai)變并不(bu)顯著，可是，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)，其(qi)內部(bu)氣體壓力將快速增(zeng)大，負(fu)極板上(shang)氧化反響(xiang)使內部(bu)發熱(re)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)快速上(shang)升（每分鐘可升高幾個攝(she)氏度(du)(du)）。因此，調查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)改(gai)變，即(ji)可判別電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是否現已充(chong)(chong)溢。通常(chang)選用兩只熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻別離(li)檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)，當兩者溫(wen)差(cha)到達一定值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，即(ji)宣布停充(chong)(chong)信號(hao)。因為熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻動態響(xiang)應(ying)速度(du)(du)較慢(man)，故不(bu)能(neng)及時(shi)(shi)精確地檢(jian)測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)滿充(chong)(chong)狀況(kuang)；
第三、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)量一(yi)(yi)(yi)般而言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)降(jiang)低趨勢，據此(ci)可(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)出現(xian)(xian)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長的時(shi)間作為(wei)停充時(shi)間。與(yu)溫度(du)(du)操(cao)控法(fa)比(bi)較(jiao)，這種辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)呼應速度(du)(du)快(kuai)，此(ci)外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的絕(jue)對值(zhi)無關，因(yin)此(ci)這種停充操(cao)控辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)可(ke)適應具有(you)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)數的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)的缺陷是一(yi)(yi)(yi)般的檢測器靈敏(min)度(du)(du)和可(ke)靠性不(bu)高(gao)，同時(shi)，當(dang)環境溫度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)足夠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的減小并(bing)不(bu)顯(xian)著，因(yin)此(ci)難以操(cao)控；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上海施能電器設備有限公司始建(jian)于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
第一、定時(shi)(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)選用恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)依據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)大小很容易地確(que)定，因此只(zhi)需(xu)預先設定好充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一旦時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一到，守(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)即可(ke)發布(bu)信號停充(chong)(chong)或(huo)降(jiang)為涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。定時(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)當，或(huo)許由單(dan)片(pian)機承當其(qi)功用。這種辦法簡(jian)單(dan)，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不能依據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)前狀(zhuang)況(kuang)而自動調(diao)整，因此實際(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能會出現有時(shi)(shi)(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)過充(chong)(chong)的(de)表象；
第二、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)操(cao)控對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)改(gai)變并不(bu)顯著，可是，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)，其(qi)內部(bu)氣體壓力將快速增(zeng)大，負(fu)極板上(shang)氧化反響(xiang)使內部(bu)發熱(re)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)快速上(shang)升（每分鐘可升高幾個攝(she)氏度(du)(du)）。因此，調查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)改(gai)變，即(ji)可判別電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是否現已充(chong)(chong)溢。通常(chang)選用兩只熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻別離(li)檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)，當兩者溫(wen)差(cha)到達一定值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，即(ji)宣布停充(chong)(chong)信號(hao)。因為熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻動態響(xiang)應(ying)速度(du)(du)較慢(man)，故不(bu)能(neng)及時(shi)(shi)精確地檢(jian)測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)滿充(chong)(chong)狀況(kuang)；
第三、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)量一(yi)(yi)(yi)般而言，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)降(jiang)低趨勢，據此(ci)可(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)出現(xian)(xian)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長的時(shi)間作為(wei)停充時(shi)間。與(yu)溫度(du)(du)操(cao)控法(fa)比(bi)較(jiao)，這種辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)呼應速度(du)(du)快(kuai)，此(ci)外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的絕(jue)對值(zhi)無關，因(yin)此(ci)這種停充操(cao)控辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)可(ke)適應具有(you)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)數的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)的缺陷是一(yi)(yi)(yi)般的檢測器靈敏(min)度(du)(du)和可(ke)靠性不(bu)高(gao)，同時(shi)，當(dang)環境溫度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)足夠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的減小并(bing)不(bu)顯(xian)著，因(yin)此(ci)難以操(cao)控；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上海施能電器設備有限公司始建(jian)于1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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