充電機如何控制過充？
2019/3/12 9:04:12??????點擊：
當(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)以后，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)需要(yao)適時(shi)地堵截充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則(ze)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池將(jiang)出(chu)現大量(liang)出(chu)氣、失水和(he)溫升(sheng)等過(guo)充(chong)(chong)的(de)反應(ying)，這將(jiang)危(wei)及到蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用壽命(ming)。因(yin)此，隨時(shi)監測蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)是非常(chang)有必要(yao)的(de)，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)池能(neng)夠把電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)足并且又不(bu)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)停(ting)充(chong)(chong)操控辦法有：
第(di)一、定(ding)(ding)時(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)選(xuan)用恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)所需(xu)(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)可(ke)依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小很容(rong)易地確定(ding)(ding)，因此只需(xu)(xu)預先設定(ding)(ding)好充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，一旦時(shi)間(jian)(jian)一到(dao)，守時(shi)器(qi)即可(ke)發布(bu)信號停充(chong)(chong)(chong)或降為涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)可(ke)由時(shi)間(jian)(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)當，或許(xu)由單片機承當其功(gong)用。這種辦法(fa)簡單，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)不(bu)能依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)前狀況而自動調(diao)整(zheng)，因此實際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，可(ke)能會出(chu)現有時(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的表(biao)象；
第二(er)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)操控(kong)對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，正(zheng)常(chang)充電(dian)(dian)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度(du)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)并不(bu)顯(xian)著，可(ke)是，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充時，其內(nei)部(bu)氣體壓力將快(kuai)速(su)增大(da)，負極(ji)板上氧化反響(xiang)使內(nei)部(bu)發(fa)熱，溫度(du)快(kuai)速(su)上升(sheng)（每分(fen)鐘可(ke)升(sheng)高幾(ji)個攝氏度(du)）。因此，調查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)的(de)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)，即(ji)可(ke)判(pan)別(bie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是否現已充溢。通常(chang)選用兩只(zhi)熱敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)別(bie)離檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)和環境溫度(du)，當(dang)兩者(zhe)溫差到達一定值(zhi)時，即(ji)宣布(bu)停充信號。因為熱敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態響(xiang)應速(su)度(du)較慢(man)，故不(bu)能及(ji)時精確地檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)滿充狀況；
第三(san)、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量一(yi)般(ban)而(er)言，當電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)后，其端電(dian)壓(ya)將呈(cheng)現降低(di)趨勢，據此(ci)可(ke)將電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)出現負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)長的(de)時(shi)間(jian)作為停充(chong)(chong)時(shi)間(jian)。與溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)操控法(fa)(fa)(fa)比(bi)較，這種辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)呼應(ying)速度(du)(du)快，此(ci)外(wai)，電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量與電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)絕對值無關，因此(ci)這種停充(chong)(chong)操控辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)適應(ying)具有不(bu)一(yi)樣單格電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)數的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。此(ci)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)缺陷是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)檢(jian)測器靈敏度(du)(du)和可(ke)靠性不(bu)高，同時(shi)，當環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)較高時(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)足(zu)夠電(dian)后電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)減小并不(bu)顯(xian)著，因此(ci)難以操控；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上海施能(neng)電(dian)器設(she)備有(you)限公司(si)始建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
第(di)一、定(ding)(ding)時(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)選(xuan)用恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)所需(xu)(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)可(ke)依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小很容(rong)易地確定(ding)(ding)，因此只需(xu)(xu)預先設定(ding)(ding)好充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，一旦時(shi)間(jian)(jian)一到(dao)，守時(shi)器(qi)即可(ke)發布(bu)信號停充(chong)(chong)(chong)或降為涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)可(ke)由時(shi)間(jian)(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)當，或許(xu)由單片機承當其功(gong)用。這種辦法(fa)簡單，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)不(bu)能依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)前狀況而自動調(diao)整(zheng)，因此實際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，可(ke)能會出(chu)現有時(shi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)、有時(shi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的表(biao)象；
第二(er)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)操控(kong)對Ni-cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，正(zheng)常(chang)充電(dian)(dian)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度(du)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)并不(bu)顯(xian)著，可(ke)是，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充時，其內(nei)部(bu)氣體壓力將快(kuai)速(su)增大(da)，負極(ji)板上氧化反響(xiang)使內(nei)部(bu)發(fa)熱，溫度(du)快(kuai)速(su)上升(sheng)（每分(fen)鐘可(ke)升(sheng)高幾(ji)個攝氏度(du)）。因此，調查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)的(de)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)，即(ji)可(ke)判(pan)別(bie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是否現已充溢。通常(chang)選用兩只(zhi)熱敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)別(bie)離檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)和環境溫度(du)，當(dang)兩者(zhe)溫差到達一定值(zhi)時，即(ji)宣布(bu)停充信號。因為熱敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)動態響(xiang)應速(su)度(du)較慢(man)，故不(bu)能及(ji)時精確地檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)滿充狀況；
第三(san)、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量一(yi)般(ban)而(er)言，當電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)后，其端電(dian)壓(ya)將呈(cheng)現降低(di)趨勢，據此(ci)可(ke)將電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)出現負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)長的(de)時(shi)間(jian)作為停充(chong)(chong)時(shi)間(jian)。與溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)操控法(fa)(fa)(fa)比(bi)較，這種辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)呼應(ying)速度(du)(du)快，此(ci)外(wai)，電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量與電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)絕對值無關，因此(ci)這種停充(chong)(chong)操控辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)適應(ying)具有不(bu)一(yi)樣單格電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)數的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。此(ci)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)缺陷是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)檢(jian)測器靈敏度(du)(du)和可(ke)靠性不(bu)高，同時(shi)，當環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)較高時(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)足(zu)夠電(dian)后電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)減小并不(bu)顯(xian)著，因此(ci)難以操控；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上海施能(neng)電(dian)器設(she)備有(you)限公司(si)始建(jian)于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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