充電機如何控制過充？
2019/3/12 9:04:12??????點擊：
當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)需要適(shi)時地堵(du)截充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將(jiang)出(chu)(chu)現大量(liang)出(chu)(chu)氣、失水和溫(wen)升等過(guo)充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應，這將(jiang)危及到蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。因此，隨時監測蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況是非常有(you)必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)，確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能(neng)夠把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)足并且(qie)又(you)不過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)停充(chong)(chong)操(cao)控辦法有(you)：
第一(yi)、定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)控制選用恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間可(ke)依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小很(hen)容易地確定(ding)，因此只需預先(xian)設定(ding)好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，一(yi)旦(dan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間一(yi)到，守(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)器即(ji)可(ke)發布信號停充(chong)或(huo)(huo)降為涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)器可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)(shi)間繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)當，或(huo)(huo)許(xu)由單片機承當其功用。這種辦法(fa)簡單，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不能依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀況而(er)自動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能會出現有時(shi)(shi)(shi)欠(qian)充(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)充(chong)的表象；
第二、電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)操控對(dui)Ni-cd電(dian)池(chi)而言，正常充電(dian)時，蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)改(gai)變并(bing)不顯著，可是，當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)過充時，其(qi)內部(bu)氣體壓力將(jiang)快(kuai)速增大，負極板上氧化反響使內部(bu)發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)快(kuai)速上升（每分鐘可升高(gao)幾個攝氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)）。因(yin)此，調查電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)改(gai)變，即可判別電(dian)池(chi)是否現已充溢。通常選用兩(liang)只熱(re)敏電(dian)阻(zu)別離檢測(ce)電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，當(dang)兩(liang)者(zhe)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)到達一(yi)定值(zhi)時，即宣布停充信號(hao)。因(yin)為熱(re)敏電(dian)阻(zu)動態響應(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)較慢，故不能及時精確地檢測(ce)到電(dian)池(chi)的(de)滿(man)充狀(zhuang)況；
第三(san)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓負增量(liang)一(yi)般而言(yan)，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充足電(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)，其端電(dian)(dian)壓將(jiang)呈現降(jiang)低(di)趨勢，據此可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓出現負增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間作(zuo)為停充時(shi)間。與溫度(du)操控法(fa)比(bi)較，這種辦法(fa)呼應速(su)度(du)快，此外，電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負增量(liang)與電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)對(dui)值(zhi)無(wu)關，因此這種停充操控辦法(fa)可適應具有不(bu)一(yi)樣單格電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)。此辦法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷是一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)器靈敏度(du)和(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)不(bu)高(gao)，同時(shi)，當環境溫度(du)較高(gao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)足夠電(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減小并不(bu)顯著，因此難(nan)以操控；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上海施能電(dian)器設備有(you)限公(gong)司始建于(yu)1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
第一(yi)、定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)控制選用恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間可(ke)依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小很(hen)容易地確定(ding)，因此只需預先(xian)設定(ding)好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，一(yi)旦(dan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間一(yi)到，守(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)器即(ji)可(ke)發布信號停充(chong)或(huo)(huo)降為涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)器可(ke)由時(shi)(shi)(shi)間繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)當，或(huo)(huo)許(xu)由單片機承當其功用。這種辦法(fa)簡單，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不能依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)前狀況而(er)自動調整，因此實(shi)際充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)能會出現有時(shi)(shi)(shi)欠(qian)充(chong)、有時(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)充(chong)的表象；
第二、電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)操控對(dui)Ni-cd電(dian)池(chi)而言，正常充電(dian)時，蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)改(gai)變并(bing)不顯著，可是，當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)過充時，其(qi)內部(bu)氣體壓力將(jiang)快(kuai)速增大，負極板上氧化反響使內部(bu)發熱(re)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)快(kuai)速上升（每分鐘可升高(gao)幾個攝氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)）。因(yin)此，調查電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)改(gai)變，即可判別電(dian)池(chi)是否現已充溢。通常選用兩(liang)只熱(re)敏電(dian)阻(zu)別離檢測(ce)電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，當(dang)兩(liang)者(zhe)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)到達一(yi)定值(zhi)時，即宣布停充信號(hao)。因(yin)為熱(re)敏電(dian)阻(zu)動態響應(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)較慢，故不能及時精確地檢測(ce)到電(dian)池(chi)的(de)滿(man)充狀(zhuang)況；
第三(san)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓負增量(liang)一(yi)般而言(yan)，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充足電(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)，其端電(dian)(dian)壓將(jiang)呈現降(jiang)低(di)趨勢，據此可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓出現負增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間作(zuo)為停充時(shi)間。與溫度(du)操控法(fa)比(bi)較，這種辦法(fa)呼應速(su)度(du)快，此外，電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負增量(liang)與電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)對(dui)值(zhi)無(wu)關，因此這種停充操控辦法(fa)可適應具有不(bu)一(yi)樣單格電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)。此辦法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷是一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)器靈敏度(du)和(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)不(bu)高(gao)，同時(shi)，當環境溫度(du)較高(gao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)足夠電(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減小并不(bu)顯著，因此難(nan)以操控；
第四、使用極化電壓操控通常情況下，蓄電池的極化電壓出現在電池剛好充滿后，通常在50mV～100mV數量級，選用有關專利技術來測量每個單格電池的極化電壓，這樣就使每個電池都可充電到它自身所需求的程度。研討表明，因為每個電池在幾何結構、化學性質及電學特性等方面至少存在一些細微的不同，那么依據每個單格電池的特性來斷定它所需求的充電水平會比把蓄電池組作為一個整體來操控的辦法更加適宜一些。上海施能電(dian)器設備有(you)限公(gong)司始建于(yu)1984年(nian)，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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