大功率充電機快速充電技術的應用
2019/3/18 14:53:11??????點擊：
隨著(zhu)各種蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)廣泛使用，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術已經(jing)引起人們的(de)(de)廣泛重視。傳統的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間過(guo)長，且由于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程過(guo)于(yu)(yu)簡單而會使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命縮(suo)短，因此已經(jing)面臨淘(tao)汰。相應的(de)(de)，一些(xie)新的(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法開(kai)始涌現(xian)，并已應用于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)產實踐(jian)中(zhong)。同時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)也非常(chang)迅速(su)，在大功率(lv)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域，開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源發展(zhan)(zhan)迅速(su)，已經(jing)開(kai)始逐(zhu)步替代傳統的(de)(de)相控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。本文中(zhong)從快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源以及(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制的(de)(de)實現(xian)等角度，對快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術進行(xing)了探(tan)討。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)種類很多，目前應(ying)(ying)用(yong)最廣的(de)主要是密封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。這2種蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)原理都是一樣的(de)，即都是通過化學反應(ying)(ying)產生正負離(li)子形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)會(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)(yang)氣，在密封(feng)式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，這些(xie)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)氣可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過隔(ge)膜和氣室(shi)被(bei)負極(ji)(ji)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)，整(zheng)個化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)形成一個循環的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)形式。就密封(feng)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而(er)言，它的(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)(ya)有(you)限，因此負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)速(su)度(du)也(ye)是有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過高(gao)，正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)(yang)氣的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)過快(kuai)，負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)速(su)度(du)跟(gen)不上(shang)(shang)氧(yang)(yang)氣的(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)速(su)度(du)，長時(shi)(shi)間之后必然造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失(shi)水，從而(er)誘發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)微短(duan)路硫酸化(hua)等失(shi)效現(xian)象(xiang)，損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)質量，縮(suo)短(duan)其使用壽(shou)命。同時(shi)(shi)高(gao)速(su)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)會(hui)造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)(ya)力上(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)上(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升高(gao)，這不僅會(hui)縮(suo)短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命，而(er)且有(you)可(ke)(ke)能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成永(yong)久(jiu)性傷害。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)這一化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)原理是研究制定快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)根本。一方面(mian)，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡(jin)量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)得到最大的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一方面(mian)，又要保(bao)證(zheng)負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)能力，使其能夠(gou)跟(gen)得上(shang)(shang)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)氧(yang)(yang)氣產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)，同時(shi)(shi)要盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)。
提高蓄(xu)電池的(de)化學反(fan)應(ying)速度有2種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，一是改進蓄(xu)電池的(de)結構以降低其內(nei)阻(zu)和提高反(fan)應(ying)離子(zi)的(de)擴散速度，二是改進蓄(xu)電池的(de)充(chong)電方(fang)(fang)法。本文(wen)中(zhong)對充(chong)電方(fang)(fang)法作了(le)重(zhong)點論述。
大功率充電(dian)機快速充電(dian)技術的應用
不同種類的蓄電池，具有不同的充放電曲線，其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時，要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例，傳統的充電方法（恒流充電或恒壓充電）由于本身的弊端，已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期，美國科學家馬斯（J.A.MAS）提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線，即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中：I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海施能電(dian)器設(she)備有限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)種類很多，目前應(ying)(ying)用(yong)最廣的(de)主要是密封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。這2種蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)原理都是一樣的(de)，即都是通過化學反應(ying)(ying)產生正負離(li)子形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)會(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)(yang)氣，在密封(feng)式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，這些(xie)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)氣可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過隔(ge)膜和氣室(shi)被(bei)負極(ji)(ji)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)，整(zheng)個化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)形成一個循環的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)形式。就密封(feng)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而(er)言，它的(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)(ya)有(you)限，因此負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)速(su)度(du)也(ye)是有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過高(gao)，正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)(yang)氣的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)過快(kuai)，負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)速(su)度(du)跟(gen)不上(shang)(shang)氧(yang)(yang)氣的(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)速(su)度(du)，長時(shi)(shi)間之后必然造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失(shi)水，從而(er)誘發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)微短(duan)路硫酸化(hua)等失(shi)效現(xian)象(xiang)，損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)質量，縮(suo)短(duan)其使用壽(shou)命。同時(shi)(shi)高(gao)速(su)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)會(hui)造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)(ya)力上(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)上(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升高(gao)，這不僅會(hui)縮(suo)短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命，而(er)且有(you)可(ke)(ke)能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成永(yong)久(jiu)性傷害。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)這一化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)原理是研究制定快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)根本。一方面(mian)，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡(jin)量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)得到最大的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一方面(mian)，又要保(bao)證(zheng)負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)能力，使其能夠(gou)跟(gen)得上(shang)(shang)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)氧(yang)(yang)氣產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)，同時(shi)(shi)要盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)。
提高蓄(xu)電池的(de)化學反(fan)應(ying)速度有2種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，一是改進蓄(xu)電池的(de)結構以降低其內(nei)阻(zu)和提高反(fan)應(ying)離子(zi)的(de)擴散速度，二是改進蓄(xu)電池的(de)充(chong)電方(fang)(fang)法。本文(wen)中(zhong)對充(chong)電方(fang)(fang)法作了(le)重(zhong)點論述。
大功率充電(dian)機快速充電(dian)技術的應用
不同種類的蓄電池，具有不同的充放電曲線，其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時，要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例，傳統的充電方法（恒流充電或恒壓充電）由于本身的弊端，已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期，美國科學家馬斯（J.A.MAS）提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線，即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中：I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海施能電(dian)器設(she)備有限公司始建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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