大功率充電機快速充電技術的應用
2019/3/18 14:53:11??????點擊：
隨著各種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)廣泛使用，快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術已(yi)經(jing)引起人(ren)們的(de)廣泛重(zhong)視。傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間過長，且由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程過于簡(jian)單而會使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命縮短，因此已(yi)經(jing)面臨(lin)淘汰。相應的(de)，一些(xie)新的(de)快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法開(kai)始(shi)(shi)涌現，并已(yi)應用于生產實踐中(zhong)。同(tong)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)發展(zhan)也非常(chang)迅(xun)速(su)(su)，在大功率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域，開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發展(zhan)迅(xun)速(su)(su)，已(yi)經(jing)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)逐步(bu)替代傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)相控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。本文中(zhong)從快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)以(yi)及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制的(de)實現等角度，對快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術進行了探討(tao)。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電池的種類很多，目前(qian)應用最(zui)廣的主要是密封鉛酸蓄(xu)電池和鎳(nie)鎘電池。這2種蓄(xu)電池的充放電原(yuan)理都(dou)是一樣的，即都(dou)是通過化(hua)學反應產生(sheng)正負離子形成電流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)，在密(mi)封式(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，這些正極(ji)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)以通過(guo)隔膜和氣(qi)(qi)室被負(fu)極(ji)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)，整個化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)形成一個循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)形式(shi)(shi)。就密(mi)封式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)壓有限，因此負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)速(su)(su)度也是(shi)有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)高(gao)(gao)，正極(ji)產(chan)(chan)生氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度過(guo)快(kuai)，負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)速(su)(su)度跟不上(shang)(shang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生速(su)(su)度，長時間之后必(bi)然造(zao)(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失水，從而誘(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微短路硫酸化等失效現象(xiang)，損(sun)害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，縮短其使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命。同時高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)率充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)壓力上(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度上(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)阻升高(gao)(gao)，這不僅會(hui)縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命，而且有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)(zao)成永久性傷害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)原理是(shi)研究制定快(kuai)速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一方面，快(kuai)速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，使(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度得(de)到(dao)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao);另(ling)一方面，又(you)要保(bao)證負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)能(neng)力，使(shi)(shi)其能(neng)夠(gou)跟得(de)上(shang)(shang)正極(ji)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，同時要盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化現象(xiang)。
提高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的化學反應(ying)速度有2種方式，一是改進(jin)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的結(jie)構以降低其(qi)內(nei)阻和(he)提高(gao)反應(ying)離子的擴散速度，二是改進(jin)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)。本(ben)文中(zhong)對充電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)作了重點論述。
大功率充(chong)電(dian)機快速充(chong)電(dian)技(ji)術的(de)應(ying)用
不同種類的蓄電池，具有不同的充放電曲線，其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時，要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例，傳統的充電方法（恒流充電或恒壓充電）由于本身的弊端，已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期，美國科學家馬斯（J.A.MAS）提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線，即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中：I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海施能電(dian)器設備有限公司始(shi)建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電池的種類很多，目前(qian)應用最(zui)廣的主要是密封鉛酸蓄(xu)電池和鎳(nie)鎘電池。這2種蓄(xu)電池的充放電原(yuan)理都(dou)是一樣的，即都(dou)是通過化(hua)學反應產生(sheng)正負離子形成電流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)，在密(mi)封式(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，這些正極(ji)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)以通過(guo)隔膜和氣(qi)(qi)室被負(fu)極(ji)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)，整個化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)形成一個循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)形式(shi)(shi)。就密(mi)封式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)壓有限，因此負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)速(su)(su)度也是(shi)有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)高(gao)(gao)，正極(ji)產(chan)(chan)生氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度過(guo)快(kuai)，負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)速(su)(su)度跟不上(shang)(shang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生速(su)(su)度，長時間之后必(bi)然造(zao)(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失水，從而誘(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微短路硫酸化等失效現象(xiang)，損(sun)害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，縮短其使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命。同時高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)率充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)壓力上(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度上(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)阻升高(gao)(gao)，這不僅會(hui)縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命，而且有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)(zao)成永久性傷害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)原理是(shi)研究制定快(kuai)速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一方面，快(kuai)速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，使(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度得(de)到(dao)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao);另(ling)一方面，又(you)要保(bao)證負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)能(neng)力，使(shi)(shi)其能(neng)夠(gou)跟得(de)上(shang)(shang)正極(ji)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，同時要盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化現象(xiang)。
提高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的化學反應(ying)速度有2種方式，一是改進(jin)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的結(jie)構以降低其(qi)內(nei)阻和(he)提高(gao)反應(ying)離子的擴散速度，二是改進(jin)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)。本(ben)文中(zhong)對充電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)作了重點論述。
大功率充(chong)電(dian)機快速充(chong)電(dian)技(ji)術的(de)應(ying)用
不同種類的蓄電池，具有不同的充放電曲線，其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時，要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例，傳統的充電方法（恒流充電或恒壓充電）由于本身的弊端，已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期，美國科學家馬斯（J.A.MAS）提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線，即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中：I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海施能電(dian)器設備有限公司始(shi)建于(yu)1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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