大功率充電機快速充電技術的應用
2019/3/18 14:53:11??????點擊:
隨著各種(zhong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)廣泛使(shi)(shi)用,快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術已(yi)(yi)經(jing)引起人們(men)的(de)(de)廣泛重(zhong)視。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間過長,且由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程過于簡單而會使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)縮短,因此已(yi)(yi)經(jing)面臨淘汰。相(xiang)應的(de)(de),一些新的(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法開(kai)始(shi)涌現,并已(yi)(yi)應用于生產實(shi)踐中(zhong)。同時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)也非常(chang)迅速(su),在大功率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域,開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源發(fa)展(zhan)迅速(su),已(yi)(yi)經(jing)開(kai)始(shi)逐(zhu)步(bu)替代(dai)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)相(xiang)控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。本(ben)文中(zhong)從(cong)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源以及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制的(de)(de)實(shi)現等角度,對快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術進行了探討。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)種類很(hen)多,目(mu)前應(ying)用最廣的(de)主要是密封鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池和鎳鎘電(dian)池。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)原理都是一(yi)樣的(de),即都是通過(guo)化學(xue)反應(ying)產(chan)生正負離子(zi)形成電(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)會產(chan)(chan)生氧(yang)氣(qi),在密(mi)封(feng)(feng)式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong),這(zhe)(zhe)些正極(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)可以(yi)通過隔膜和氣(qi)室(shi)被負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)吸收(shou),整個(ge)(ge)化學反(fan)(fan)應形(xing)成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應形(xing)式(shi)。就密(mi)封(feng)(feng)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而言,它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)壓有限(xian),因此負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)速(su)(su)度(du)也(ye)是有限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過高(gao)(gao),正極(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)生氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)過快(kuai),負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)速(su)(su)度(du)跟不上氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生速(su)(su)度(du),長時(shi)間之(zhi)后(hou)必然造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失(shi)(shi)水,從(cong)而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短路硫酸化等失(shi)(shi)效現象(xiang),損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量,縮短其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。同時(shi)高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)率充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化會造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)部壓力(li)上升(sheng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)上升(sheng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao),這(zhe)(zhe)不僅會縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命,而且有可能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)永久(jiu)性(xing)傷害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)一化學反(fan)(fan)應原理(li)是研究制(zhi)定快(kuai)速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一方面,快(kuai)速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)盡(jin)量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學反(fan)(fan)應,使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度(du)得到最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao);另一方面,又要(yao)保證負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)能力(li),使(shi)其(qi)能夠(gou)跟得上正極(ji)(ji)氧(yang)氣(qi)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du),同時(shi)要(yao)盡(jin)可能消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化現象(xiang)。
提(ti)高(gao)(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)化(hua)學反應速(su)(su)度有2種(zhong)方(fang)式,一是改(gai)進(jin)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)結構以降低其內阻和(he)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)反應離子的(de)擴散速(su)(su)度,二是改(gai)進(jin)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)方(fang)法。本文中對充電(dian)方(fang)法作(zuo)了(le)重點(dian)論(lun)述。
大功(gong)率充(chong)電機快速充(chong)電技術的應用(yong)
不同種類的蓄電池,具有不同的充放電曲線,其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時,要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例,傳統的充電方法(恒流充電或恒壓充電)由于本身的弊端,已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期,美國科學家馬斯(J.A.MAS)提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線,即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中:I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上(shang)海施能電(dian)器設備(bei)有限公(gong)司(si)始建于1984年(nian),上海市高新技術企業,中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商,上海電器行業名優產品,主要生產工頻系列充電機,高頻系列充電機,鋰電池充電機,系列放電機,系列充放電機等電器產品。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)種類很(hen)多,目(mu)前應(ying)用最廣的(de)主要是密封鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池和鎳鎘電(dian)池。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)原理都是一(yi)樣的(de),即都是通過(guo)化學(xue)反應(ying)產(chan)生正負離子(zi)形成電(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)會產(chan)(chan)生氧(yang)氣(qi),在密(mi)封(feng)(feng)式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong),這(zhe)(zhe)些正極(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)可以(yi)通過隔膜和氣(qi)室(shi)被負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)吸收(shou),整個(ge)(ge)化學反(fan)(fan)應形(xing)成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應形(xing)式(shi)。就密(mi)封(feng)(feng)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而言,它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)壓有限(xian),因此負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)速(su)(su)度(du)也(ye)是有限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過高(gao)(gao),正極(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)生氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)過快(kuai),負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)速(su)(su)度(du)跟不上氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生速(su)(su)度(du),長時(shi)間之(zhi)后(hou)必然造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失(shi)(shi)水,從(cong)而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短路硫酸化等失(shi)(shi)效現象(xiang),損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量,縮短其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。同時(shi)高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)率充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化會造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)部壓力(li)上升(sheng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)上升(sheng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao),這(zhe)(zhe)不僅會縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命,而且有可能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)永久(jiu)性(xing)傷害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)一化學反(fan)(fan)應原理(li)是研究制(zhi)定快(kuai)速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一方面,快(kuai)速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)盡(jin)量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學反(fan)(fan)應,使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度(du)得到最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao);另一方面,又要(yao)保證負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)能力(li),使(shi)其(qi)能夠(gou)跟得上正極(ji)(ji)氧(yang)氣(qi)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du),同時(shi)要(yao)盡(jin)可能消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)化現象(xiang)。
提(ti)高(gao)(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)化(hua)學反應速(su)(su)度有2種(zhong)方(fang)式,一是改(gai)進(jin)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)結構以降低其內阻和(he)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)反應離子的(de)擴散速(su)(su)度,二是改(gai)進(jin)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)方(fang)法。本文中對充電(dian)方(fang)法作(zuo)了(le)重點(dian)論(lun)述。
大功(gong)率充(chong)電機快速充(chong)電技術的應用(yong)
不同種類的蓄電池,具有不同的充放電曲線,其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時,要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例,傳統的充電方法(恒流充電或恒壓充電)由于本身的弊端,已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期,美國科學家馬斯(J.A.MAS)提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線,即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中:I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上(shang)海施能電(dian)器設備(bei)有限公(gong)司(si)始建于1984年(nian),上海市高新技術企業,中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商,上海電器行業名優產品,主要生產工頻系列充電機,高頻系列充電機,鋰電池充電機,系列放電機,系列充放電機等電器產品。
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