大功率充電機快速充電技術的應用
2019/3/18 14:53:11??????點擊:
隨(sui)著各(ge)種蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)廣泛(fan)使用(yong),快速充(chong)電(dian)技術已(yi)經(jing)引起人們的(de)廣泛(fan)重(zhong)視。傳統的(de)充(chong)電(dian)方法(fa)充(chong)電(dian)時間過(guo)(guo)長,且(qie)由于(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程過(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)簡(jian)單(dan)而會使蓄電(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)縮短,因此已(yi)經(jing)面(mian)臨淘汰。相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de),一(yi)些新的(de)快速充(chong)電(dian)方法(fa)開始(shi)涌現(xian),并已(yi)應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)生產實(shi)踐中。同(tong)時,充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)也非常迅速,在(zai)大(da)功率充(chong)電(dian)領域,開關電(dian)源發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)迅速,已(yi)經(jing)開始(shi)逐步替代傳統的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)控電(dian)源。本文中從(cong)快速充(chong)電(dian)原理(li)、充(chong)電(dian)方法(fa)、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源以及充(chong)電(dian)控制的(de)實(shi)現(xian)等角度,對快速充(chong)電(dian)技術進行了探(tan)討。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的種類很多,目前應用最廣的主(zhu)要是密(mi)封(feng)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)和鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)池(chi)。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的充放電(dian)原(yuan)理都是一樣(yang)的,即都是通過(guo)化學反應產(chan)生正負(fu)離子形成電(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中會(hui)產生(sheng)氧氣(qi),在密封式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中,這些正極(ji)產生(sheng)的(de)氧氣(qi)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)隔膜和(he)氣(qi)室被負極(ji)吸收,整個化(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)(ying)形(xing)成(cheng)一個循環的(de)反應(ying)(ying)形(xing)式(shi)。就密封式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言,它的(de)內壓(ya)有(you)限(xian),因此(ci)負極(ji)的(de)吸收速(su)度(du)(du)也是有(you)限(xian)的(de)。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao),正極(ji)產生(sheng)氧氣(qi)的(de)速(su)度(du)(du)過(guo)快(kuai),負極(ji)的(de)吸收速(su)度(du)(du)跟不上氧氣(qi)的(de)產生(sheng)速(su)度(du)(du),長(chang)時(shi)間之后(hou)必然造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)失(shi)水(shui),從而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)微短(duan)路硫(liu)酸化(hua)等(deng)失(shi)效現象(xiang),損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)質(zhi)量,縮(suo)短(duan)其使(shi)用壽(shou)命。同時(shi)高(gao)速(su)率充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)極(ji)化(hua)會(hui)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)力上升,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)上升,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升高(gao),這不僅(jin)會(hui)縮(suo)短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命,而且有(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造成(cheng)永久性傷(shang)害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)這一化(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)(ying)原理是研究制定快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)根本(ben)。一方面,快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)(ying),使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)(du)得(de)到最大的(de)提(ti)高(gao);另一方面,又要保證負極(ji)的(de)吸收能(neng)力,使(shi)其能(neng)夠跟得(de)上正極(ji)氧氣(qi)產生(sheng)的(de)速(su)度(du)(du),同時(shi)要盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)。
提(ti)高蓄電池(chi)的化(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)速度有2種方式(shi),一是改(gai)進蓄電池(chi)的結構以降低其內阻和提(ti)高反(fan)應(ying)離(li)子的擴(kuo)散(san)速度,二是改(gai)進蓄電池(chi)的充電方法。本(ben)文中對充電方法作了重點論(lun)述。
大功率充(chong)(chong)電機快速充(chong)(chong)電技術的應(ying)用
不同種類的蓄電池,具有不同的充放電曲線,其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時,要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例,傳統的充電方法(恒流充電或恒壓充電)由于本身的弊端,已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期,美國科學家馬斯(J.A.MAS)提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線,即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中:I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海(hai)施能電器(qi)設備有限公司始建于1984年,上海市高新技術企業,中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商,上海電器行業名優產品,主要生產工頻系列充電機,高頻系列充電機,鋰電池充電機,系列放電機,系列充放電機等電器產品。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的種類很多,目前應用最廣的主(zhu)要是密(mi)封(feng)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)和鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)池(chi)。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的充放電(dian)原(yuan)理都是一樣(yang)的,即都是通過(guo)化學反應產(chan)生正負(fu)離子形成電(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中會(hui)產生(sheng)氧氣(qi),在密封式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中,這些正極(ji)產生(sheng)的(de)氧氣(qi)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)隔膜和(he)氣(qi)室被負極(ji)吸收,整個化(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)(ying)形(xing)成(cheng)一個循環的(de)反應(ying)(ying)形(xing)式(shi)。就密封式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言,它的(de)內壓(ya)有(you)限(xian),因此(ci)負極(ji)的(de)吸收速(su)度(du)(du)也是有(you)限(xian)的(de)。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao),正極(ji)產生(sheng)氧氣(qi)的(de)速(su)度(du)(du)過(guo)快(kuai),負極(ji)的(de)吸收速(su)度(du)(du)跟不上氧氣(qi)的(de)產生(sheng)速(su)度(du)(du),長(chang)時(shi)間之后(hou)必然造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)失(shi)水(shui),從而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)微短(duan)路硫(liu)酸化(hua)等(deng)失(shi)效現象(xiang),損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)質(zhi)量,縮(suo)短(duan)其使(shi)用壽(shou)命。同時(shi)高(gao)速(su)率充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)極(ji)化(hua)會(hui)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)力上升,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)上升,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升高(gao),這不僅(jin)會(hui)縮(suo)短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命,而且有(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造成(cheng)永久性傷(shang)害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)這一化(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)(ying)原理是研究制定快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)根本(ben)。一方面,快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要盡量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)(ying),使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)(du)得(de)到最大的(de)提(ti)高(gao);另一方面,又要保證負極(ji)的(de)吸收能(neng)力,使(shi)其能(neng)夠跟得(de)上正極(ji)氧氣(qi)產生(sheng)的(de)速(su)度(du)(du),同時(shi)要盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)。
提(ti)高蓄電池(chi)的化(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)速度有2種方式(shi),一是改(gai)進蓄電池(chi)的結構以降低其內阻和提(ti)高反(fan)應(ying)離(li)子的擴(kuo)散(san)速度,二是改(gai)進蓄電池(chi)的充電方法。本(ben)文中對充電方法作了重點論(lun)述。
大功率充(chong)(chong)電機快速充(chong)(chong)電技術的應(ying)用
不同種類的蓄電池,具有不同的充放電曲線,其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時,要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例,傳統的充電方法(恒流充電或恒壓充電)由于本身的弊端,已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期,美國科學家馬斯(J.A.MAS)提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線,即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中:I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海(hai)施能電器(qi)設備有限公司始建于1984年,上海市高新技術企業,中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商,上海電器行業名優產品,主要生產工頻系列充電機,高頻系列充電機,鋰電池充電機,系列放電機,系列充放電機等電器產品。
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