大功率充電機快速充電技術的應用
2019/3/18 14:53:11??????點擊：
隨著(zhu)各種蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)廣泛使用，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)已經引(yin)起人們的(de)(de)(de)廣泛重視。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)過(guo)長，且由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)過(guo)于簡單而會使蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命縮短，因(yin)此已經面臨淘汰(tai)。相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)，一些新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)開(kai)始涌現，并已應(ying)用于生產實踐中。同(tong)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)發展也非常迅(xun)速(su)，在大(da)功率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)領(ling)域(yu)，開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源發展迅(xun)速(su)，已經開(kai)始逐步替代傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)相控(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)源。本文中從快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)原理、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源以及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)實現等(deng)角度，對快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)進行了探討。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)很(hen)多，目前應用最廣(guang)的(de)主(zhu)要是密封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這2種(zhong)(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)原理(li)都是一樣的(de)，即都是通過(guo)化(hua)學反應產生正負(fu)離子形成電(dian)(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中會(hui)產(chan)生氧氣(qi)，在密(mi)封(feng)式(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中，這(zhe)些正極產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧氣(qi)可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)隔(ge)膜和氣(qi)室(shi)被(bei)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極吸(xi)收，整個化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應形成(cheng)一(yi)個循環的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應形式(shi)。就密(mi)封(feng)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而(er)言，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)(ya)有(you)限(xian)，因此負(fu)(fu)(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收速(su)(su)度也是有(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)，正極產(chan)生氧氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度過(guo)(guo)快，負(fu)(fu)(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收速(su)(su)度跟不(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)氧氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生速(su)(su)度，長(chang)時間之后(hou)必然造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失水，從(cong)而(er)誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微短路硫酸化(hua)(hua)等失效現象，損(sun)害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，縮(suo)短其(qi)(qi)使用壽(shou)命。同時高(gao)速(su)(su)率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極化(hua)(hua)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)(ya)力上(shang)(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度上(shang)(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升高(gao)，這(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)會(hui)縮(suo)短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命，而(er)且有(you)可能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)永久(jiu)性傷害。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)一(yi)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應原理是研究制定(ding)快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一(yi)方(fang)面，快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)盡量(liang)加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應，使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度得到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一(yi)方(fang)面，又要(yao)保證(zheng)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收能(neng)力，使其(qi)(qi)能(neng)夠跟得上(shang)(shang)(shang)正極氧氣(qi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，同時要(yao)盡可能(neng)消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極化(hua)(hua)現象。
提(ti)高蓄電(dian)池的化學反(fan)應速(su)度有2種(zhong)方(fang)式，一(yi)是(shi)改(gai)進蓄電(dian)池的結構(gou)以降低(di)其內阻和提(ti)高反(fan)應離子的擴散速(su)度，二是(shi)改(gai)進蓄電(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。本文中對充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)作了重(zhong)點論述。
大(da)功率充電(dian)機快(kuai)速充電(dian)技術的應用
不同種類的蓄電池，具有不同的充放電曲線，其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時，要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例，傳統的充電方法（恒流充電或恒壓充電）由于本身的弊端，已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期，美國科學家馬斯（J.A.MAS）提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線，即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中：I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海施能電器設(she)備有限公司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)很(hen)多，目前應用最廣(guang)的(de)主(zhu)要是密封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這2種(zhong)(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)原理(li)都是一樣的(de)，即都是通過(guo)化(hua)學反應產生正負(fu)離子形成電(dian)(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中會(hui)產(chan)生氧氣(qi)，在密(mi)封(feng)式(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中，這(zhe)些正極產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧氣(qi)可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)隔(ge)膜和氣(qi)室(shi)被(bei)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極吸(xi)收，整個化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應形成(cheng)一(yi)個循環的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應形式(shi)。就密(mi)封(feng)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)而(er)言，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)內壓(ya)(ya)有(you)限(xian)，因此負(fu)(fu)(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收速(su)(su)度也是有(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)，正極產(chan)生氧氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度過(guo)(guo)快，負(fu)(fu)(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收速(su)(su)度跟不(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)氧氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生速(su)(su)度，長(chang)時間之后(hou)必然造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失水，從(cong)而(er)誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微短路硫酸化(hua)(hua)等失效現象，損(sun)害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，縮(suo)短其(qi)(qi)使用壽(shou)命。同時高(gao)速(su)(su)率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極化(hua)(hua)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內部壓(ya)(ya)力上(shang)(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度上(shang)(shang)(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻升高(gao)，這(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)會(hui)縮(suo)短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命，而(er)且有(you)可能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)永久(jiu)性傷害。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)一(yi)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應原理是研究制定(ding)快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。一(yi)方(fang)面，快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)盡量(liang)加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應，使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度得到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一(yi)方(fang)面，又要(yao)保證(zheng)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收能(neng)力，使其(qi)(qi)能(neng)夠跟得上(shang)(shang)(shang)正極氧氣(qi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，同時要(yao)盡可能(neng)消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極化(hua)(hua)現象。
提(ti)高蓄電(dian)池的化學反(fan)應速(su)度有2種(zhong)方(fang)式，一(yi)是(shi)改(gai)進蓄電(dian)池的結構(gou)以降低(di)其內阻和提(ti)高反(fan)應離子的擴散速(su)度，二是(shi)改(gai)進蓄電(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。本文中對充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)作了重(zhong)點論述。
大(da)功率充電(dian)機快(kuai)速充電(dian)技術的應用
不同種類的蓄電池，具有不同的充放電曲線，其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時，要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例，傳統的充電方法（恒流充電或恒壓充電）由于本身的弊端，已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期，美國科學家馬斯（J.A.MAS）提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線，即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中：I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海施能電器設(she)備有限公司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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