大功率充電機快速充電技術的應用
2019/3/18 14:53:11??????點擊：
隨(sui)著各(ge)種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)廣泛使(shi)用，快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)引起人們(men)的(de)廣泛重(zhong)視。傳統的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間過(guo)(guo)長，且由于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程過(guo)(guo)于(yu)簡單而會(hui)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命縮短，因此已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)面臨淘汰。相(xiang)應的(de)，一些新的(de)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法開(kai)始涌(yong)現(xian)，并已(yi)(yi)應用于(yu)生(sheng)產實踐(jian)中。同時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)發展也非常迅速，在大(da)功率(lv)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域，開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發展迅速，已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)開(kai)始逐步(bu)替代傳統的(de)相(xiang)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。本文中從快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)以及(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)實現(xian)等角度，對快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)進行了(le)探討。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)種類很多(duo)，目前(qian)應用最廣的(de)主要(yao)是密封鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池和(he)鎳鎘電(dian)池。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)原理(li)都是一(yi)樣的(de)，即都是通過化學反(fan)應產生正負離子形成(cheng)電(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中會產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)氣(qi)，在(zai)(zai)密封(feng)式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中，這些正(zheng)極(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)可以通過隔膜和氣(qi)室被(bei)負(fu)極(ji)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)，整個化學(xue)反(fan)應形成一個循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應形式。就密封(feng)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)壓有限，因此負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)速(su)(su)度也是(shi)有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過高(gao)，正(zheng)極(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度過快(kuai)，負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)速(su)(su)度跟(gen)(gen)不(bu)上氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)速(su)(su)度，長時(shi)間之后必然造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)失水，從而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短(duan)路硫(liu)酸化等(deng)失效現象，損(sun)害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，縮短(duan)其使(shi)用壽命。同時(shi)高(gao)速(su)(su)率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部壓力上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻升高(gao)，這不(bu)僅會縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命，而且(qie)有可能(neng)(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造成永久性傷(shang)害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這一化學(xue)反(fan)應原(yuan)理是(shi)研(yan)究制定快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)。一方面(mian)，快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)盡(jin)量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學(xue)反(fan)應，使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度得(de)到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一方面(mian)，又要(yao)保證負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)能(neng)(neng)力，使(shi)其能(neng)(neng)夠跟(gen)(gen)得(de)上正(zheng)極(ji)氧(yang)氣(qi)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，同時(shi)要(yao)盡(jin)可能(neng)(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化現象。
提高(gao)(gao)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的化學反應(ying)速度有2種方式，一是改進蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的結構以降低其內阻(zu)和提高(gao)(gao)反應(ying)離子的擴散速度，二(er)是改進蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的充電方法。本(ben)文(wen)中(zhong)對充電方法作了重點論(lun)述。
大功率充電機(ji)快速充電技術的(de)應用
不同種類的蓄電池，具有不同的充放電曲線，其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時，要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例，傳統的充電方法（恒流充電或恒壓充電）由于本身的弊端，已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期，美國科學家馬斯（J.A.MAS）提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線，即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中：I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海施能電器設備有限(xian)公司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
快速充電原理
蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)種類很多(duo)，目前(qian)應用最廣的(de)主要(yao)是密封鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池和(he)鎳鎘電(dian)池。這2種蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)原理(li)都是一(yi)樣的(de)，即都是通過化學反(fan)應產生正負離子形成(cheng)電(dian)流。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中會產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)氣(qi)，在(zai)(zai)密封(feng)式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中，這些正(zheng)極(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)可以通過隔膜和氣(qi)室被(bei)負(fu)極(ji)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)，整個化學(xue)反(fan)應形成一個循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應形式。就密封(feng)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言(yan)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)壓有限，因此負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)速(su)(su)度也是(shi)有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過高(gao)，正(zheng)極(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度過快(kuai)，負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)速(su)(su)度跟(gen)(gen)不(bu)上氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)速(su)(su)度，長時(shi)間之后必然造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)失水，從而誘發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微短(duan)路硫(liu)酸化等(deng)失效現象，損(sun)害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，縮短(duan)其使(shi)用壽命。同時(shi)高(gao)速(su)(su)率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部壓力上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻升高(gao)，這不(bu)僅會縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命，而且(qie)有可能(neng)(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造成永久性傷(shang)害。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這一化學(xue)反(fan)應原(yuan)理是(shi)研(yan)究制定快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)。一方面(mian)，快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)盡(jin)量加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學(xue)反(fan)應，使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度得(de)到最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao);另一方面(mian)，又要(yao)保證負(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)能(neng)(neng)力，使(shi)其能(neng)(neng)夠跟(gen)(gen)得(de)上正(zheng)極(ji)氧(yang)氣(qi)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，同時(shi)要(yao)盡(jin)可能(neng)(neng)消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化現象。
提高(gao)(gao)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的化學反應(ying)速度有2種方式，一是改進蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的結構以降低其內阻(zu)和提高(gao)(gao)反應(ying)離子的擴散速度，二(er)是改進蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的充電方法。本(ben)文(wen)中(zhong)對充電方法作了重點論(lun)述。
大功率充電機(ji)快速充電技術的(de)應用
不同種類的蓄電池，具有不同的充放電曲線，其相應的充電方法也有很大的不同。在研究具體的充電方法時，要考慮到這一點以選擇合適的方法。 以鉛酸蓄電池為例，傳統的充電方法（恒流充電或恒壓充電）由于本身的弊端，已基本被淘汰。現行的充電方法大都是使其充電曲線盡可能地模擬蓄電池的最佳充電曲線。 60年代中期，美國科學家馬斯（J.A.MAS）提出了以最低出氣率為前提的蓄電池可接受的充電電流曲線，即任一時刻蓄電池能接受的充電電流為 I=I0expAt 式中：I0為初始充電電流;A為充電接受比;t為充電時間。上海施能電器設備有限(xian)公司始(shi)建于1984年，上海市高新技術企業，中國工業車輛優秀配套供應商，上海電器行業名優產品，主要生產工頻系列充電機，高頻系列充電機，鋰電池充電機，系列放電機，系列充放電機等電器產品。
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